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All Journal Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Majalah Obstetri dan Ginekologi Indonesia) World Nutrition Journal PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Cermin Dunia Kedokteran eJournal Kedokteran Indonesia Makara Journal of Health Research MEDICINUS Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Rima Irwinda
Department Of Obstetric And Gynaecology, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Comparison of WHO global and Asia-Pacific body mass index classifications for screening low birth weight risk among pregnant women in urban Indonesia Mayditania Intan Bunga Pratiwi; Dwiana Ocviyanti; Rima Irwinda; Dian Novita Chandra
World Nutrition Journal Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): WNJ. Volume 10 Issue 1, Agustus 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Nutrition Association

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25220/WNJ.V10.i1.0012

Abstract

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) remains a major contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal body mass index (BMI) is widely used to identify pregnancies at risk of adverse birth outcomes; however, the optimal BMI classification for Asian populations remains uncertain. This study compared the WHO Global and WHO Asia-Pacific BMI classifications in identifying pregnant women at risk of delivering LBW infants. Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted among 729 pregnant women attending 10 primary healthcare centers in Jakarta, Indonesia. Cases comprised 368 women who delivered LBW infants (2,500 g), while 361 women with normal birth weight infants served as controls. Logistic regression models were developed using both BMI classifications and compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Nagelkerke R². Screening performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results: After adjustment for maternal age, preterm delivery, and pregnancy-induced hypertension, both BMI classifications showed comparable predictive performance (WHO Global: AUC=0.646; Asia-Pacific: AUC=0.634). BMI category was not independently associated with LBW in either model. However, using obesity as the screening threshold, the WHO Asia-Pacific classification demonstrated substantially higher sensitivity than the WHO Global classification (49.5% vs. 16.3%), although specificity was lower. Conclusions: Although both BMI classifications showed similar predictive performance, the WHO Asia-Pacific classification identified a substantially greater proportion of women at risk of delivering LBW infants. These findings support the use of population-specific BMI 2 thresholds to strengthen antenatal nutritional screening in Indonesian and other Asian populations.
Co-Authors Adly N.A. Fattah Ali Sungkar Ali Sungkar Ali Sungkar Andrew Pratama Kurniawan Angela Rowan Anugrah, Pani Matin Arya Ivan Mahendra Atikah Sayogo Putri Bangun T. Purwaka, Bangun T. Berguna, Jimmy S.N. Budi I. Santoso Budi Iman Santoso Budiman, Jenica Xaviera Damar Prasmusinto Dian Novita Chandra Dilmy, Mohammad Adya Firmansha Dwiana Ocviyanti Farah Asyuri Yasmin Febriansyah Darus Guinto, Valerie Tiempo Herman Kristanto Islamah, Rachelya Nurfirdausi James Dekker Jimmy S. N. Berguna Jimmy Sakti Johanes C. Mose Jun Zhang Juneke J. Kaeng Karina N. Pratiwi, Karina N. Kindy Agustin Luciana Budiati Sutanto Lysandra Olivia Prasanti Putri Made K. Karkata, Made K. Maisuri T. Chalid, Maisuri T. Makmur Sitepu, Makmur Mayditania Intan Bunga Pratiwi Mohammad Azmi Nadia Nurfauziah Nembo, Lidia F. Nembo, Lidia Firmiaty Noroyono Wibowo Nunki Febriastuti Nuswil Bernolian Okky Lupita Sari Okky Lupita Sari Peby Maulina Prameswari, Natasya Pratiwi, Mayditania Intan Bunga Putri, Atikah S. Putri, Ruth Widhiati Raharjo Qirani, Ida Ayu Devi Raymond Surya Raymond Surya Raymond Surya Raymond Surya Rebecca Cannan Riezki Amalia Rinawati Rohsiswatmo Rumondang, Amanda Salsabila Putri, Cut Tisya Sandhy Prayudhana Saptawati Bardosono Saptawati Bardosono Saroyo, Yudianto Budi Sulaeman A. Susilo, Sulaeman A. Syafitri, Inayah Tazkia Putri Kagami Yudi B. Saroyo Yuditiya Purwosunu Yusrawati Yusrawati Yuyun Lisnawati