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The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Armed Conflict under International Law Siregar, Naek; Aini, Desy Churul; Rehulina, Rehulina; Subandi, Agit Yogi; Mirza, Isroni Muhammad Miraj
Hasanuddin Law Review VOLUME 10 ISSUE 2, AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Hasanuddin University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/halrev.v10i2.5267

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technological achievement that simulates human intelligence through machines or computer programs. The integration of AI in military operations aims to minimize combatant casualties and enhance effectiveness in warfare. Despite the advantages and significance of this research, concerns arise regarding the ideal implementation of AI in armed conflicts due to potential security challenges. A significant issue lies in the legal perspective governing AI as a comprehensive defense tool. This paper employs a juridical normative research method based on a statutory approach to provide a descriptive analysis and examine the regulatory framework surrounding AI in armed conflict. The results indicate that the absence of comprehensive regulations complicates the accountability framework, making liability determination intricate, particularly when AI malfunctions due to substandard quality or improper use. In such cases, accountability may extend to both the creator and the user. The concept of liability for violations in armed conflict is explored according to international law, highlighting the implications and associated responsibilities of using AI within legal principles. This paper concludes that AI regulation must be crafted to ensure usage aligns with established procedures within the framework of international law. 
Law and Development: Workers Welfare Based on the Principles of a Welfare State Rehulina, Rehulina
Dharmawangsa: International Journal of the Social Sciences, Education and Humanitis Vol 6, No 3 (2025): Social Sciences, Education and Humanities
Publisher : Universitas Dharmawangsa Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46576/ijsseh.v6i3.7912

Abstract

The concept of a welfare state is a system of government that aims to improve the welfare and quality of life of its citizens, including basic needs such as health, education, housing, and social security. A welfare state seeks to reduce social and economic disparities through income redistribution and equitable fiscal policies. Workers play a key role in social welfare development. Employment is a vital issue for many people and ultimately reflects the level of progress of a country's development. Workers must earn a decent living. This aligns with the demands of a welfare state to protect the people from negative aspects. Indonesia, as a country that adheres to the principles of a welfare state, carries out national development, particularly in the development of quality human resources, such as workers. Workers must receive welfare guarantees from the state based on the principles of a welfare state. The problem is How is the government's effort in realizing the development of workers' welfare based on the principles of the welfare state? The research method used is normative juridical with secondary data sources. The government's efforts in realizing the development of workers' welfare based on the principles of the welfare state through laws and regulations, for example Law No. 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System (SJSN), and institutions established by the state to realize workers' welfare in accordance with the principles of the welfare state. such as the Employment Planning and Development Agency (Barenbang), the Directorate General at the central level, the Manpower Office at the provincial and city/district levels, BPJS Employment, Technical Implementation Units (UPTD) such as the Job Training Center. The laws and regulations and institutions established with their respective institutional duties and responsibilities are realized through programs from each institution.
The Constitutional Court Verdict Constribution towards International Civil Law Development in Indonesia Havez, Muhammad; Rehulina, Rehulina; Azizah, Siti; Hakim, Amran; Al Hamid, Bayu
JASSP Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jassp.v2i2.80

Abstract

This research will be assessing the Constitutional Court verdicts related to issues of International Private Law. The assessment itself will be conducted through descriptive qualitative research method using socio-legal approach. The data collection method was carried out qualitatively, namely: through literature studies and focus group discussions. Then, the results of the evaluation will show the hypothesis of the level of development in the field of Civil law International law in Indonesia based on the legal considerations of the Constitutional Court and their impact of these decisions. Where since 2013, Constitutional Court had repeatedly contributed to the development of International Private Law in Indonesia. Although Constitutional Court remain their stands on limiting the rights on land ownership only apply for Indonesian citizen. But by 2015, through Constitutional Court Verdict No. 69/PUU-XIII/2015, the Constitutional Court determined that prenuptial agreement could be hold to secure the interest of each couple within mix marriage.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI INVESTOR TERHADAP KERENTANAN SISTEM PADA PERDAGANGAN SAHAM BERBASIS AI wildayanti, wildayanti; Rehulina, Rehulina
Jurnal Perspektif Hukum Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Universitas Harapan Medan

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Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based stock trading is a technological innovation that has transformed the way investors interact with the capital market. Algorithmic and machine learning-based systems enable automated decision-making with high speed and accuracy. However, this development also presents new challenges in the form of cybersecurity risks, algorithmic bias, and the potential for market manipulation that have not been fully addressed by legal regulations in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection for investors regarding the vulnerabilities of AI-based stock trading systems and to evaluate the effectiveness of regulations implemented by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach, through an analysis of the Capital Market Law, the Consumer Protection Law, and OJK Regulations concerning electronic systems in the financial sector. The results show that although a basic legal framework for investor protection is in place, protection mechanisms against risks stemming from AI technology failures remain unspecified. Therefore, regulatory updates based on risk governance and an AI accountability framework are needed to create legal certainty and secure digital trading systems in the future.
Aplikasi Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) Berbasis Nitrogen terhadap Mutu Fisik Cabai Merah (Capsicum annuum L.) selama Penyimpanan Mutiar, Sri; Arziyah, Dewi; Kasim, Anwar; Rehulina, Rehulina
Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu Jilid XIII Nomor 2 Desember 2025
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanian Kutai Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36084/jpt..v13i2.689

Abstract

Physical and physiological red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) deterioration after harvest often leads to a decline in quality and contributes to price fluctuations in the domestic market. Therefore, effective packaging technology is required to extend shelf life and maintain the quality of red chili. One promising approach is Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) using nitrogen. Nitrogen gas is inert, odorless, tasteless, and can replace oxygen to suppress respiration, oxidation, and color degradation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen packaging on weight loss, moisture content, and color attributes of red chili during storage at room temperature. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors, namely packaging treatment (without nitrogen and with nitrogen) and storage duration (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days), each with three replications. The observed parameters included weight loss, moisture content, and color (L, a, b values). The results revealed that red chili packaged with nitrogen exhibited a slower increase in weight loss compared to the control, reaching only 3.62% on day 12, lower than 4.29% without nitrogen. Moisture content in nitrogen-packaged chili was relatively more stable during storage, although some fluctuations occurred. Furthermore, color analysis showed that nitrogen packaging better preserved brightness (L) and redness (a), resulting in fresher appearance. Nitrogen based packaging effectively maintained the physical quality of red chili during storage, highlighting its potential to reduce postharvest losses and enhance the competitiveness of horticultural products.
Adakah Pembaharuan Kewajiban Hak Asasi Manusia pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara? pada sudut pandang Indonesia Rehulina, Rehulina; Siska, Katalin Siska; Becánics, Adrienn; Orima Davey, Orima Davey
Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan (in progress)
Publisher : Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ius.v14i1.1972

Abstract

State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia are at a pivotal intersection of public duty and commercial activity, challenging traditional notions of legal subjectivity under international human rights law. The paper introduces the Indonesian perspective by examining how national business and human rights frameworks apply to SOEs such as PT PLN and PT PERTAMINA, as corporations are required to comply with human rights obligations as part of their international responsibilities. It explores critical research problems, including whether SOEs should bear the same human rights obligations as the state, since it can be argued that SOE constitutes a state itself and how effectively Indonesia's legal instruments address the dual roles of these entities and the challenges posed by multinational corporations with fluid legal identities. The research methodology employs doctrinal legal research utilizing secondary legal data. Preliminary findings indicate that SOEs are state entities with human rights obligations; however, their responsibility is defined as corporate under Pillar Two of the United Nation Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP). Indonesia has effectively integrated the UNGP into its national policies and practices concerning SOEs. The country has updated its National Action Plans on Business and Human Rights and implemented Good Corporate Governance principles to regulate SOE conduct. Prominent companies such as PT PLN and PT Pertamina have adopted measures, including anti-discrimination policies, whistleblowing systems, sustainability reports, and ethical codes of conduct
Implementasi corporate social responsibility pada perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit Rehulina, Rehulina; Irwansyah, Irwansyah; Fitria, Yunita
Jurnal Ilmu Akuntansi Mulawarman (JIAM) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021): September
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29264/jiam.v6i3.6571

Abstract

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan CSR pada PT Telen Prima Sawit. Data penelitian ini merupakan hasil pengamatan di lapangan, melalui wawancara pada 3 informan yang berkaitan dengan PT Telen Prima Sawit, yaitu: Kepala CSR, Staf CSR dan Kepala Desa Batu Balai. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data oleh Miles and Huberman untuk menganalisis data kualitatif. Metode analisis ini dilakukan dengan cara: (1) Pengumpulan data, (2) Reduksi data, (3) Penyajian data, dan (4) Penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa PT Telen Prima Sawit menerapkan CSR-nya dalam bentuk program-program CSR baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang dengan bermitra bersama masyarakat dan pemerintah. Dana CSR bersifat fleksibel sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan. Pengeluaran untuk kegiatan CSR diakui dan dicatat sebagai biaya CSR. Penerapan CSR bergantung pada kebijakan perusahaan. Hal ini dikarenakan belum adanya standar yang menjadi acuan bagi program, pelaksanaan, dana, pengakuan atas pengeluaran CSR, serta pelaporannya. Konsekuensinya, CSR diterapkan secara berbeda oleh PT Telen Prima Sawit.Â