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Cranial Nerves and Plexuses Optic Nerve (N.II) Rizqi, Amanda Suana; Sugiyanto, Aqilla Nasywa Nabila; Febianisa, Tabitha Afifah; Zulkifli, Yasmin Sabrina; Paradiesta, Andi Frieskha Naurah; Azzahra, Anis Aura; Rofilah, Alita Khainur; Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy; Haikal, Muhammad; Rifki, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10124

Abstract

Cranial nerves are an integral part of the peripheral nervous system, playing a crucial role in transmitting afferent and efferent nerve impulses, particularly in the head and neck area. Unlike spinal nerves, cranial nerves have distinct functional nuclei in the brainstem, grouped into sensory (posterior and lateral) and motor (anterior) nuclei. The optic nerve is a purely afferent (sensory) nerve, responsible for transmitting visual information from rod and cone receptors in the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC) in the thalamus. The optic nerve's innervation pathway begins with retinal ganglion cells, which form nerve fibers, pass through the optic canal, and then cross at the optic chiasm. Disruption of this pathway can lead to various clinical manifestations, such as vision loss or visual field impairment, which will be discussed further. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the optic nerve is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of neuro-ophthalmological conditions.
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone, Tendon, and Soft Tissue: Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations Yulianti, Arwinda Febri; Paerdoe, Lalu Dane Pemban; Hidayat, Rahmat; Qindi, Ahmad Sa`bi Al; Hadinata, Lalu Gde Gilang Alid; Widad, Najwa; Febianisa, Tabitha Afifah; Pramesti, Evane Dyahayu; Khairifathiyyah, Khairifathiyyah; Amalia, Azka; Purnaning, Dyah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10350

Abstract

Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) is a primary neoplasm that is intermediate malignant, characterized by aggressive local growth and the possibility of metastasis, especially to the lungs. Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) occurs in bones, tendons, and soft tissues. The purpose of this literature study is to identify differences in GCT manifestations in various anatomical locations, evaluate risk factors that contribute to tumor growth and recurrence, and assess the effectiveness of various therapeutic modalities that have been used, both conservative and operative. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various scientific journals obtained from the database. The findings show that Giant Cell Tumor (GCT) is a group of neoplasms that are histologically similar but have different clinical, molecular characteristics, and anatomical locations, including GCT in bones (GCTB), tendons (GCTTS), and soft tissues (GCTST). Although generally classified as benign, GCT can be locally aggressive with a risk of recurrence and in some cases is capable of metastasis, especially to the lungs. GCTB is most commonly found in the long bones of individuals aged 20–40 years and is characterized by the H3F3A mutation, which is an important diagnostic marker. GCTTS, which originates in the synovium, is more common in women aged 30–50 years and shows increased CSF1 expression due to a genetic translocation.
Vaccine Administration Risk in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Systematic Review Febianisa, Tabitha Afifah; Hadinata, Lalu Gde Gilang Alid; Hunaifi, Ilsa; Amalia, Azka
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10361

Abstract

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system due to molecular mimicry, characterized by progressive muscle weakness from distal to proximal. This systematic review examines the relationship between vaccination and the risk of GBS. Epidemiological data indicate that the incidence of GBS after vaccination is very low. Although there is a link between vaccination and GBS in some cases, the risk remains smaller than the risk of GBS due to natural infection with the pathogen. This study emphasizes that the benefits of vaccination in preventing infection outweigh the risk of vaccination causing GBS. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a disorder in which the body's immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system due to molecular mimicry, causing muscle weakness that progresses rapidly to paralysis. From this literature review, it can be concluded that the risk of GBS after vaccination is very low and is limited to certain vaccines. Furthermore, GBS cases occur more frequently after viral or bacterial infections than after vaccination, indicating that the benefits of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases far outweigh the risk of causing GBS.