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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis SANGAJI: Jurnal Pemikiran Syariah dan Hukum Hukum Responsif : Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas Hukum Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati Cirebon Jurnal Impresi Indonesia Journal of Social Research International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences Jurnal Locus Penelitian dan Pengabdian Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics (JLCA) Edunity: Kajian Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan Journal of Social Science Jurnal Ilmu Multidisplin Prosiding Seminar Nasional Hasil-hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat Return : Study of Management, Economic and Bussines INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR) Equivalent: Jurnal Ilmiah Sosial Teknik Ekasakti Legal Science Journal Journal Of Law Sciences (Legisci) Journal of Community Service (Abdisci) Journal of Law and Social Politics Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia Rechtsnormen: Journal of Law
HARMONO HARMONO
Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati
Religion Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Mathematics Neuroscience Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Ambiguitas Klasifikasi E-Commerce dalam World Trade Organozation dan Implikasinya terhadap Kebijakan Proteksionisme Digital Indonesia Ananda Gymnastiar Dwijaya; Harmono
SANGAJI: Jurnal Pemikiran Syariah dan Hukum Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah IAI Muhammadiyah Bima

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52266/sangaji.v10i1.7015

Abstract

Perkembangan ekonomi digital global telah menimbulkan tantangan baru bagi rezim perdagangan internasional, khususnya terkait klasifikasi hukum e-commerce dalam World Trade Organization (WTO). Hingga saat ini, WTO belum mampu menentukan secara pasti apakah produk digital harus ditempatkan dalam rezim perdagangan barang (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/GATT) atau perdagangan jasa (General Agreement on Trade in Services/GATS). Ambiguitas tersebut tidak hanya menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum dalam tata kelola perdagangan digital internasional, tetapi juga memengaruhi ruang regulasi negara dalam mengelola ekonomi digital domestiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ambiguitas klasifikasi e-commerce dalam WTO terhadap kepastian hukum perdagangan digital internasional serta implikasinya terhadap kebijakan proteksionisme digital Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada analisis hubungan antara ambiguitas klasifikasi produk digital dalam WTO dengan kecenderungan penguatan digital sovereignty melalui kebijakan proteksionisme digital Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ambiguitas klasifikasi e-commerce telah berkembang menjadi persoalan struktural yang melemahkan kepastian hukum perdagangan digital internasional dan membatasi efektivitas WTO sebagai pusat pembentukan norma perdagangan digital global. Kondisi tersebut mendorong Indonesia memperkuat berbagai instrumen regulasi digital, termasuk pengawasan platform asing, perluasan yurisdiksi data, dan pelindungan data pribadi sebagai upaya mempertahankan ruang regulasi nasional di tengah tekanan liberalisasi perdagangan digital global. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa perdebatan mengenai perdagangan digital internasional tidak lagi terbatas pada isu liberalisasi perdagangan, tetapi juga berkaitan dengan distribusi kekuasaan ekonomi digital, kedaulatan digital, dan kapasitas negara berkembang dalam mempertahankan ruang regulasinya.
Law Enforcement of Police Discretion to Resolve Traffic Accidents at the Investigation Level Angga Nurhadinata; Candra Wibowo; Harmono Harmono; Agus Dimyati
Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) Vol. 3 No. 9 (2024): INJURITY: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies.
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58631/injurity.v3i9.298

Abstract

Traffic accidents are one of the serious problems that are often faced in the context of law enforcement, especially in countries with high traffic density such as Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate how discretionary decisions taken by police investigators can affect the case settlement process, taking into account aspects of justice and public interest. The study utilized policy documents as the primary data source, focusing on analyzing these documents through a systematic document analysis and content analysis approach. The document analysis technique will help in organizing and summarizing these documents to identify relevant information and protocols regarding the application of discretion. The content analysis will then be employed to examine the specifics of how discretion is framed and regulated within these policies, revealing the underlying principles and standards guiding police decision-making in traffic accident cases. This research would contribute to refining policies and practices related to police discretion, ensuring they effectively balance flexibility with adherence to legal and ethical standards.
The Validity of Online Agreements and The Power of Digital Evidence in Treaty Law in Indonesia Mochamad Fachrurozi; Harmono Harmono
Interdiciplinary Journal and Hummanity (INJURITY) Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): Injurity: Interdiciplinary Journal and Humanity
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58631/injurity.v5i6.1545

Abstract

The shift from conventional transactional paradigms to the digital realm creates juridical ambiguity regarding the requirements for the validity of contracts and the admissibility of evidence in civil disputes. This normative legal research aims to analyze the synchronization of Article 1320 of the Civil Code with the ITE Law, as well as evaluate the evidentiary weight of electronic evidence from the perspective of civil procedure law in Indonesia. Using statutory and conceptual approaches, the study finds that electronic contracts remain subject to the classical doctrine of the Civil Code, where the absence of an age verification system on digital platforms has the potential to render agreements voidable. Furthermore, the unilateral imposition of standard clauses frequently undermines the principle of freedom of contract and prejudices the position of consumers. In terms of evidence, the legitimacy of digital evidence continues to be constrained by the absence of adequate forensic operational procedure standards, giving rise to disparities in judicial decisions. The study concludes that the renewal of legal norms has not been accompanied by corresponding technical readiness within the judiciary. It is therefore recommended that a real-time population data system be integrated for the verification of legal subjects, and that a Supreme Court Regulation be issued specifically governing the guidelines for the examination of electronic evidence, in order to ensure legal certainty and consumer protection in cyberspace.
Study of People's Mining Law in Majalengka Regency Mochamad Wildan Khaidar; Endang Sutrisno; Harmono Harmono
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 6 No. 6 (2026): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v6i6.53267

Abstract

People's mining activities in Indonesia, including in Majalengka Regency, are often carried out without proper permits, leading to legal uncertainty and environmental degradation. Although regulations require environmental documents such as the Statement of Environmental Management and Monitoring Ability (SPPL) and People's Mining Permits (IPR), many small-scale miners continue to operate illegally. This research aims to analyze the position of the Statement of Environmental Management and Monitoring Ability (SPPL) and the application of sanctions against smallholder mining actors who do not have permits in Majalengka Regency. The research method used is normative juridical, examining laws and regulations, literature, and supporting data related to people's mining. The results of the study show that SPPL holds an important position as a form of environmental approval for small-scale people's mining activities that are not required to have AMDAL or UKL-UPL. However, in practice, there are still people's mining activities that operate without having a People's Mining Permit (IPR) and SPPL. This condition causes administrative violations and has the potential to result in criminal sanctions if activities continue to be carried out without permission. The Majalengka Regency Government, through Satpol PP and related agencies, has implemented administrative sanctions in the form of reprimands and closures of mine sites. This research emphasizes the importance of supervision, coaching, and coordination between agencies in order to create orderly, legal, and environmentally sound governance of people's mining.
Government supervision of the implementation of diversion In the child criminal justice system: Constitutional law perspective Dhea Aulia Azzahra; Harmono Harmono
International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences (IJHESS) Vol 5 No 6 (2026): IJHESS JUNE 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhess.v5i6.2422

Abstract

The paradigm shift in Indonesia's juvenile criminal justice system from a retributive approach to restorative justice through diversion mechanisms is a constitutional mandate to protect children's fundamental rights. However, in its implementation, diversion is often trapped in administrative formalities and sociological barriers, such as the dominance of compensation agreements that violate the principle of justice for economically disadvantaged groups. This study aims to analyze the regulation of authority and government oversight mechanisms for the implementation of diversion at the investigation, prosecution, and court hearing levels from a Constitutional Law perspective. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that although Law Number 11 of 2012 (the Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Justice Law) and Government Regulation Number 8 of 2017 have provided a legal basis for hierarchical supervision by direct superiors and functional supervision by the Community Guidance (PK) of Bapas, their effectiveness remains fragmented. This study concludes that strengthening the oversight mechanism should not stop at administrative reporting, but must also address aspects of institutional accountability through synchronization of cross-sectoral regulations and optimization of digital systems such as SPPT-TI. Revitalization of the role of external supervisory institutions is needed to ensure that the discretionary authority of officers remains within the corridor of the best interests of children and the principles of the rule of law that guarantee restorative justice evenly and sustainably.
Construction of Marketplace Responsibility In Consumer Protection of Digital Halal Products In Indonesia Ananda Gymnastiar Dwijaya; Harmono Harmono
Jurnal Legisci Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Vol 3 No 1 August 2025
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/legisci.v3i1.898

Abstract

Aims. This study analyzes the construction of marketplace liability in protecting consumers of halal products in Indonesia's digital economy. Methods. The research employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches. Data were obtained from primary legal materials such as laws, government regulations, and ministerial regulations, as well as secondary sources, including academic journals and reports from halal certification authorities. Result. The findings reveal that marketplaces cannot be considered neutral intermediaries, but rather business actors under the Consumer Protection Law, with obligations to ensure the accuracy and truthfulness of halal claims. The absence of explicit technical regulations on halal verification in electronic commerce has created a legal vacuum that weakens consumer protection. Comparative analysis of Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates, and the European Union shows that due diligence obligations for platforms have proven effective in minimizing false halal claims. Conclusion. This study concludes that Indonesia requires conditional safe harbor mechanisms, layered accountability, and mandatory integration with BPJPH's halal database to strengthen legal certainty and consumer trust in the halal digital ecosystem.
Legal Responsibility of Marketplaces in Online Buying and Selling Transactions in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Digital Consumer Protection Ibnu Sina Nur Ubay; Reza Saputra; Harmono Harmono; Jaenudin Umar
Jurnal Legisci Vol 3 No 4 (2026): Vol 3 No 4 February 2026
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/legisci.v3i4.1058

Abstract

Background. This study analyzes the effectiveness of consumer protection regulations in online buying and selling transactions in Indonesia by highlighting the gap between normative legal certainty and real protection experienced by consumers in the digital marketplace ecosystem. The scope of the study includes the implementation of consumer protection laws in e-commerce transactions as well as structural, institutional, and sociological factors that hinder their effectiveness. Aims. The research aims to critically examine the application of the applicable legal framework in practice and to identify systemic causes of repeated violations, such as mismatches in goods, misleading product information, and limitations in consumer rights recovery mechanisms. Method. The method used is normative legal research, drawing on legislative, conceptual, and analytical-critical approaches. Primary legal materials consist of laws and regulations related to consumer protection and electronic transactions, supported by secondary legal materials from reputable international journals, OECD and UNCTAD reports, and documentation of consumer complaints over the last five years. Data were collected through literature review and document analysis, with validation using source triangulation and theory. Results. The results of the study show that although the normative framework for consumer protection in Indonesia is relatively comprehensive, its implementation in e-commerce remains weak due to weak law enforcement, low consumer legal literacy, fragmentation of responsibilities among digital business actors, and regulatory ambiguity regarding the role of marketplaces. Conclusion. Using Legal System Theory, information asymmetry, contractual justice, and economic analysis of the law, this study concludes that consumer protection remains dominant in the books but has not fully functioned in practice. Implementation. It is necessary to strengthen market accountability, simplify digital dispute-resolution mechanisms, and increase consumer legal literacy.
Implementation of the Restorative Approach in Traffic Accident Cases by the Indonesian Prosecutor's Office Imaduddin Bagassalam; Harmono Harmono; Dadan Taufik Fathurohman
Jurnal Legisci Vol 3 No 4 (2026): Vol 3 No 4 February 2026
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/legisci.v3i4.1086

Abstract

Background. Traffic accidents are a form of criminal acts that occur quite often in the community and often have a significant impact, both in terms of physical, psychological, and social. Although the perpetrator may not be motivated by intent, they may still be subject to legal sanctions under applicable regulations. To achieve a fairer, more humane, and more efficient justice system, the Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia issued Regulation No. 15 of 2020 on the Termination of Prosecutions Based on the Principles of Restorative Justice. Aims. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of restorative justice in traffic accident cases and to evaluate the barriers to its implementation and the factors that support its implementation. Method. The method employed combines a normative and empirical juridical approach, with data collected through literature reviews, interviews, and documentation. Conclusion. The study's findings indicate that the restorative justice approach offers a more peaceful and equitable settlement for all parties involved. However, there remain challenges, including limited understanding among law enforcement officials, low community participation, and weaknesses in oversight mechanisms. Implementation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen policies, continue training for prosecutors, and enhance community legal understanding so that restorative justice can be applied optimally and consistently in Indonesia.
Groundless Land Claims: Systemic Failures in Land Tenure Rights Protection in Indonesia Kobul Nugraha; Harmono Harmono
Jurnal Legisci Vol 3 No 5 (2026): Vol 3 No 5 April 2026
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/legisci.v3i5.1158

Abstract

Background. The phenomenon of baseless land claims in Indonesia is an the rise and can no longer be treated as an ordinary civil dispute. This practice often involves manipulating documents, pseudo-physical possession, and the use of legal loopholes to legitimize unauthorized claims. Aims. This study aims to analyze the practice of baseless land claims from a positive legal perspective, identify systemic failure factors in land law, and formulate an ideal legal protection model for legitimate landowners. Methods. The method used is normative juridical, with a legislative, conceptual, and case-based approach, supported by studies of primary and secondary legal materials. Result. The results of the study show that the practice of baseless land claims is a form of abuse of legal instruments supported by weaknesses in the institutional structure, gaps in the substance of the law, and a legal culture that has not supported integrity. On the other hand, legal protection for legitimate landowners has not been effective, either preventively through the land registration system or repressively through judicial mechanisms. Conclusion. Therefore, systemic reform is needed through the digitization and integration of land data, the strengthening of supervision and law enforcement, and the expansion of access to justice for the community. Implementation. This study emphasizes that groundless land claims are an indicator of the state's failure to ensure legal certainty regarding ownership rights, making comprehensive reform in land governance in Indonesia an urgent need.
Legal Certainty of Crew Protection in Controlled Narcotics Schemes: A Doctrinal Analysis of Mens Rea and Actus Reus Rudiyanto Rudiyanto; Harmono Harmono
Jurnal Legisci Vol 3 No 5 (2026): Vol 3 No 5 April 2026
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/legisci.v3i5.1159

Abstract

Background. Problems arise when the crew is often positioned as perpetrators of narcotics crimes without adequate evidence related to malicious intent (mens rea) and unlawful acts (actus reus), especially in the context of limited knowledge and control of the ship's cargo. Aims. This article aims to analyze the legal certainty in the protection of crew members who are indirectly involved in controlled delivery schemes, with an emphasis on the doctrinal construction of the elements of mens rea and actus reus in criminal law. Methods. This research employs normative juridical methods, drawing on legislative, conceptual, and comparative legal approaches, and is supported by an analysis of relevant law enforcement practices. Result. The results of the study show that there is a tendency to apply the strict liability approach in narcotics cases involving crew members, which in practice obscures the fundamental principle of geen straf zonder schuld (no crime without fault). In addition, the construction of actus reus is often disproportionately expanded to include individuals who have neither effective control nor real involvement in criminal acts. This condition creates legal uncertainty and may violate the principles of justice and the protection of human rights. Conclusion. This article argues that proof of mens rea should be a central element in the attribution of criminal liability to the crew, and emphasizes the importance of strictly limiting the interpretation of actus reus. As a recommendation, it is necessary to reformulate the narcotics criminal law policy to be more oriented towards the principle of culpability, to strengthen evidentiary standards, and to align it with international legal instruments. Implementation. Thus, it is hoped that a balance will be created between the effectiveness of narcotics eradication and fair legal protection for the crew.
Co-Authors Abid Nur Fariz Pamungkas Abim Dwi Nugroho Ade Solahudin Adien Trisha Maulani Aghny Nabila Fachruzia Agus Dimyati Agus Jaelani Amara Az Zahra Pratiwi Ananda Gymnastiar Dwijaya Ananda Gymnastiar Dwijaya Andrey Kristianto Andri Ritanto Angga Nurhadinata Annisa Firdiana Maharani Ari Mistari Ari Nurhaqi Aria Wirakusuma Azhar Khoerul Bariyah Darda Bagus Trie Ramandha Hentrisman Barlian Mahia Nurwahyu Benny Novico Zani Candra Ermala Candra Wibowo Dadan Taufik Fathurohman Dadan Taufik Fathurohman Dela Rezki Silfia Deni Yusup Permana Devi Novira Dhea Aulia Azzahra Dianita Utami DIKRI ARAHMAN Dini Septiani Dino Ubassandrio Efionita Sepfiani Endang Sutrisno Endang Sutrisno Ervan Ervian Fahmy Fauzan Alawy Fani Zahara Suwarno Putri Farhan Ahmad Fathurahman Farhan Haban Nugraha Gibran Muhammad Gaza Palestin Gina Nurfaidah Gunawan, Moh Sigit Hartono Hartono Henda Henda Henny Saida Flora Ibnu Sina Nur Ubay Imaduddin Bagassalam Indra Pratama Putra Jaenudin Umar Judijanto, Loso Kadir, Taqyuddin Kartono Kartono Kemmala Dewi Kitfiyatun Nisah Kobul Nugraha Liu Yang Livia Alves Mochamad Fachrurozi Mochamad Wildan Khaidar Moh Sigit Gunawan Moh. Sigit Gunawan Mohammad Sigit Gunawan Mohammad Sigit Gunawan Muhammad Fariz Albadi Muhammad Husni Abdulah Pakarti Muhammad Ivan AlRasyid Muhammad Lanang Gilang Gumilang Mukarto Siswoyo Nur Hayati Nur’ Andini Pera Pera Putri Nur Fazriyah Raden Handiriono Raja Ath-Thuur Rabbani Ratu Mawar Kartina Reynaldi Alfarisi Trideta Reza Saputra Rifal Faliansyah Rudi Kurniawan Rudiyanto Rudiyanto Salsabila Dito Putri Sri Primawati Indraswari Subhi Subarka Sun Wei Syaafiyah Abdullah Tri Ramdhani Hariwibowo Tri Wulandari Wahyudin Wahyudin Widiah Sri Astuti Yodie Pratama Yudha Zahran Muhammad Ikhwan Zaidan Rizky Suherman