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OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMS IN A FREIGHT RAILWAY COMPANY: "BEST PRACTICES” Pratama, Muhammad Fadhil Evan; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Ekawati
Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): October
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v6i1.21477

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: The accidents at the workplace can affect productivity and public welfare. The occupational safety and health (OSH) program minimizes the case of accidents and illness at the workplace. The study site is a freight railway company with some risks as other transportation businesses. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the company's best practices in OSH programs. Methods: This research is a qualitative design with an online in-depth interview approach to collect the data. The head of the company, Central Java branch, was interviewed as the primary informant while the head of the operational section was the triangulation informant. The researchers also reviewed some documents to validate the interview results. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: inspection, briefing, and training are the main OSH related programs in the company to increase the safety climate in the workplace. However, the company has not implemented the inspection as scheduled, lack of safety materials for the morning briefing, and lack of training for the workers. Conclusion: The freight railway in the study site has implemented some OSH Programs, but the safety briefing, inspection, and OSH training need to be conducted. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Masih tingginya angka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas serta kesejahteraan masyarakat. Untuk mencegah hal tersebut terjadi, diperlukan adanya program keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) di tempat kerja yang merupakan upaya dari perusahaan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kasus kecelakaan kerja dan kasus penyakit akibat kerja. PT.X yang merupakan perusahaan logistik berbasis kereta api ini mempunyai potensi bahaya yang dapat memicu terjadinya kecelakaan di tempat kerja. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui upaya dari perusahaan untuk mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan kerja melalui program K3 yang ada di perusahaan. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu form wawancara mendalam, serta pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring. Informan utama dan triangulasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu kepala cabang dan kepala operasional. Data dianalisis berdasarkan triangulasi metode dan triangulasi sumber. Hasil: Inspeksi, briefing, dan pelatihan merupakan program utama perusahaan yang berkaitan dengan K3, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan iklim K3 di tempat kerja. Tetapi, perusahaan tidak menjalankan inspeksi rutin, kurangnya materi K3 pada saat briefing, dan kurangnya pelatihan pada pekerja. Kesimpulan: Program K3 yang ada di PT. X masing-masing mempunyai kelebihan serta kekurangan, dan menyarankan untuk meningkatkan atau memperbaiki program K3, seperti penerapan inspeksi rutin, adanya pelatihan, dan pemberian materi K3 pada saat briefing.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER WORKERS AND THEIR PREPAREDNESS TO ANTICIPATE FOR COVID-19 AT WORK Afaf, Khansa Salsabila; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Wahyuni, Ida
Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): October
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Kedokteran dan Ilmu Alam (FIKKIA), Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jphrecode.v6i1.21490

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: The Central Java Response COVID-19 website shows, Semarang City has the highest COVID-19 cases in Central Java. The coverage area of Rowosari Community Health Center (CHC) has experienced many COVID-19 cases compared to other areas in Semarang City. Meanwhile, the Srondol CHC has shown a rapid decline in COVID-19 cases. Subsequently, the COVID-19 cases in Krobokan CHC have been recorded as low numbers compared to other CHCs in Semarang City. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the CHC workers' behavior (knowledge, attitude, practice) and the readiness in anticipation of COVID-19 at work. Methods: This study was a quantitative analytic with the google form instrument in collecting the primary data. Meanwhile, secondary data obtained from CHCs, Central Java provincial government, and Semarang City Government were added to enrich the study. The investigators invited 135 persons from the CHC workers. However, only 97 respondents filled the instrument. Results: The majority of respondents were female with a good knowledge of 57 people (58.8%). Respondents with a good attitude were 57 people (58.8%), good practices were 87 people (89.7%), and informed readiness were 88 people (90.7%). There is a significant relationship between knowledge (p-value: 0.002; α: 0.05), attitude (p-value: 0.012; α: 0.05), and practice (p-value: 0.028; α: 0.05) and the readiness of health center officers in anticipation of COVID-19 at work. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Merujuk data pada portal Jateng Tanggap COVID-19, Kota Semarang adalah kota yang mempunyai kasus COVID-19 tertinggi di Jawa Tengah. Dari hasil pantauan data COVID-19 maka daerah sekitar puskesmas Rowosari pernah menjadi wilayah dengan kasus tertinggi di Kota Semarang. Sedangkan wilayah kerja puskesmas Srondol menunjukkan penurunan kasus COVID-19 secara cepat. Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Krobokan dipilih karena kasus COVID-19 tergolong rendah di banding wilayah kerja Puskesmas lainnya. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kesiapan dari petugas Puskesmas dalam antisipasi COVID-19 di wilayah kerja masing masing. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif analitik. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian berbentuk googleform untuk pengumpulan data primer. Sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Puskesmas, pemerintah provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Pemerintah Kota Semarang. Jumlah populasi pada penelitian adalah 135 orang pegawai Puskesmas, namun yang bersedia menjadi responden penelitian hanya 97 orang.  Hasil: Dari 97 responden, mayoritas responden adalah perempuan, responden yang mempunyai pengetahuan baik (58,8%), responden dengan sikap baik (58,8%), praktik yang baik (89,7%) dan siap dalam antisipasi COVID-19 sebanyak (90,7%). Ada hubungan secara signifikan antara pengetahuan (p-value: 0,002; α: 0,05), sikap (p-value: 0,012; α: 0,05), dan praktik (p-value: 0,028; α: 0,05) dengan kesiapan petugas Puskesmas dalam antisipasi COVID-19 di Puskesmas Kota Semarang.
Hubungan antara Perilaku Enam Pesan Kunci dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak dibawah Dua Tahun di Provinsi Jawa Tengah: Association between Six Key Messages Behaviour and Incidence of Stunting in Under-Two-Year-Old Children in Central Java Province Kartasurya, Martha Irene; Asna, Alfi Fairuz; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Nuridzin, Dion Zein; Dharmawan, Ligar Tresna
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 8 No. 1SP (2024): AMERTA NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTARY EDITION
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v8i1SP.2024.83-95

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Background: The stunting prevalence in Central Java Province remains high. Six key messages, i.e. iron tablet supplementation, healthy latrines, exclusive breastfeeding, Integrated Health Care Post (Posyandu) visit, hand washing, and Antenatal Care visit are the efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the behaviour of the six key messages and the stunting prevalence in four districts of Central Java Province. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Brebes Regency, Tegal Regency, Banyumas Regency, and Semarang City with 424 mothers who have under two-year-old children randomly selected as sample. Data were collected by interview using a structured questionnaire with the results grouped into attitude and practices categories. The body’s weight and length were measured by a digital scale and infantometer. Data were analysed using the chi-square test. Results: The findings indicated that 21.5% of children under two had stunting. Besides, behaviour regarding six key messages were mostly good. There was no association between mothers' iron tablet consumption behaviour and the nutritional status of under-two children. There was an association between maternal attitudes about exclusive breastfeeding and knowledge about hand washing with length for age index (p=0.004). There was also an association between antenatal care and Posyandu visits practice with weight for age index (p=0.004 and 0.018). There was a relationship between attitude regarding the use of latrines and the weight for length index (p=0.001). Conclusions: Only the key messages of exclusive breastfeeding attitude, antenatal care visit practice, Posyandu visit practice, and hand washing attitude were associated with the nutritional status of under-two children.
Risiko psikososial pada tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit: A literature review Rahmila, Septa; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Dewi, Endah Kumala
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 18 No. 4 (2024): Volume 18 Nomor 4
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v18i4.408

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Background: Medical personnel who are at the forefront of treating patients generally work optimally and without stopping. The unlimited number of overtime hours and the condition of health workers having to be on standby when needed as well as the erratic workload result in psychosocial risks for health workers. Purpose: To determine the psychosocial risks that occur among health workers in hospital. Method: Systematic literature review research uses the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Context (PICOC) approach. Literature search with the keywords "psychosocial AND health workforce AND psychosocial risk". Identifying 1.006 articles were then filtered according to the topic of discussion to obtain 11 articles related to psychosocial risks to health workers in hospitals. Results: Based on the 11 articles studied, it shows that an ethical culture and low appreciation, monotonous work routines, and transparency of the managerial structure implemented by leaders are factors in increasing self-motivation. The lower the ethical culture, the lower the level of motivation of medical personnel. High emotional pressure with a continuous work system will cause symptoms of depression, resulting in mental damage to health workers. Conclusion: Psychosocial risks that occur in health workers in hospitals include an ethical culture and low rewards, high emotional demands, mental damage, low job control, organizational change management, monotonous work routines, family conflicts, socio-economic status, and risk medical personnel are infected. Suggestion: There needs to be a high ethical culture to build the motivation of health workers to be enthusiastic in serving patients and adjust rewards to work results.   Keywords: Health Worker; Hospital; Psychosocial.   Pendahuluan: Pekerja medis yang menjadi garda terdepan dalam menangani pasien, umumnya bekerja secara maksimal dan tanpa henti. Jumlah lembur yang tidak terbatas dan kondisi tenaga kesehatan yang harus siap siaga apabila diperlukan serta jumlah beban kerja yang tidak menentu mengakibatkan terdapatnya risiko psikososial pada pekerja medis. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui risiko psikososial yang terjadi pada tenaga kesehatan di lingkup rumah sakit. Metode: Penelitian sistematik literature review menggunakan pendekatan Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Context (PICOC). Penelusuran literatur dengan kata kunci “psikososial AND tenaga kerja kesehatan AND risiko psikososial”. Mengidentifikasi 1.006 artikel selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan yang sesuai dengan topik bahasan mendapatkan sebanyak 11 artikel yang terkait mengenai risiko psikososial pada tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit. Hasil: Berdasarkan 11 artikel yang dikaji menunjukkan bahwa, budaya etis dan imbalan yang rendah, rutinitas pekerjaan yang monoton, dan transparansi struktur manajerial oleh pimpinan adalah faktor dalam peningkatan motivasi diri. Semakin rendah budaya etis yang terjadi, maka semakin rendah tingkat motivasi tenaga medis. Tekanan emosional yang tinggi dengan sistem kerja yang terus menerus akan menimbulkan gejala depresi, sehingga mengakibatkan adanya kejadian kerusakan mental pada pekerja kesehatan. Simpulan: Risiko psikososial yang terjadi pada tenaga kesehatan di rumah sakit yang meliputi budaya etis dan imbalan yang rendah, tuntutan emosional yang tinggi, kerusakan mental, kontrol pekerjaan yang rendah, manajemen perubahan organisasi, rutinitas kerja yang monoton, konflik keluarga, status sosial ekonomi, dan risiko tenaga medis terinfeksi. Saran: Perlu adanya budaya etis yang tinggi untuk membangun motivasi tenaga kesehatan agar semangat dalam melayani pasien dan penyesuaian reward terhadap hasil kerja.   Kata Kunci: Psikososial; Rumah Sakit; Tenaga Kesehatan.
Potential Hazards and Associated Causal Factors in the Occupational Environment of Palm Oil Workers Istisya, Afifah Salsabilla; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Setyaningsih, Yuliani
The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijosh.v13i1.2024.116-123

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Introduction:Palm oil workers are exposed to numerous hazards in the work environment associated with accidents and occupational diseases. Work-related accidents are typically influenced by a combination of internal and external factors. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the potential hazards and influencing factors affecting the safety of workers in palm oil gardens. Method: PRISMA guidelines with Boolean operators were used alongside specified keywords "Safety Work ” OR " Health Work " AND " Hazard" AND " Palm Oil ” AND " Worker.” The inclusion criteria for the review included articles published from 2019 to 2023. Results: The results showed that factors psychologically influencing work accidents among palm oil workers included length of service, knowledge, attitudes, as well as the use of PPE, and overtime system. In terms of potential ergonomic hazards, the influencing factors identified were work posture, workload, and repetitive movements while working. From the aspect of potential biological and chemical hazards, the use of PPE when spraying pesticides and cleanliness were found to play a crucial role in the prevention of infection and exposure to chemical materials. Conclusion: Based on the results from several studies, smallholder palm oil workers have the potential to experience occupational accidents and diseases in the form of physical, biological, chemical, and ergonomic hazards. However, by adopting a comprehensive approach to mitigating these complex hazards, stakeholders can create a safer and more sustainable work environment.
Work Safety Culture to Fertilizer Bagging Workers Az-Zahra, Qurratul A'yun; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Setyaningsih, Yuliani
MIX: JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN Vol 15, No 1 (2025): MIX : Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen
Publisher : Universitas Mercu Buana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22441/jurnal_mix.2025.v15i1.001

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Objectives: The performance of a company can be seen from the quality of the workforce in carrying out company activities. In Indonesia there are still many work accidents. In 2020, the Fertilizer Bagging Unit experienced a decrease in the number of accidents, but in 2022 there were fatal work accidents. Even though Government Regulation Number 50 of 2012 has been stipulated, there are still gaps in the field, such as work accidents caused by workers carrying out their work in an unsafe manner, not following the SOPs that have been set, and not using personal protective equipment so that the work culture does not run well. So this research is important to reduce the number of work accidents, and can identify the main factors that cause accidents that occur in the work environment of the Semarang city fertilizer bagging unit.Methodology: This research design uses cross sectional with a quantitative approach. The research location was carried out in the work area of the Fertilizer Bagging Unit of Tanjung Emas Port Semarang. The research time was conducted in June - July. Sampling in this study used purposive sampling, so that the number of samples used was 150. Data processing uses editing, coding, data entry and cleaning. Data analysis using Univariate, bivariate and Multivariate. The test used used Chi Square Test and Logistic Regression.Finding: The research results show that the most significant factor in the work safety culture of fertilizer bagging workers is safety performance with an OR value of 2.210.Conclusion: Factors associated with the implementation of work safety culture are skills, communication, worker participation and safety performance. Company recommendations are expected to implement a reward and punishment system for workers who work not in accordance with regulations and it is hoped that the company will implement an internal and external audit system to evaluate the effectiveness of safety policies.
Identification of Urine Specific Gravity in Female Workers Exposed to Hot Environments in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study Pramesti, Shinta Dwi Surya; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Setyaningsih, Yuliani; Lestantyo, Daru; Purnami, Cahya Tri
Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI) Vol. 8 No. 4: APRIL 2025 - Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI)
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56338/mppki.v8i4.6983

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ntroduction: Dehydration can affect body functions related to temperature regulation and blood circulation. Persistent dehydration can lead to fatigue, impaired concentration, and kidney dysfunction. Workers in labor-intensive environments, such as the brickmaking industry, are at a higher risk due to strenuous physical activity and prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Direct sunlight and the brick-firing process further increase the risk of fluid loss, highlighting the need to assess hydration status among brickmaking workers. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design involving 105 brickmaking workers. Individual characteristic factors, worker habit factors, work factors and work environment factors as independent variables, while the dependent variable was hydration status. Hydration status was measured using reagent strips for urinalysis, and other variables were collected through structured interviews using a questionnaire. Data collection was conducted over a period of 14 days. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test and multiple linear regression to identify the most influential factors. Results: The majority of study subjects were severely dehydrated, as indicated by Urine Specific Gravity (USG) measurements ranging from 1021 to 1030. The highest distribution was found in the USG range of 1026–1030, with a percentage of 36.2%. Significant factors associated with hydration status included water consumption (p = 0.000), physical workload (p = 0.000), and clothing use (p = 0.005). Other factors, such as age, nutritional status, work duration, years of experience, and heat stress, did not show a significant relationship with hydration status. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that water consumption had the most significant influence on hydration status (p=0,000). Conclusion: Water consumption significantly impacts hydration status. These findings highlight the need for hydration education and workplace interventions, such as accessible drinking water and awareness programs, to enhance worker safety and health in brickmaking environments.
Analysis of the Effect of Hypertension Prevention Program on Hypertension Status Among Workers in Manufacturing Companies in Semarang Septiasary, Hanifah; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Setyaningsih, Yuliani
Journal of Social Research Vol. 4 No. 8 (2025): Journal of Social Research
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/josr.v4i7.2678

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Hypertension is a leading non-communicable disease-causing mortality and reducing employee productivity. Its high prevalence in the workplace is linked to lifestyle factors and low awareness of prevention. This study aimed to analyze the effect of hypertension prevention programs on employee awareness and hypertension status in animal feed companies in Semarang. A quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test control groups was employed. From a population of 257 employees, 30 samples were selected for each group. Data were collected via questionnaires and observation sheets. The intervention consisted of a hypertension prevention program including sosialisasi (socialization) about hypertension prevention and routine blood pressure monitoring. Data analysis used paired t-tests and Wilcoxon tests. Sixty subjects participated, with mean ages of 43.87 years (intervention) and 40.23 years (control). In the intervention group, 60% had a family history of hypertension. Significant improvement in awareness was observed in the intervention group (p = 0.000) but not in the control group (p = 0.493). The intervention significantly reduced systolic (p = 0.000) and diastolic (p = 0.012) blood pressure and lowered hypertension prevalence from 63.3% to 40%, whereas the control group showed no change. In conclusion, workplace hypertension prevention programs effectively increase employee awareness and reduce blood pressure and hypertension prevalence. These programs are recommended as preventive strategies in occupational health management.
Studi Komparasi Sebelum dan Sesudah Implementasi Cek Kartu SOP dan Inspeksi terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Bekerja Aman pada Pekerja PT X Kota Semarang Rohmah, Laila Hidayatun Nur; Denny, Hanifa Maher; Ekawati, Ekawati
Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol 5, No 1 (2025): Januari 2025
Publisher : Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jrkm.2025.27710

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Latar belakang: Kepatuhan terhadap keselamatan kerja di salah satu perusahaan di Semarang masih rendah, meskipun telah dilakukan pelatihan dan sosialisasi, terutama dalam penggunaan APD dan kepatuhan pada SOP bekerja secara aman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kepatuhan pekerja terhadap praktik kerja aman sebelum dan sesudah implementasi program Pemeriksaan Kartu SOP dan Inspeksi, serta mengevaluasi efektivitasnya. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuasi-eksperimental dengan desain deret waktu, melibatkan 26 pekerja bengkel sebagai sampel total. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan pemeriksaan kartu SOP, dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam kepatuhan pekerja terhadap protokol keselamatan setelah intervensi. Pada minggu kedua, nilai p=0,725 (> α: 0,05) menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan, namun pada minggu 1, 3, dan 4, nilai p=0,000 (< α: 0,05) mengindikasikan perbedaan signifikan, sehingga H0 ditolak. Temuan inspeksi menunjukkan penurunan pelanggaran keselamatan dari enam pada minggu pertama menjadi satu pada minggu keempat. Pekerja juga semakin teliti mengisi kartu SOP. Simpulan: Program ini terbukti efektif meningkatkan kepatuhan dan mengurangi pelanggaran keselamatan, menegaskan pentingnya intervensi terstruktur untuk menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang lebih aman. Pemantauan berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk mempertahankan hasil ini.
PENERAPAN BUDAYA KESELAMATAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HOSPITAL SURVEY OF PATIENT SAFETY CULTURE (HSOPSC) DI RUMAH SAKIT: LITERATURE REVIEW Mulyawati, Sita Dewi; Setyaningsih, Yuliani; Denny, Hanifa Maher
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): APRIL 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v8i1.23328

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Budaya keselamatan pasien merupakah isu penting bagi manajemen rumah sakit dan faktor penting dalam penurunan kesalahan medis dan pengembangan suatu instansi, maka untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit adalah dengan melakukan evaluasi budaya keselamatan pasien pada tenaga kesehatan. Tujuan dari kajian literatur ini adalah untuk menemukan hasil respon dan melakukan analisis positif dari penerapan budaya keselamatan dengan menggunakan metode Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) pada berbagai rumah sakit di negara lain. Database yang digunakan dalam pencarian data adalah Taylor & Francis Online: Peer-reviewed Journals, Science Direct, dan PubMed. Kata kunci yang digunakan dalam pencarian artikel penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut hospital survey of patient safety culture (HSOPSC), patient safety, dan safety culture. Pencarian artikel dengan tempat penelitian pada berbagai sektor kesehatan diberbagai negara dan jurnal yang telah terpublikasi dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir tahun 2019-2023. Setelah dilakukan penelusuran hingga pemilahan artikel jurnal maka didapatkan 5 judul artikel jurnal yang diambil dan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil kaji literatur diketahui bahwa faktor yang mendukung implementasi budaya keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit antara lain adalah dukungan manajemen, respon non-punitive terhadap error, pembelajaran organisasi, staffing, ekspektasi supervisor atau manajer, kerjasama antar unit, dan kerjasama dalam unit. Sedangkan faktor yang menghambat yaitu pengaruh kondisi lingkungan dan kondisi pribadi, mental dan psikologis tenaga kesehatan dalam menjawab laporan dan hasil yang diperoleh, dan masalah pribadi yang berada diluar kendali hasil penelitian.