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Appe Hutauruk
Universitas Mpu Tantular
Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Neuroscience Physics Social Sciences Other

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IMPLEMENTASI WANPRESTASI DALAM PENJUALAN MELALUI MEKANISME LELANG: ANALISIS PUTUSAN NOMOR 1017/Pdt.G/2023/PN JKT.BRT Anwar; Appe Hutauruk; M. Amin Saleh; Hotman Sinambela
Law and Communication Journal Vol 2 No 1 (2026): Kajian Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen
Publisher : PT Sanagi Edu Konsultan

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Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis permasalahan wanprestasi yang timbul dalam pelaksanaan penjualan melalui mekanisme lelang dengan studi terhadap Putusan Nomor 1017/Pdt.G/2023/PN Jkt.Brt. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada dua permasalahan utama, yaitu ketentuan hukum mengenai lelang menurut sistem hukum perdata Indonesia serta pertimbangan hakim dalam menilai terjadinya wanprestasi dalam perkara tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang‑undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Data diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap berbagai sumber hukum primer dan sekunder, antara lain Kitab Undang‑Undang Hukum Perdata, Undang‑Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 122 Tahun 2023 tentang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Lelang, serta putusan pengadilan yang menjadi objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wanprestasi dalam transaksi yang berkaitan dengan lelang dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi pihak lain sehingga memerlukan penyelesaian melalui mekanisme hukum. Pertimbangan hakim dalam perkara yang dianalisis menunjukkan bahwa pengadilan menilai secara komprehensif bukti yang diajukan para pihak serta menerapkan ketentuan hukum perdata secara proporsional. Dengan demikian, putusan tersebut memberikan gambaran mengenai penerapan prinsip kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan dalam penyelesaian sengketa wanprestasi yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan lelang.
KONSTRUKSI KEADILAN SUBSTANTIF DALAM PERLINDUNGAN HAK PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK PADA SENGKETA PERCERAIAN TRANSNASIONAL Natan, Antonius; Hutauruk, Appe; Sinambela, Hotman
Law Studies and Justice Journal (LAJU) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Law Studies and Justice Journal
Publisher : Penelitian dan Pengembangan Ilmu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62207/h9qrmc92

Abstract

Perceraian dalam ekuilibrium perkawinan transnasional di Indonesia mengonstruksi kompleksitas Hukum Perdata Internasional (HPI) yang secara persisten memarjinalisasi hak-hak fundamental perempuan dan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi manifestasi keadilan substantif melalui instrumen perlindungan hak perempuan dan anak dalam konstelasi hukum positif Indonesia dan praksis hukum progresif. Mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma normatif-yuridis, studi ini menganalisis Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Mataram Nomor 198/Pdt.G/2024/PN Mtr sebagai lokus kajian utama. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa implementasi prinsip keadilan substantif oleh majelis hakim mampu mendekonstruksi rigiditas formalisme hukum dalam mengadjudikasi sengketa lintas yurisdiksi. Integritas yudisial yang berlandaskan pada perlindungan hak asasi manusia teridentifikasi sebagai determinan krusial dalam mengeliminasi defisiensi sistem hukum internasional. Studi ini mengkonklusikan bahwa transformasi peran hakim, dari sekadar corong undang-undang (la bouche de la loi) menjadi arsitek keadilan substantif, merupakan imperatif mutlak guna menjamin preskripsi martabat manusia dan kepentingan terbaik anak (the best interest of the child) di tengah dinamika hukum global yang problematis.
REDEFINISI BATAS KEWENANGAN BADAN PENGELOLA APARTEMEN DALAM PEMUTUSAN UTILITAS DASAR DALAM PERSPEKTIF CONSUMER PROTECTION DAN HUMAN RIGHTS Robert L Simanungkalit; Ruby W H Oktolina Samosir; Edmon Derson Simamora; Appe Hutauruk; Hotman Sinambela
Jurnal Humaniora & Sosial Sains Vol 3 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Pojok Publisher

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Abstract

Artikel ini menganalisis keabsahan tindakan tersebut melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan pisau analisis Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK), hukum perjanjian, dan hukum pidana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan utilitas vital sebagai “alat sandera” merupakan bentuk penyalahgunaan relasi kuasa (abuse of power) dan dikategorikan sebagai tindakan main hakim sendiri (eigenrichting). Klausula dalam House Rules yang melegitimasi tindakan tersebut dinyatakan batal demi hukum karena melanggar larangan klausula baku dalam Pasal 18 UUPK dan bertentangan dengan asas kepatutan. Penulisan ini merekomendasikan perlunya intervensi regulator untuk melakukan standardisasi tata tertib hunian guna menjamin hak dasar konsumen tanpa menegasikan hak finansial pengelola melalui mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang lebih beradab dan proporsional.
Pre-trial Review of Preliminary Evidence Examination in Tax-Related Criminal Offenses Following the Enactment of the New Criminal Procedure Code Adalin Ali; Appe Hutauruk; Hotman Sinambela; Mutia Sakti
Law Development Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.8.2.873-888

Abstract

Preliminary evidence examination (pemeriksaan bukti permulaan or bukper) in Indonesian taxation is conducted before a case is elevated to investigation and aims to obtain preliminary evidence of an alleged tax crime. In practice, several actions taken by examiners particularly the borrowing of documents and the acquisition of electronic data, resemble coercive measures under criminal procedural law. This study analyses the legality of bukper procedures, the legal status of evidence borrowing, and the implications for pretrial review following the enactment of Law Number 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), effective since 2 January 2026. It employs normative legal research using statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, examining nine pretrial rulings and two Constitutional Court decisions. The findings show that bukper is normatively equivalent to inquiry and should contain no coercive measures; that evidence borrowing not genuinely based on the taxpayer's voluntary consent qualifies as a seizure-like action requiring district court authorization; and that the lex specialist argument cannot justify derogation from KUHAP where the legal basis is merely a ministerial regulation. Constitutional Court Decision Number 83/PUU-XXI/2023 declared both paragraph (1) and paragraph (4) of Article 43A of the General Tax Provisions Law (UU KUP) conditionally unconstitutional, so that even the delegation of bukper procedures to a ministerial regulation may not concern coercive measures. The new KUHAP reinforces this position. The study recommends regulating bukper at the statutory level with judicial control mechanisms.
ANALYSIS OF THE POLICY ON RESTRICTIONS ON REMISSIONS FOR CORRUPTION CRIMINAL OFFENDERS Andri Kurnia; Muh. Amin Saleh; Muhenri Sihotang; Appe Hutauruk
JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), June 2026
Publisher : International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/jirpl.v7i3.692

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the policy of limiting remissions for corruption convicts in the Indonesian legal system, particularly regarding the consistency between the rehabilitative objectives of the correctional system and the special treatment of corruption as an extraordinary crime. The main focus of this study is to evaluate whether the tightening of remission requirements in Government Regulation Number 99 of 2012 is in line with the principles stipulated in Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections. The research method used is normative juridical with a statutory approach (statute-government-regulation approach) and a conceptual approach (conceptual-government-regulation approach). Data were collected through a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, including an analysis of Sahardjo’s correctional theory and Romli Atmasasmita’s extraordinary crime theory. The results show that limiting remissions for corruptors through additional requirements such as justice collaborator status and payment of compensation reflects a differentiated dimension in criminal policy to strengthen the deterrent effect. However, legally, this policy creates a tension between norms and the rights of prisoners guaranteed by the Corrections Law, which prioritizes rehabilitation. The implementation of this policy represents the state’s effort to uphold substantive justice for the wider community due to the impact of systemic corruption. This study concludes that although corruption requires extraordinary measures, the policy of limiting remissions must maintain a balance between the deterrent aspect and the primary goal of corrections, namely social reintegration. Regulatory harmonization is needed so that special treatment for corruptors does not negate the basic human rights of inmates.
PROBLEMS OF PROVIDING AND LEGALITY OF EVIDENCE IN THE CRIMINAL ACTS OF TRAFFICKING NARCOTICS CLASS I NON-PLANT Aswin Suwardi; Appe Hutauruk; Hotman Sinambela; Fendi Maruba Parlindungan Hutahaean
JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), June 2026
Publisher : International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/jirpl.v7i3.696

Abstract

The crime of trafficking in Class I narcotics, not plants, is an extraordinary crime and poses significant obstacles for law enforcement officials in the criminal evidence process. This study aims to examine and analyze the evidentiary process and the legality of evidence in this crime, as well as to identify strategies to improve investigators’ skills in collecting and analyzing evidence to address the dynamics of illicit drug trafficking networks. The research method used is a normative method with a legislative and conceptual approach. The legal sources used include primary legal materials in the form of narcotics-related legislation and criminal procedure law, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of scientific literature and books. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to produce systematic conclusions. The results show that the evidentiary system for trafficking in Class I narcotics, not plants, combines the general provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code (the negative wettelijk principle) with the special provisions (lex specialis) of Law Number 35 of 2009. This regulation broadens the scope of evidence by recognizing electronic information and documents as valid indicative evidence. In addition, to overcome the dynamic modus operandi, investigators’ skills must be improved through mastery of digital forensics, strengthening cross-institutional cooperation (National Police, National Narcotics Agency, Prosecutor’s Office, Forensic Laboratory), and optimizing special investigative techniques such as wiretapping, undercover buying, and controlled delivery so that the fulfillment of a minimum of two valid pieces of evidence that guarantee legal certainty, justice, and the protection of human rights can be realized.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT TOWARDS LEGAL CERTAINTY AND JUSTICE IN AN AGREEMENT Tumpal Haojahan Sihombing; Muh Amin Saleh; Muhenri Sihotang; Appe Hutauruk
JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), June 2026
Publisher : International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/jirpl.v7i3.701

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the principle of freedom of contract in Indonesian positive law and its implications for legal certainty and justice for the parties in an agreement. The main focus of this study is directed at how to balance individual autonomy (party autonomy) with legal protection for parties with weaker bargaining power, especially in the use of standard contracts. The research method used is normative juridical with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Data were collected through a literature study of primary legal materials such as the Civil Code and relevant secondary and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the principle of freedom of contract as regulated in Article 1338 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code has provided legal certainty through the principle of pacta sunt servanda. However, in practice, this legal certainty is often formalistic and tends to benefit parties who are economically and informationally dominant. Substantive justice is often neglected when freedom of contract is used as an instrument of exploitation through disproportionate exoneration clauses. This study concludes that freedom of contract is not absolute, but must be limited by the principles of good faith, propriety, and public order in order to create a balance of rights and obligations that is just for all parties.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CHILD PROTECTION IMPLEMENTATION IN HANDLING SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN INDONESIA Muhammad Nasir; Appe Hutauruk; Hotman Sinambela; Fendi Maruba Parlindungan Hutahaean
JILPR Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): Journal Indonesia Law and Policy Review (JILPR), June 2026
Publisher : International Peneliti Ekonomi, Sosial dan Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56371/jirpl.v7i3.705

Abstract

Child sexual exploitation is a form of human rights violation that has serious impacts on children’s physical, mental, and social development. Although the government has enacted Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection as the primary legal instrument for protecting children, the practice of child sexual exploitation continues to show alarming figures. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statute approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The data used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials obtained through literature studies. All legal materials are analyzed qualitatively using descriptive-analytical methods to obtain an overview of the conformity between legal provisions and their application in practice. The results of the study indicate that Law Number 35 of 2014 has regulated legal protection for child victims of sexual exploitation comprehensively through provisions regarding prevention, special protection, the imposition of criminal sanctions on perpetrators, and the restoration of victims’ rights. However, its implementation has not been running optimally because there are still various obstacles, including limited coordination between agencies, low capacity of law enforcement officers, lack of courage among victims to report, and minimal rehabilitation facilities and psychosocial support.
Reconstructing Standards for the Assessment of Electronic Evidence in Indonesian Civil Procedure from the Perspective of ISO/IEC 27037:2012 Appe Hutauruk; Adalin Ali; Hotman Sinambela
Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam Vol. 13 No. 1 (2026): Politica: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam
Publisher : Prodi Tata Negara (Siyasah) IAIN Langsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/politica.v13i1.15704

Abstract

Article 5 of Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transactions Law recognizes electronic evidence as legally valid. However, civil procedure, which still relies on the Herzien Inlandsch Reglement/Rechtreglement voor de Buitengewesten (HIR/RBg), lacks procedural standards to ensure the integrity of electronic evidence. Unlike criminal proceedings supported by investigators and forensic laboratories, civil litigants independently collect, store, and submit electronic evidence, creating risks of manipulation and inconsistent judicial assessment. This study examines the normative gap concerning the chain of custody of electronic evidence and proposes ISO/IEC 27037:2012 as a framework for judicial evaluation. Employing normative juridical research with statutory, conceptual, comparative, and case approaches, the study analyzes Decision No. 258/Pdt.G/2023/PN Blb, supported by Constitutional Court Decision No. 20/PUU-XIV/2016 as its doctrinal foundation. The findings reveal that the court assessed WhatsApp screenshots using the doctrine applicable to documentary photocopies rather than Articles 5 and 6 of the ITE Law, admitting even photocopies of photocopies without examining the original electronic data. The absence of acquisition and preservation standards leaves the evidentiary value of electronic evidence dependent on judicial discretion, creating the potential for inconsistent decisions. To address this deficiency, the study proposes a three-pillar framework: imposing a bewijsvoering obligation on the submitting party, adopting the four stages and four principles of ISO/IEC 27037:2012 as judicial assessment criteria, and strengthening the role of accredited digital forensic experts. Consistent with Federal Rules of Evidence Rules 902(13)–902(14) and the doctrine of spoliation of evidence, this framework can be implemented through a Supreme Court Regulation, shifting judicial assessment from evaluating only electronic content to examining the integrity of evidence acquisition, preservation, and authentication.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PILIHAN HUKUM TERHADAP KONFLIK KONTRAK BISNIS INTERNASIONAL ANTARA PELAKU USAHA INDONESIA DAN MITRA ASING Syeni Adriana Lasut; FX Suyud Margono; Bahori Ahoen; Appe Hutauruk
Collegium Studiosum Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Collegium Studiosum Journal
Publisher : LPPM STIH Awang Long

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56301/csj.v9i1.2379

Abstract

Globalisasi ekonomi telah meningkatkan intensitas hubungan bisnis internasional yang melibatkan pelaku usaha Indonesia dengan mitra asing. Hubungan hukum tersebut diwujudkan melalui kontrak bisnis internasional yang umumnya memuat klausul pilihan hukum (choice of law) sebagai dasar penentuan hukum yang mengatur hak dan kewajiban para pihak. Meskipun asas kebebasan berkontrak memberikan kewenangan kepada para pihak untuk menentukan hukum yang berlaku, Indonesia hingga saat ini belum memiliki pengaturan Hukum Perdata Internasional yang komprehensif mengenai penerapan choice of law. Kondisi tersebut menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum, khususnya ketika terjadi sengketa yang melibatkan perbedaan sistem hukum, yurisdiksi, dan pelaksanaan putusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaturan hukum mengenai penerapan pilihan hukum dalam kontrak bisnis internasional antara pelaku usaha Indonesia dan mitra asing, mengidentifikasi hambatan yuridis dalam penerapannya, serta merumuskan konsep pengaturan hukum yang ideal guna mewujudkan kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan kemanfaatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi bahan hukum primer berupa Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa, serta berbagai instrumen hukum internasional, antara lain UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts 2015, dan Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958. Bahan hukum sekunder diperoleh dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, hasil penelitian, dan pendapat para ahli hukum, yang dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan choice of law dalam kontrak bisnis internasional pada prinsipnya merupakan perwujudan asas kebebasan berkontrak dan telah diterima dalam praktik perdagangan internasional. Namun, implementasinya di Indonesia masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, antara lain belum adanya kodifikasi Hukum Perdata Internasional, belum adanya pengaturan yang tegas mengenai batas-batas pilihan hukum, serta masih bergantung pada doktrin, yurisprudensi, dan asas ketertiban umum (public policy). Penelitian ini menawarkan rekonstruksi pengaturan hukum melalui pembentukan Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Internasional yang secara komprehensif mengatur pilihan hukum, pilihan forum, pengakuan dan pelaksanaan putusan asing, serta harmonisasi dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum perdagangan internasional. Reformulasi tersebut diharapkan mampu memberikan kepastian hukum, meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap pelaku usaha Indonesia, serta mendukung terciptanya iklim investasi dan perdagangan internasional yang lebih adil, efektif, dan kompetitif.
Co-Authors Abizar Algifari Adalin Ali Adzim Munawali Akhmad Ramadhan Harahap Ananda, Selvira Paulina Andri Kurnia Anwar Aswin Suwardi Bahori Ahoen Baihaqi Ramadhan Daniel Mari Hot Nababan Dede Ardiansyah Ebit Kartono Mandala Putra Edmon Derson Simamora Eko Dwi Suryanto Faizal Imam Muharam Fendi Maruba Parlindungan Hutahaean Franky Bangkit Sumardi FX Suyud Margono Heru Mario Hotman Sinambela Hotman Sinambela Indra Jaya Indra Jaya Indriastuti, Desy Jaozi Jaya, Setia Jody Agy Napitupulu Jois Candra Panjaitan Lamhot Hutahaean M. Amin Saleh Martua Manik Muchamad Ariyanto Pradana Muh Amin Saleh Muhammad Amin Saleh Al-Habsy Muhammad Nasir Muhenri Sihotang Mutia Sakti Nana Kurnia Natan, Antonius Ngatiyono Nurkenda Rasman Rasman Robert L Simanungkalit Rompas, Jopie Tommy Rony Hutahaean Ruby W H Oktolina Samosir Selamat Rapama Sihombing Sendi Sanjaya Shinta Maharani Sihotang, Muhenri Simanungkalit, Robert L Simanungkalit, Robert L. Sinambela, Hotman Stanisius Leo Suharyono Sunarno Sutan Sulaiman Syeni Adriana Lasut Taberima, Victor Arthur Taufik Maulana, Taufik Tricia Elisabeth Napitupulu Tridianto, Ari Tumpal Haojahan Sihombing Yusuf Chornia