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Animal Production : Indonesian Journal of Animal Production
Published by Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
ISSN : 14112027     EISSN : 25415875     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.10
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Veterinary
Animal Production is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Animal Science, Jenderal Soedirman University in association with the Animal Scientist Society of Indonesia. The journal was established in 1999 and available online since May 4, 2011. Animal Production was initially published twice a year, then three times a year starting in 2005. The journal coverage focused on small scale livestock farming and technologies which includes the recent science development in animal production, including all aspects of nutrition, breeding, reproduction, post-harvest processing and socio-economics. All articles are available online. Full text available in pdf format and can be downloaded for free. Starting Vol 22 No 1 the papers have been and will be published in our new website (http://animalproduction.id), as the continuation of our previous but still active website (http://animalproduction.net).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Hewan dan Zoologi
Articles 606 Documents
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The Effect Nanocapsule of Turmeric Extracts in Rations on Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens Sundari, Sundari; Zuprizal, Zuprizal; Yuwanta, T; Martien, R
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 16, No 2 (2014): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. The use of turmeric is restricted by its low solubility in water, therefore it has low bioavailability. This obstacle can be solved by the development of nanoparticle technology to improve drug delivery profile. This study aimed to develop nanoparticle formulation using turmeric extract and industrial chitosan as the matrix and sodium-tripolyphosphate as cross linker, to study its ability to improve feed digestibility. Method used in the formulation of nanoparticle in this study was by ionic gelation followed by oven drying at 50°C. Method used to evaluate the digestibility  was total collection. One hundred and twenty broiler chickens with an average body weight of 900 g, were randomly divided into 20 treatments (one treatment was fasted and 19 were treated with the ration plus feed additive), and six replicates were performed on each test. Chickens were fasted one day before and after they were treated with rations. Nutrient levels and the amount of feed consumed and excreta released were weighed to calculate the digestibility of the ration. It was found that the basal ration had dry matter digestibility of 70.48% significantly lower compared to the basal ration plus nanocapsule turmeric extract: NP level at 0.4% for in EE and EA were 73.11 and 75.90%. The results of this study concluded that formulation of nanocapsule using turmeric extract and industrial chitosan as the matrix and sodium tripolyphosphate as cross linker was potential to increase nutrient digestibility, therefore, it can be an alternative for feed additive in broiler chicken diet. Key words: Digestibility, nanocapsule, turmeric extract, broiler chicken Abstrak. Penggunaan kunyit/kurkumin terbatas karena kelarutannya yang rendah dalam air sehingga bioavailabilitasnya juga rendah. Masalah ini dapat diatasi dengan teknologi nano yang dikembangkan sebagai alternatif penghantaran obat bagi bahan kimia yang mempunyai bioavailabilitas rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formulasi nanokapsul menggunakan ekstrak kunyit dan kitosan industri sebagai matrik atau polimer serta sodium tripolifosfat sebagai cross linker, untuk dipelajari kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan kecernaan ransum. Metode yang digunakan dalam formulasi nanokapsul adalah gelasi ionik dilanjutkan pengeringan dengan oven pada suhu 50°C. Sedangkan metode untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan menggunakan total koleksi. Seratus dua puluh ekor ayam broiler dengan bobot badan rata-rata 900 g, dibagi secara acak ke dalam 20 perlakuan (satu perlakuan dipuasakan dan 19 diberi ransum perlakuan dengan penambahan feed additive), masing-masing enam ulangan dan satu ekor untuk tiap ulangan. Ayam dipuasakan sehari pada sebelum dan sesudah ayam diperlakukan dengan ransum, kadar nutrien dan jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi serta ekskreta yang dikeluarkan ditimbang beratnya untuk menghitung kecernaan ransum. Telah ditemukan bahwa kecernaan bahan kering ransum basal (70,48%) nyata lebih kecil dibanding ransum basal yang ditambah nanokapsul ekstrak kunyit: pada  NP level 0,4% sebesar 73,11% pada EE dan 75,90% pada EA. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa formulasi nanokapsul menggunakan ekstrak kunyit dan kitosan industri sebagai matrik dan sodiumtripolifosfat sebagai cross-linker berpotensi sebagai feed additive alternatif untuk meningkatkan kecernaan nutrien pada ransum ayam broiler. Kata kunci: Kecernaan, nanokapsul, ekstrak kunyit, ayam broiler
Comparative Analysis of the Level of Social Integration in Cattle Farmers’ Groups in Banjarnegara District, Indonesia Sugiarto, M; Wakhidati, YN
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 9, No 3 (2007): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Pembentukan dan pengembangan kelompok peternak akan dapat meningkatkan kekompakan dan kebersamaan antar peternak dalam melakukan aktifitas usaha peternakan. Melalui kelompok peternak, anggota akan bersatu dan bekerja sama untuk menjadikan mereka lebih berdaya (empowered).  Integrasi sosial (social integration) di dalam kelompok peternak merupakan faktor yang penting dalam upaya peningkatan proses pemberdayaan anggota dan keberlanjutan kelompok ternak.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan tingkat integrasi sosial peternak dalam kelompok peternak yang digolongkan berdasarkan tingkat perkembangan organisasi (organizational development) di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Ketiga golongan kelompok peternak tersebut adalah pemula (beginner), madya (intermediate) dan lanjut (advance).  Delapan kelompok peternak yang terdiri dari 145 peternak dipilih sebagai responden dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sample berjenjang. Data tentang tingkat integrasi sosial dikumpulkan menggunakan kuisioner terbuka dan tertutup. Uji Kruskal-Wallis digunakan untuk membandingkan tingkat integrasi sosial pada tiga golongan kelompok ternak berdasarkan tingkat perkembangan oganisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi sosial peternak di dalam kelompok peternak di Kabupaten Banjarnegara sudah cukup tinggi. Berdasarkan uji Kruskal-Wallis, tingkat integrasi sosial peternak menunjukkan perbedaan (P<0,05) pada ketiga golongan kelompok ternak yang ada di Kabupaten Banjarnegara (pemula, madya dan lanjut). Peternak pada kelompok peternak golongan lanjut (advance) mempunyai rata-rata tingkat sosial integrasi yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada kelompok peternak golongan pemula (beginner) dan madya (intermediate). (Animal Production 9(2): 184-189 (2007) Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, integrasi sosial, tingkat perkembangan organisasi
Physical Characteristic and Palatability of Wafer Complete Ration Based on Sugar Cane Sprout and Bagasse on Friesen Holstein’s Calves Retnani, Y; Widiarti, W; Satoto, KB
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 13, No 1 (2011): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

This research was aimed to study the physical characteristic and palatability of wafer complete ration based on sugar cane sprout and bagasse. Physical characteristic measured were water content, water activity and density. Data of physical characteristics were analyzed using Completely Randomize Design, with four treatments and three replications. Analysis data of palatabity test used were T-test method i.e., rations of R0 vs R1 R2 R3, ration of R1 vs R2, ration of R0 vs R3, ration of R3 vs R2. The treatment was wafer complete ration with different fiber source, i.e. R0 = 80% concentrate + 20% field grass; R1 = concentrate 80% + 20% bagasse; R2 = concentrate 80% + sugar cane sprout 10% + bagasse 10%; R3 = concentrate 80% + 20% sugar cane sprout. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Contrast Orthogonal Test. The result of this research showed that the wafer complete ration that contains sugar cane sprout had better physical characteristics. Palatability of wafer complete ration containing field grass and sugar cane sprout was more preferred than that containing combination of bagasse and sugar cane sprout. The average consumption of wafer complete ration on FH’s calf containing 20% of field grass was ranged at 44–48%, ration containing 20% of bagasse was at 6–10%, ration containing 10% of sugar cane sprout and 10% bagasse was at 13–16% and ration containing 20% of sugar cane sprout was at 30–33%. (Animal Production 13 (1):24-29 (2011)Key Words: physical characteristic, palatability, wafer, bagasse, sugar cane sprout.
Nutritional values of wild rusa deer (Cervus timorensis) venison Jamal, Y; Semiadi, G; Hamsun, M
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 7, No 1 (2005): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Until 2002, the level of protein consumption from red meat origin by the Indonesian people was only 51.5% from the national target. The reasons for this condition were due to limited resources of domesticated animals and low income of many suburb people to buy red mead. One alternative in supplying the gap of protein consumption is by utilizing local prospective wildlife animals, such as deer. This species is widely distributed among the islands in Indonesia. In order to understand more on the quality of tropical rusa venison (Cervus timorensis), a study was conducted in Palu district, Southeast Sulawesi by collecting venison from hunters. The results showed there was no significant difference on cooking lost among the carcass parts (hind leg, front leg and saddle), with the range between 30.3 to 33.0%. There were also no significant differences on the gross energy, protein, ash, fat and phosphor values among the carcass parts. The contents of sodium , ferum and calcium were significantly different at p<0.05. In fatty acid contents, there was no interaction between the carcass parts and fatty acid groups, however among the fatty acid groups there was a significant difference (p<0.001) on the content. Palmitic and stearic acid had the highest contents (>9.5% DM), compared to other groups (<4.0% DM). In amino acid contents , it showed no interaction between the carcass parts to amino acid groups, however there was a significant difference among the amino acid groups. Glutamic acid had the highest level (15.74%DM), where as others were ranged between 2.7 to 7.6% DM. (Animal Production 7(1): 46-51 (2005) Keywords: Rusa deer, Cervus timorensis, venison, nutritional values
In Vitro Study of Fermented Complete Feed by Using Sago Residues as Main Source Diet Samadi, Samadi; Wajizah, Sitti; Usman, Yunasri
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 17, No 3 (2015): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (788.011 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.anprod.2015.17.3.542

Abstract

Recently, fermentation of low quality feed such as agro industry by products has been widely applied to produce enriched animal feed and improve animal productivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro digestibility of fermented complete feed by using agro-residues from sago starch processing industries as main source diet.  Feed was formulated on the basis of 40% sago residue and mixed with other ingredients (rice brand, coconut meal, bread by product, soybean meal and soybean hulls) to fulfill the requirement of sheep with 16,10% of CP, 2,80 Mkal ME/kg and TDN 60,88% based on calculation. Mineral and Urea were added in the complete feed to reach mineral and CP requirements of sheep.  Complete feed formulation was fermented by using 3 commercial fermentation products (Saus Burger Pakan® (SBP), Probion® and EM4®) for 21 days. Total and types of microbes from commercial fermentation products which were utilized in this study were not determined. Parameters measured in this study were pH, NH3, IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), IVOMD (in vitro organic matter digestibility) and VFA total. The model used for the statistical analysis was completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments (control and 3 different commercial fermentation products) and 4 replications.  The results of this study indicated that administration of different commercial fermentation products into fermented complete feed based on sago residues significantly influenced (P<0.05) on pH, NH3, VFA total, IVDMD and IVOMD. Generally, commercial fermentation products mainly SBP produced better feed quality by improving the values of pH, NH3, VFA total, IVDMD and IVOMD. However, types and total microorganisms were needed to be determined before experiment.
Skin Colour, Abdominal Fat, and Carcass Fat of Male Alabio Duck (Anas plathyrhincos Borneo) Fed Azolla Based Ration Samudera, R; Hidayatullah, A
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 10, No 3 (2008): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

This was conducted to know the effect of Azzola usage in their dietary toward skin color abdomen fat and carcass fat of male Alabio duck. The subject of this research was male Alabio duck attain the age 3 weeks as number 80 tails, with average first body weight 390,82 ± 0,63 g.  The dietary contain 16% protein and 3000 kcal energy.  Observation parameters including abdomen fat percentage, carcass fat, and skin color. Complete Random Design (RAL) consist of 4 treatments and 5 repeating was applied.  Each treatment unit consisted of 4 tails of male Alabio duck.  Set as treatment was levels of Azzola pinnata flour usage as much as 0 (A0); 7.5 (A2); 15 (A3); and 22.5% (A4).  The effect of treatment towards abdomen fat (A0, A1, A2, and A3 / 1.50; 1.41; 1.23; 0.92 %), carcass fat (A0, A1, A2, and A3 / 7.99; 7.53; 5.74; 5.25 %), and skin color (A0, A1, A2, and A3 / 2.66; 3.62; 3.94; 4.20).  this research showed result of that treatment influence was significantly difference (P < 0.05).   Conclusion of this research, that azolla usage within dietary is able to decrease abdomen fat degree and carcass fat, reform skin color, thus, produce yellow color or un-pale. (Animal Production 10(3): 164-167 (2008) Key Words: Alabio duck, azolla, skin color, abdomen fat, carcass fat
Analysis of Carrying Capacity of Agro-Ecosystem Coconut-Cattle in South Minahasa Regency Salendu, AHS; Maryunani, Maryunani; Soemarno, Soemarno; Polii, B
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 14, No 1 (2012): January
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

Abstract. Coconut plantation is very dominating in South Minahasa regency seen from its production of 49,907.33 tons in 2010. The land under coconut trees can be used for food crops or forage. The waste from food crops is the source of animal feed, while the livestock’s manure is used to improve soil fertility under coconut tree. The research objective was to analyse the carrying capacity of the agro-ecosystem of coconut-cattle. Regency and district were determined purposively. A total of 86 farmers as respondents were determined based on the ownership of at least 2 cattle and cattle selling experience. Data were analyzed using effective potential of livestock development and land capability index (IDD). The result showed that the maximum potential of land resources (PMSL) was 30,872.94 animal unit (AU). The capacity increase in cattle population based on the soil resources was 18,208.94 AU. The maximum potential based on farmer house holds was 127,023.00 AU. The value of land capability index was 2.14. The conclusion was South Minahasa Regency was still potential for cattle development regarding land resources or workforce potentials. Development of cattle can be integrated with the coconut to maintain and improve agro-ecosystem sustainability of coconut plantation.Keywords: cattle, carrying capacity, agro-ecosystem, coconutAnimal Production 14(1):56-62, January 2012
The Effect of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Extract to Number of Iodine and Peroxide of Groundnut Cake Rusdi, UD; Widowati, W; Sudiarto, Sudiarto
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 7, No 3 (2005): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the ability of secang wood extract (EKS) to retain the degradation rate of iodine number and to decelerate the peroxide number the represents the occurrences of damage at groundnut cake (BKT) during its storage. Research conducted by experimental method using completely randomized design with 7x5 factoria. Number of iodine and number of peroxide of groundnut cake were assessed. Result showed that with the application of secang wood extract, a 60 days stored groundnut cake had a higher number of iodine and  lower number of peroxide compared to both, control, and BKT treated with hydroxytoluene butylated (BHT) 0.1% and benzoate natrium (NB) 0.1%.  (Animal Production 7(3): 150-155 (2005) Key Words :  Groundnut cake, Iodine,  Peroxide
Cytological Characteristics of Mucose Cell and Vaginal Temperature and pH During Estrous Cycle in Local Sheep Rasad, Siti Darodjah; Setiawan, Rangga
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 19, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (891.367 KB) | DOI: 10.20884/1.jap.2017.19.1.584

Abstract

Aim of this study was to examine the characteristics cytology of mucous cell-,temperature- and pH vagina during estrous cycle in local sheep.  31local sheep were synchronized with vaginal sponge consist of 20  mg  progesterone hormone before carried out observations of cytology of cells from the vaginal mucose through vaginal swabs, temperature and pH of the vagina.  Vaginal swabs were collected daily at 7 am for a weeks.Vaginal temperature and pH measurement is carried out twice a day, at 07.00 am and 15.00 pm for a weeks after vaginal swabs. Smears of the swab were then prepared on glass slide and they were stained with Giemsa.  Vaginal epithelial cells; Parabasal, intermediate and superficial cells were counted and their percentages during pro-estrous, estrous and di-estrous were determined. Di-estrous was characterized by the absent of superficial cells in the epithelial vagina. Pro-estrous was characterized by the increasing progressively of intermediate/superficial cells in epithelial vagina, whereas estrous was characterized by the presence of superficial/cornification cells in most epithelial vagina. Based on the dominance of superficial cell, the number of sheep identified as estrous is highest on third day, with 52%.  Observation on vaginal temperature also resulting that the highest temperature values obtained on the third day of 39,08±0.28°C.  It could be effected of the vaginal pH during the observation. Underthe influence ofestrogen, the epithelial vaginalcellssynthesizeand accumulateglycogenin large quantitiesdepositedin the lumen ofvagina. Vaginal bacteriametabolizethe glycogenformlactic acid, which causesvaginal pHis low.The pH conditions prevent from pathogenic microorganisms and fungi. Increased estrogenal so cause cell proliferation through the thickening of the epithelium lining of the vagina so that the cells differentiate.Increasing of glycogenin the superficial cells, and  ceratin cells found in the cytoplasm of cells, as well as acidic pH in the lumen vagina causing changes in the chemical composition of each cell (Zaid, 2011).It can be concluded that during estrous phase, cytology of  vaginal mucose cell is dominated by superficial cell and vaginal temperature is increasing as well as pH of vagina.
Effects of Different Pelleted Diets and Pellet Size on Bird Performance Sundu, B; Kumar, A; Dingle, J
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 11, No 3 (2009): September
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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Abstract

An experiment investigated performance of birds fed the pelleted corn-soy diet versus the pelleted 30% copra meal based diet with different pellet sizes. This study was conducted for six weeks. A total of 144 male day old chicks were used in this trial. One day old birds were randomly allocated to four treatment diets with six replications. The starter and grower pelleted diets were with or without 30% copra meal and in two forms, either fine or mixed sized particles. The experimental design was a two way factorial with two basal diets, two particle sizes and six replicate cages of six birds per treatment. The inclusion of 30% copra meal in the pelleted diet decreased body weight and feed intake, but improved feed eficiency. Grinding the diet to a fine pellet size impaired the body weight and feed intake. The effect of pellet size became more evident when the birds grew older. Birds fed the pelleted form of copra meal accelerated their growth rate so that they were not significantly different from the weight of birds fed the pelleted form of the corn-soy diet. However the feed intake of birds fed the pelleted copra meal diet was lower than the feed intake of those fed the pelleted corn soy diets. It was concluded that inclusion of copra meal in the diet impaired growth of birds, particularly in the starter phase. Pelleting and crumbling copra meal diet could increase the bird performance to the same level of the performance of birds fed the pelleted corn-soy control diet while fine grinding the pelleted diet reversed this trend. (Animal Production 11(3): 165-169 (2009) Key Words: broilers, pellet diet, pellet size, copra meal

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