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Pertangungjawaban Pidana atas Penyalahgunaan Profesi Wartawan dalam Tindak Pidana Pemerasan Ni Kadek Fitri Noviani; Ni Gusti Agung Ayu Mas Tri Wulandari; I Made Wirya Darma; Dewa Ayu Putri Sukadana
AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis
Publisher : Perhimpunan Sarjana Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37481/jmh.v6i1.1709

Abstract

Freedom of the press in Indonesia is constitutionally guaranteed under Article 28F of the 1945 Constitution as a vital pillar of democracy and freedom of expression. However, this freedom is often misused by individuals posing as journalists to commit extortion, thereby undermining the integrity of the press. This study aims to analyze the form of criminal liability imposed on individuals who abuse the journalist profession to conduct extortion accompanied by threats, as regulated in Article 368 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. Using a normative legal research method with a literature-based approach, this study examines legal doctrines, scholarly works, and relevant legislation, including the Press Law and the Criminal Code. The findings indicate that the principle of lex specialis derogat legi generali cannot be applied to such cases because extortion is a general crime, not a press dispute. Therefore, criminal liability falls entirely under the jurisdiction of general criminal law, not the Press Law. The study concludes that the misuse of journalistic attributes as tools for extortion eliminates press privilege and must be prosecuted as an ordinary criminal offense to safeguard press integrity and uphold legal certainty.
Analisis Yuridis Kepastian Hukum Tanggung Jawab Penyelenggara Insurtech atas Kebocoran Data Pribadi Nasabah Asuransi Digital Komang Aristia Sadia Dewi; Ni Putu Sawitri Nandari; Kadek Januarsa Adi Sudharma; Dewa Ayu Putri Sukadana
AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis
Publisher : Perhimpunan Sarjana Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37481/jmh.v6i2.2003

Abstract

The rapid development of insurtech as a digital innovation in the insurance sector has increased efficiency while simultaneously raising the risk of personal data breaches involving policyholders. This study aims to examine the legal certainty and civil liability of insurtech providers in cases of personal data breaches under Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (UU PDP) and POJK No. 36 of 2024. The research applies a normative legal method using a statute approach, supported by primary legal materials in the form of legislation and secondary materials from scholarly literature. The findings indicate that insurtech providers, as personal data controllers, bear comprehensive responsibilities, including mandatory breach notification within 72 hours, implementation of mitigation and recovery measures, and compensation for material and immaterial losses. While POJK No. 36/2024 emphasizes preventive mechanisms through risk management and governance, the UU PDP provides a more comprehensive framework by incorporating administrative and criminal sanctions. However, gaps remain regarding effective remedial mechanisms and regulatory coordination. Strengthening these aspects is essential to ensure legal certainty, enhance accountability, and protect consumer rights in the digital insurance ecosystem.
Disharmonisasi Norma Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Berbasis Strict Liability dalam Sengketa Konsumen Ni Putu Mirah Henny Herliana; Dewa Ayu Putri Sukadana; Kadek Januarsa Adi Sudharma; Ni Putu Sawitri Nandari
AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis
Publisher : Perhimpunan Sarjana Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37481/jmh.v6i2.2028

Abstract

This study examines the normative inconsistency in regulating business actors’ liability under Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, particularly in relation to the application of strict liability. The main problem arises from the coexistence of different liability regimes, namely strict liability, fault-based liability, and presumption of liability, without clear conceptual boundaries. This situation creates legal uncertainty and weakens the position of consumers. The research aims to analyze this inconsistency and propose a conceptual reconstruction to achieve legal coherence. This study applies a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches, focusing on Articles 19(1), 19(5), and 28 of the law. The findings show that the overlap of liability models leads to ambiguity in interpretation and inconsistent law enforcement, which enables business actors to avoid responsibility. This condition is not in line with the principles of legal certainty and justice within the welfare state framework. Therefore, clearer differentiation of liability regimes is required through legislative clarification or judicial guidelines so that strict liability can function effectively in protecting consumers and ensuring fair business practices.
Problematika Pengakuan Hukum Adat dan Kepastian Hukum dalam Surat Pernyataan Waris di Bawah Tangan Berbasis Konsep Purusa I Ketut Abdi Jayantara; Dewa Ayu Putri Sukadana; I Nyoman Budiana; Agung Ayu Intan Puspadewi
AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis
Publisher : Perhimpunan Sarjana Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37481/jmh.v6i2.2071

Abstract

This study addresses the legal uncertainty surrounding privately executed Statements of Inheritance (Surat Pernyataan Waris/SPW) in Indonesia, particularly when such documents are grounded in the purusa concept of Balinese customary law. While previous studies have discussed either evidentiary law or customary inheritance separately, limited attention has been given to their intersection within the framework of legal pluralism. This research aims to examine the legal validity of SPW under Indonesian positive law and to assess its evidentiary strength when influenced by the purusa principle. The study employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches, focusing on provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code and constitutional recognition of customary law. The findings indicate that an SPW, as a private deed, has limited probative value and cannot serve as conclusive evidence without acknowledgment or supporting proof. Although the purusa concept provides strong sociocultural legitimacy in determining heirs, its application does not automatically fulfill formal legal requirements. Consequently, an SPW based on purusa must be aligned with the national legal system to ensure legal certainty and enforceability in inheritance disputes.