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Beauveria bassiana FUNGUS AS A BIOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF Bactrocera carambolae ON CHILI PLANTS Helma Fitriani; Jantje Ngangi; Helen J Lawalata
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Chili plants are an important horticultural crop for the Indonesian population. Still, in the context of pest control, the use of insecticides to manage the OPT is proving to be increasingly problematic for the environment and human health as a result of their ability to decimate microscopic organisms present in the soil so that as decomposers or decomposer microorganisms and earthworms perish, the soil would ultimately become more barren. Therefore, it needs to be overcome by finding other alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and reduce the negative impact of pesticides. This study aimed to determine an environmentally friendly alternative biological control using the Beauveria bassiana fungus. This study used an experimental method with five treatments and three replicates, notably spore concentration using B. bassiana 6g, 7g, 8g, 9g, and control. The use of this fungus is simple and does not incur significant costs. From the results of data collection, the Beauveria bassiana fungus is effective in killing carambolae with a fast mortality rate at a concentration of 9 g/500 ml of water (86.7%), and the slowest concentration is at 6 g/500 ml of water (63.4%).

IDENTIFICATION OF ANTS (Formicidae) IN THE MANGROVE FOREST AREA OF TATENGESAN VILLAGE, SOUTHEAST MINAHASA Delvy Regina Leunufna; Debby Jacqueline Jochebed Rayer; Christny Ferdina Evie Rompas; Helen Joan Lawalata; Livana Dethris Rawung
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v4i2.6275

Ants are a group of social insects that belong to the order Hymenoptera and the Family Formicidae. This study aims to determine the type of ants (Formicidae) in the Mangrove Area of Tatengesan Village, Southeast Minahasa. This research occurred in Tatengesan Village, Posumaen District, Southeast Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. The research method uses a purposive sampling method with the placement of the paths determined based on considerations taking into account the physical and biological conditions that affect the presence of ants in the field. Observation lines were made in as many as three transects, each with four observation plots. Data was collected using adhesive paper traps (Fly Sheet) and direct capture method (hand collecting) and analyzed using the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, species richness index, and species evenness index. Placement of self-adhesive paper on each transect, including lower tree stratum, highest tide limit, middle tree stratum, and upper tree stratum. Based on the results of the research on the observation transect, there were five genera, namely Anoplolepis with 25 individual ants, Camponotus with 31 individual ants, Crematogaster with 98 individual ants, Oecophylla 2168 ants, and Tetraponera 6 individual ants from 6 species of ants consisting of Anoplolepis gracilipes, Camponotus atriceps, Camponotus sp., Crematogaster scutellaris, Oecophylla smaragdina, and Tetraponera nigra. The highest number of genera obtained was Oecophylla, the highest number of species was Oecophylla smaragdina, and the number of individuals caught was 2168.

ECHINODERM COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN TAMBA BEACH, NORTH MINAHASA REGENCY, NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE Jelita Pricilya Tompolumiu; Verawati Ida Yani Roring; Nova Laurin Isye Mourein Ogi; Nonny Manampiring; Helen Joan Lawalata
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v4i2.6391

Tamba Beach has several ecosystems, namely seagrass beds, sandy and rocky. Ecologically, seagrass beds are home to marine life, including Echinodermata. Echinoderms play an important role as an integral part of the food chain, eating organic waste. The purpose of this study was to analyze the community structure of Echinoderms at Station I (Seagrass Zone), Station II (Sandy Zone) and Station III (Coral Zone). Two methods are used in this study. The first is a qualitative description method by directly observing and quantitatively calculating the diversity index, uniformity index, dominance and abundance index formulas. The echinoderms found consisted of 4 classes, namely Holothuidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea and class Asteroidea. The echinoderms found at the study site used a diversity index classified as stable. The dominance index is low because there are no dominant individuals, and the uniformity index is low. From the results obtained from the abundance in Tamba Beach, the highest value was in the Diadema setosum species with 113 individuals. Diadema setosum has the highest quantity at the three existing stations. This species can adapt to environmental changes.

INVENTARISATION OF ORCHID TYPES (Orchidaceae) IN WEST TOMOHON AREA Miracle Abbighael Varencia Welan; Verawati Ida Yani Roring; Helen Joan Lawalata
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v4i2.6585

This study aims to inventory orchid species in the West Tomohon area using the accidental sampling method of exploration in a predetermined place. Orchids are a type of flowering plant that comes from the Orchidaceae family. Each type of orchid has its own characteristics. Tomohon City has abundant natural resources, including ornamental plants such as orchids. Data on orchid diversity in West Tomohon Sub-district has never been reported. Orchid inventory is an activity that records the diversity of orchid species in an area. This research is descriptive-qualitative research. The results of this study have yielded 10 species of orchids belonging to nine genera in one family. The orchid species found in the West Tomohon area consist of Arachnis sp., Arundina graminifolia, Cattleya sp., Dendrobium biggibum, Dendrobium moschatum, Epidendrum secundum, Oncidium flexuosum, Phaius tankervilleae, Phalaenopsis amabilis, and Vanda arcuata. The most common orchid found in this area is the moon orchid, Phalaenopsis amabilis.

Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Sebagai Insektisida Alami Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica) Melany Piri; Herry M Sumampouw; Emma Mauren Moko; Decky W Kamagi; Helen Lawalata
JURNAL BIOS LOGOS Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022): JURNAL BIOS LOGOS
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jbl.v12i2.41034

The house fly (Musca domestica) is a vector of mechanical transmission of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid. One way to control house flies is to use plant-based insecticides. Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) can be used as insecticides because of the enzymes saponins, flavonoids, and papain which are toxic to insects. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of papaya leaf extract as a natural insecticide for house flies. The concentration of papaya leaf extract used was 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% with 3 replications. Each treatment unit contained 10 house flies. Extract application by spraying directly on house flies. The number of house fly deaths was calculated at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 hours. Data were analyzed using One Way Anova test. The result of this research was all the sig values are 0.00 < 0.05, which means that there was a significant difference in the number of house flies deaths at each concentration. In conclusion, the most effective concentration of papaya leaf extract to kill 100% of house flies was at a concentration of 60% after 6 hours of treatment.Keywords: house fly; natural insecticide; papaya leafÂ ABSTRAKSalah satu vektor penularan penyakit menular mekanis seperti diare, disentri, kolera, tipes adalah lalat rumah (Musca domestica). Salah satu cara pengendalian lalat rumah adalah menggunakan insektisida nabati. Daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) mengandung enzim saponin, flavonoid, dan papain yang bersifat racun bagi serangga sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai insektisida alami atau insektisida nabati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun pepaya sebagai insektisida nabati lalat rumah menggunakan 5 perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar daun pepaya yakni 0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, dan 60% serta 3 ulangan, setiap unit perlakuan menggunakan 10 ekor lalat rumah, aplikasi ekstrak kasar daun pepaya dengan cara disemprotkan pada lalat rumah, jumlah kematian lalat rumah dihitung pada jam ke-1,2,3,4,5,6 dan 24 jam setelah aplikasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova. Hasil penelitian diperoleh semua nilai sig 0,00 < 0,05 yang berarti terdapat perbedaan bermakna jumlah kematian lalat pada setiap pemberian konsentrasi ekstrak daun pepaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak daun pepaya yang paling efektif untuk membunuh 100% lalat rumah adalah konsentrasi 60% setelah 6 jam perlakuan.Kata kunci: daun pepaya; insektisida alami; lalat rumah

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF PGPR FERTILIZER USE ON GROWTH ACCELERATION OF CHERRY TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) Genade Kojongian; Orbanus Naharia; Helen Lawalata
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2022): April 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v3i1.4412

Cherry tomatoes are a type or commodity of horticulture that has a very relatively high economic value compared to ordinary tomatoes. Cherry tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum var,. cerasiforme. It is one of the local plants that is neglected and not used and is often considered as a wild plant. This study aims to determine the effect of PGPR fertilizer application on the growth of cherry tomato plants. This research was carried out in the urban village). Rerewokan, West Tondano sub-district starting from August to November 2021. The method used is a quantitative method with the type of experimental research in the form of a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with five types of treatment, each repeated four times. P1 = without using fertilizer, P2 = 100ml, P3 = 200ml, P4 = 300ml, P5 = 400ml, so there were 20 treatment combinations, and the data obtained were then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). From the results of this study, it showed that good plant height growth was found in treatment P4 with the application of a mixture of PGPR fertilizer concentration of 300ml / 2 liters of water, because there was the most effective growth, while the growth in the number of leaves and the number of fruits was very good in treatment P2 with the addition of a mixture. PGPR fertilizer concentration 100ml / 2 liters of water.

STUDY OF MANGROVE VEGETATION COMMUNITY AT BUNAKEN NATIONAL PARK AREA, TELING VILLAGE Febiola Gabriela Tular; Helen J Lawalata; Marthy L. S. Taulu
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v3i3.5592

Mangrove vegetation generally grows to form a zoning starting from a beach to a view of meters inland. Mangrove zoning consists of Avicennia plant species that face directly toward the sea and behind or on the edge of the Avicennia plant. There is the Riophora plant. Towards the mainland, there are Bruguiera plants and, finally, the Ceriops plant which grows and interacts with small bushes. Each type of Mangrove plant has a level; the first is the seedling level, the second is the sapling level, the third is the pole level, and the fourth is the tree level. This study aims to analyze the Mangrove Vegetation Community in Bunaken Nation Park, Teling Village, using a descriptive survey method and constructing three transects, which are transected measuring 10×10 m2, 5×5 m2, and 2×2 m2. The result on each transect shows that in Bunaken National Park, Teling Village, there were types of Mangrove Vegetation Communities, namely Avicennia plant species with a total of 129, Rhizophora plant species with a capacity of 122 and Bruguiera plant species with a total of 91, where each plant type it has levels with different numbers.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE TYPE OF FERNS IN THE FOREST AREA OF NOONGAN VILLAGE Yosua Linu; Helen J Lawalata; Rievo Djarang
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v4i1.5782

Ferns (Pteridophyta) are spore-forming cormophytes that can live in a variety of habitats both as epiphytes, terrestrial and aquatic. In the forest area of Noongan Village, many potentials play an important role in developing forest ecosystems. One such potential is ferns. The results of the study were eight types of ferns in the forest area of Noongan village which were divided into two plots of 50x50 meters at different heights, namely plot I at an altitude of 610 masl with a total of 380 ferns with the percentage: Paku Garuda (Pteridium aquilinium) 0.20 %, Elephant fern (Angiopetris avecta Hoofm) 0.01%, Red rane fern (Selaginella australis) 0.01%, Paku Kikir (Stenosomia Sp.) 0.14%, Ferret fern (Nephrolepis biserrataSchott.) 0, 21%, cecerenean fern (Nephrolepis falcata) 0.16%, suplir fern (Adiantum.) 0.12%, andam fern (Dicranopetris linearis) 0.12%. And plot II at an altitude of 869 meters above sea level with a total of 179 ferns with a percentage of: Garuda fern (Pteridium aquilinium) 0.21%, elephant fern (Angiopetris avectaHoofm) 0.01%, miserly fern (Stenosomia Sp.) 0, 17%, Paku harupat (Nephrolepis biserrate Schott.) 0.21%, Paku cecerenean (Nephrolepis falcata) 0.15%, Suplir (Adiantum.) 0.10%, Paku andam (Dicranopetris linearis) 0.12%. In the plot I, the types and number of ferns were higher than the types and numbers of ferns in plot II. No red fern (Selaginella australis) was found in plot II. And the plant species Paku Harupat (Nephrolepis biserrata Schott). The red fern has the highest number, and the red fern (Selaginella australis.) has the least amount. The difference in altitude greatly affects the surrounding environment. So that these differences greatly affect the number of types and numbers of ferns

Beauveria bassiana FUNGUS AS A BIOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR THE CONTROL OF Bactrocera carambolae ON CHILI PLANTS Helma Fitriani; Jantje Ngangi; Helen J Lawalata
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v4i1.5866

Chili plants are an important horticultural crop for the Indonesian population. Still, in the context of pest control, the use of insecticides to manage the OPT is proving to be increasingly problematic for the environment and human health as a result of their ability to decimate microscopic organisms present in the soil so that as decomposers or decomposer microorganisms and earthworms perish, the soil would ultimately become more barren. Therefore, it needs to be overcome by finding other alternatives that are more environmentally friendly and reduce the negative impact of pesticides. This study aimed to determine an environmentally friendly alternative biological control using the Beauveria bassiana fungus. This study used an experimental method with five treatments and three replicates, notably spore concentration using B. bassiana 6g, 7g, 8g, 9g, and control. The use of this fungus is simple and does not incur significant costs. From the results of data collection, the Beauveria bassiana fungus is effective in killing carambolae with a fast mortality rate at a concentration of 9 g/500 ml of water (86.7%), and the slowest concentration is at 6 g/500 ml of water (63.4%).

IDENTIFICATION OF ANTS (Formicidae) IN THE MANGROVE FOREST AREA OF TATENGESAN VILLAGE, SOUTHEAST MINAHASA Delvy Regina Leunufna; Debby Jacqueline Jochebed Rayer; Christny Ferdina Evie Rompas; Helen Joan Lawalata; Livana Dethris Rawung
Indonesian Biodiversity Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2023): August 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Manado

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53682/ibj.v4i2.6275

Ants are a group of social insects that belong to the order Hymenoptera and the Family Formicidae. This study aims to determine the type of ants (Formicidae) in the Mangrove Area of Tatengesan Village, Southeast Minahasa. This research occurred in Tatengesan Village, Posumaen District, Southeast Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. The research method uses a purposive sampling method with the placement of the paths determined based on considerations taking into account the physical and biological conditions that affect the presence of ants in the field. Observation lines were made in as many as three transects, each with four observation plots. Data was collected using adhesive paper traps (Fly Sheet) and direct capture method (hand collecting) and analyzed using the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, species richness index, and species evenness index. Placement of self-adhesive paper on each transect, including lower tree stratum, highest tide limit, middle tree stratum, and upper tree stratum. Based on the results of the research on the observation transect, there were five genera, namely Anoplolepis with 25 individual ants, Camponotus with 31 individual ants, Crematogaster with 98 individual ants, Oecophylla 2168 ants, and Tetraponera 6 individual ants from 6 species of ants consisting of Anoplolepis gracilipes, Camponotus atriceps, Camponotus sp., Crematogaster scutellaris, Oecophylla smaragdina, and Tetraponera nigra. The highest number of genera obtained was Oecophylla, the highest number of species was Oecophylla smaragdina, and the number of individuals caught was 2168.

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