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Effectiveness of Combination Therapy of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy with Lenvatinib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Putri, Alifia Sabira; Nuriasti, Rovera; Pambudi, Balqis Prudena Kurnia; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy; Maudina, Baiq Zaskia; Prawira, Yoga; Larasati, Anak Agung Ayu Regina; Budyono, Catarina
The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy Vol 26, No 2 (2025): VOLUME 26, NUMBER 2, AGUSTUS, 2025
Publisher : The Indonesian Society for Digestive Endoscopy

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24871/2622025168-175

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and has a high mortality rate, especially in advanced stages. Treatment of advanced HCC remains a significant challenge due to limited effective therapeutic options. This study examines the effectiveness of combining Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) and Lenvatinib in advanced HCC patients. SBRT is a high-precision radiation technique that allows high-dose irradiation of tumor targets with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissues. At the same time, Lenvatinib is a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits several critical molecular pathways in angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. The results showed that the combination of SBRT and Lenvatinib significantly improved overall survival (OS) by reducing the risk of death by 63%, progression-free survival (PFS) reduced the risk of tumor progression by 67%, intrahepatic tumor progression-free survival (IHPFS) showed a decrease of 71%, objective remission rate (ORR) was also higher in the combination group (56.8%), and disease control rate (DCR) of 91.9% which was higher than the use of Lenvatinib alone. However, this combination therapy also carries a higher risk of side effects, including hypertension and diarrhea, which require close monitoring and dose adjustment. This study suggests combining SBRT and Lenvatinib may be a more practical approach to treating advanced HCC. However, the treatment strategy needs to be tailored to the patient's condition to minimize the risk of toxicity.
Cranial Nerves and Plexuses Optic Nerve (N.II) Rizqi, Amanda Suana; Sugiyanto, Aqilla Nasywa Nabila; Febianisa, Tabitha Afifah; Zulkifli, Yasmin Sabrina; Paradiesta, Andi Frieskha Naurah; Azzahra, Anis Aura; Rofilah, Alita Khainur; Sugiono, Muhammad Rafly Adrian; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy; Haikal, Muhammad; Rifki, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10124

Abstract

Cranial nerves are an integral part of the peripheral nervous system, playing a crucial role in transmitting afferent and efferent nerve impulses, particularly in the head and neck area. Unlike spinal nerves, cranial nerves have distinct functional nuclei in the brainstem, grouped into sensory (posterior and lateral) and motor (anterior) nuclei. The optic nerve is a purely afferent (sensory) nerve, responsible for transmitting visual information from rod and cone receptors in the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and superior colliculus (SC) in the thalamus. The optic nerve's innervation pathway begins with retinal ganglion cells, which form nerve fibers, pass through the optic canal, and then cross at the optic chiasm. Disruption of this pathway can lead to various clinical manifestations, such as vision loss or visual field impairment, which will be discussed further. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the anatomy and function of the optic nerve is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of neuro-ophthalmological conditions.
Androgenic Alopecia: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management Maudina, Baiq Zaskia; Wahyudi, Reza Rizwandipa; Dzulilmi, Dhaifatu; Salsabila D.P, Septy Rianty; Prameswari, Devi Shanti; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy; Saithanya G.D, Ni Made; Bramantyo, Rofi; Putri, Alifia Sabira; Rizqi, Amanda Suana; Salsabila, Ruhaniah Najwa
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10182

Abstract

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss in men and women, caused by a complex interaction of genetic and hormonal factors, particularly dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This condition is characterized by the miniaturization of hair follicles and changes in hair growth patterns, which affect the physical and psychological aspects of the sufferers. This article is prepared through a literature review from various recent scientific sources discussing the definition, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis of AGA. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is triggered by genetic predisposition, follicle sensitivity to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and supporting factors such as malnutrition, aging, and vascular disorders. The pattern of baldness differs in men and women, assessed using the Hamilton–Norwood or Ludwig scale. Diagnosis is established through history taking, physical examination, and supportive tests. Management includes topical and systemic therapy, supplements, hair transplantation, and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). AGA is also associated with the risk of actinic keratosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. AGA is a progressive chronic condition with multifactorial etiology. Early and appropriate management can slow progression and improve the quality of life of patients. Therapy is individualized, tailored to the degree of severity, gender, and patient response to treatment.
Literature Review: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Management of Cor Pulmonale Rameci, Hadil Hudati Awwari; Maya, Elyana Labib; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy; Pambudi, Novanda Ayu Dila Putri; Anugrah, Yunan Prabu Jaya
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10357

Abstract

Cor pulmonale refers to a condition affecting the right ventricle of the heart due to increased pulmonary pressure causing dilation or hypertrophy. This article was compiled using a literature review method. This disorder can manifest acutely, often triggered by a massive pulmonary embolism, severe pneumonia, or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), or chronically, usually caused by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, bronchiectasis, sleep apnea, or obesity-related hypoventilation syndrome. The primary cause is a disturbance in ventilation-perfusion balance that progresses to pulmonary hypertension. Symptoms usually appear in the advanced stages and include shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness, fainting with exertion, chest discomfort, abdominal swelling, lower extremity edema, wheezing, and coughing. Diagnostic evaluation includes chest radiography, computed tomography (CT scan), electrocardiography (ECG), and cardiac catheterization, the latter being the definitive method. Treatment strategies aim to correct hypoxemia, relieve right ventricular strain, and address the underlying cause of the condition.
Literature review: Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) Bramantyo, Rofi; Fauzan, Naufal Revaldy; Wahyudi, Reza Rizwandipa; Dzulilmi, Dhaifatu; Putri, Septy Rianty Salsabilla Dwi; Prameswari, Devi Shanti; Dhevi, Ni Made Shaithanya Gitanjali; Putri, Alifia Sabira; Maudina, Baiq Zaskia; Rizqi, Amanda Suana; Salsabila, Ruhaniah Najwa; Wardani, Indah Sapta
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): in Progress
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.8362

Abstract

Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a group of monogenic genetic disorders that cause diabetes with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, generally appearing before the age of 25. MODY is caused by gene mutations affecting pancreatic beta cell function, with 14 genetic subtypes identified. Diagnosis is often delayed or incorrect, as symptoms resemble type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis of MODY is diagnosed through family history, clinical examination, and genetic analysis. MODY treatment is tailored to the genetic subtype, including lifestyle changes, sulfonylureas, and insulin, is tailored to the genetic subtype. Prognosis and risk of complications vary depending on the subtype, with MODY 2 (GCK) having the best prognosis. Prevention includes genetic testing for individuals with a family history of MODY, as well as lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of complications. Patient education is important to ensure optimal management and prevention of long-term complications. This journal aims to learn more about the following definitions, to prognosis and education of MODY.