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Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 2085191X     EISSN : 23387610     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Biosaintifika Journal of Biology & Biology Education, an electronic international journal, provides a forum for publishing the original research articles, review articles from contributors, and the novel technology news related to biological research and biological education.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
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Diversity and Conservation Knowledge of Chondrichthyans in Northern Coastal Areas of Central Java Setiati, Ning; Peniati, Endah; Partaya, Partaya
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.15341

Abstract

Northern coastal areas of Central Java potentially produces sharks and rays (Chondrichthyes) for dishes. However, lack of community understanding of protected species catchment affects the Chondrichthyans conservation management. This study aimed to identify of total Chondrichthyans that were captured by fisherman correlated to the conservation knowledge and action in northern coastal areas of Central Java. This research was conducted by using interview, and direct observation. Samples were collected in fish capture household places in Tegal, Pemalang, Pekalongan, Semarang, Pati, and identified in Animal Taxonomy Laboratory of Biology Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang. Data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative based on the morphology characteristic. This research found that every season, at least 1,106 individuals from 23 species of Rajiformis and Lamniformis (Chondrichthyes) orders was captured. This condition was aggravated with lack of access to information and low fisherman’ awareness of protected species. It was also found that shark and ray trading generates value chain in culinary business. It increases fish consumption demand that only can be provided by fish catchment from the ocean. The implication of species catchment is declining population of Chondrichthyes in Central Java north areas. Based on the research, a high demand and lack of access to information correlated with declining community awareness on conservation actions. this research adds more information as an effort to conserve shark and ray species based on problems faced by fishermen. The information is also able to be applied as a foundation to develop community based conservation action.
Analysis on the Absolute Growth Rate of Rhizophora mucronata Seedling in Silvicultural Pond Canals by the Influence of Initial Condition and Changes of Environment Quality Hastuti, Endah Dwi; Budihastuti, Rini
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 8, No 1 (2016): March 2016
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i1.5358

Abstract

Mangrove seedling growth in silvofishery pond is limited to water quality dynamics while the water quality dynamically changes. This research aimed to study the changes of environmental factor condition in silvofishery pond and to analyze its impacts on the growth of mangrove seedling. Research experiment involved18 treatment plots with mangrove Rhizophora mucronata seedling. Observed parameters included temperature, turbidity, salinity, pH, DO, TSS, BO, N and P. Calculation was conducted for the deviation of each parameters. Mangrove growth parameters were including height and diameter growth while its data processing was absolute daily growth. Data analysis was conducted through regression. The result showed there were changes on environment parameters. Growth rate of R. mucronata showed variations on absolute daily height growth rate range of 0.215-3.333 mm/day (average 1.296 0.036 mm/day), while absolute daily diameter growth rate range was 2.15x10-3-0.196 mm/day (average 4.25x10-2 3.59x10-2 mm/day). The analysis of regression showed several parameters effectedthe growth of mangrove seedlings including temperature, temperature change, turbidty, salinity change, pH, pH change, and DO on the growth of R. mucronata seedlings. This research concluded that environment parameters and its changes had significant effects on the growth of mangrove seedling. How to CiteHastuti, E., & Budihastuti, R. (2016). Analysis on the Absolute Growth Rate of Rhizophora mucronata Seedling in Silvicultural Pond Canals by the Influence of Initial Condition and Changes of Environment Quality. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(1), 56-63.
Populasi dan Pola Sebaran Burung di Hutan Wanawisata Galunggung, Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat Widodo, W.
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 6, No 1 (2014): March 2014
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v6i1.2932

Abstract

Gunung Galunggung ketika erupsi tahun 1982 sebagian besar flora dan fauna yang ada disekitarnya luluh lantak. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui populasi dan pola sebaran burung-burung yang terdapat di kawasan Galunggung periode pemulihan pasca 31 tahun meletus.Metode point count jarak tidak tetap digunakan dalam penelitian ini Gunung Galunggung telah ditetapkan sebagai kawasan Wanawisata Galunggung sejak tahun. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membagi dalam 5 blok pengamatan. Sejumlah 80 titik penghitungan burung ditetapkan dalam 0,7222 km2 luasan area. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dijumpai 39 spesies burung dengan total 719 individu. Ada 10 spesies burung ditemukan dengan populasi tinggi, yaitu Cynniris jugularis (96,93 ind/km2), Lonchura leucogastroides (84,46 ind/km2), Orthotomus sutorius (70,61 ind/km2), Orthotomus cucullatus (62,30 ind/km2), Zosterops palpebrosus (67,85 ind/km2), Pycnonotus aurigaster (55,39 ind/km2), Brachypteryx leucophrys (41,54 ind/km2), Stachyris melanothorax (38,77 ind/km2), Streptopelia chinensis (30,46 ind/km2), dan Halcyon cyanoventris (26,30 ind/km2). Nilai indeks Morista sebesar 7,67, ini menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran dari sebagian besar burung di Wanawisata Galunggung adalah mengelompok. Secara spesifik tercatat 1 spesies burung sebaran terbatas (Stachyris melanothorax), 1 spesies burung migran (Motacilla cinerea), dan beberapa spesies burung endemik dan dilindungi.When the Galunggung mountain erupted in 1982, most of Galunggungs flora and fauna were devastated severely. A research has been carried out to know about bird population and their dispersion patterns in the Galunggung Tourism Forest after 31 years of restoration phase. The research used nonfixed distance Point Count method and this research was conducted by dividing the observation area into 5 blocks. Eighty watchout points have been established in an area of 0.7222 km2. The study revealed 39 bird species with total of 719 individuals. Among them, 10 species had relatively high population, i.e. Cynniris jugularis (96.93 inds/km2), Lonchura leucogastroides (84.46 inds/km2), Orthotomus sutorius (70.61 inds/km2), Orthotomus cucullatus (62.30 inds/km2), Zosterops palpebrosus (67.85 inds/km2), Pycnonotus aurigaster (55.39 inds/km2), Brachypteryx leucophrys (41.54 inds/km2), Stachyris melanothorax (38.77 inds/km2), Streptopelia chinensis (30.46 inds/km2), and Halcyon cyanoventris (26.30 inds/km2). The Morisita index was 7.67, which indicates that some bird species flocked in groups. The range of Stachyris melanothorax was restricted, whereas Motacillacinerea is considered as migrant species, and others were endemics and protected birds.
Capability of Vitamin E as a Radioprotector in Suppressing DNA Damage Determined with Comet Assay Darlina, Darlina; A., Lusy Dahlia; Alatas, Zubaidah; Kisnanto, Teja; Syaifudin, Mukh
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 2 (2017): August 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i2.8333

Abstract

Radiation has a potent to damage cells. Radiation may act directly or indirectly on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that results in the degeneration of tissues and necrotic, and thereby it needs a potent radioprotector to prevent these damages. Vitamin E is natural product known as an antioxidant which has potential as radioprotector. This research aimed to determine the capability of vitamin E with emphasized on the searching for its optimal concentration as radioprotector of DNA damage. This study used blood samples of healthy person irradiated with gamma rays at a dose of 6 Gy as the lethal dose to lymphocytes. The cocentrations of vitamin E from 0 to 0.8 mM was added into blood 15 minutes before irradiation. Isolation of lymphocytes was done using gradient centrifugation method. Evaluation on the capability of this compound in suppressing DNA damage was done by using alkaline Comet assay and data analysis was done using CaspLab program. The results show that addition of vitamin E could suppres these DNA damages and 0.8 mM of vitamin could reduce DNA damage up to 94.2%. We conclude that vitamin E effectively suppresed DNA damages induced by radiation. This information may benefit to the patient from negative impacts of radiotherapy.
Three Species of Weeds Enhance The Population of Predator and Parasitoid of Coffee Berry Borers Daniati, Cucu; Karindah, Sri; Puspitarini, Retno
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i1.12076

Abstract

Flowering weeds can serve as refugia for natural enemies. In coffee plantation, they might has the potential to attract predator and parasitoid of Coffee Berry Borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferr. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The aim of this research was to elucidate the influence of weeds to the presence of predator dan parasitoid and their impact to the population of CBB. The research was conducted at Ngantang, Malang Regency and in Laboratory of Pest, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. Three types of weed used were: Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae), Synedrela nodiflora(L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae), and Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg. (Fabaceae). The research consisted of two experiments (1) coffee plot with single species of weed and (2) coffee plot with two species of weeds. The results of experiment I and II showed that A. conyzoides, S. nodiflora, A. pintoi and its combination in coffee plantation significantly attracted the predator and parasitoid of CBB. The population of CBB was not significantly different between coffee plot with and without weed. The existence of A. conyzoides, S. nodiflora and A. pintoi in coffee plantations could increase the number of predator and parasitoid of CBB around coffee tree. This result showed that the presence of weeds in coffee plantation is an important factor in maintaining the predators and parasitoid of CBB population.
KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK DAN AKUMULASI MINERAL TANAH PADA BANGUNAN SARANG RAYAP TANAH Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (BLATTODEA: TERMITIDAE) Subekti, Niken
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 4, No 1 (2012): March 2012
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v4i1.2263

Abstract

Rayap Macrotermes gilvus Hagen mempunyai peranan ekologis rayap tanah M. gilvus sebagai degradator primer di dalam hutan, eksplorasi perananannya sebagai agen biologis dalam perbaikan vegetasi dan perbaikan kualitas tanah. Rayap dapat memodifikasi sifat fisik dan kimia tanah. Penelitian tentang kandungan bahan organik telah dilakukan dengan analisis proksimat (metode Weende), sementara akumulasi mineral tanah menggunakan metode X-Ray berdasarkan Analysis Program Cristallynity. Rayap M. gilvus Hagen merupakan komponen penting dalam memodifikasi beragam mineral dari tanah disekitarnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nyata antara komposisi mineral tanah dalam sarang rayap M. gilvus Hagen dengan mineral tanah disekitar sarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan bahan organik dalam bangunan sarang menghasilkan sebesar 98.33% dan padatannya 1.67%. Padatan ini terdiri dari karbohidrat sebesar 3.16%, abu 4.19%, lemak 23.95%, protein sebesar 39.52%, dan sisanya 29.18% berupa mineral-mineral. Bangunan sarang rayap yaitu SiO2 dan Despujolsite yang dibawa dari lingkungan sekitar kedalan bangunan sarang. Unsur-unsur yang lain diperoleh dari sebagian material yang berasal dari saliva, humus dan tanah sekitar sarang. The termite Macrotermes gilvus Hagen plays an ecological role. Subterranean termites M. gilvus is considered as the primary degradator in the forest, and therefore the exploration of its role as the biological agent to recover the vegetation and soil quality might be useful. Termites could modify the physical and chemical nature of soil. M. gilvus Hagen was an important component in modifying various minerals of the surrounding soil.  Research on the content of the organic materials had been proximat analysis (Weende methode), and the accumulation of soil mineral structure in the mound with X-Ray Methode (Analysis Program Cristallynity 2006). The result of the research indicated that there was significant difference between the composition of soil minerals in the mound of M. gilvus Hagen and the soil minerals around the mound. Analysis of the organic material in the mound building showed that the water was 98.33% and the solidity level was 1.67%, this solidity consisted of carbohydrate as much as 3.16%, ash as much as 4.19%, fat as much as 23.95%, protein as much as 39.52% and other minerals as much as 29.18%. The mound building in the minerals namely, SiO2 and Despujolsite, seemed to be carried in from the surroundings into the mound building. The other elements were obtained partly from the saliva, the fertile soil and the soil around the mound.
Molecular Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Bark of Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) that Produce the Antibacterial Compounds Hasanah, Uswatun; Riwayati, Riwayati; Idramsa, Idramsa; Prasetya, Eko
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 9, No 3 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.9424

Abstract

The Dipterocarpaceae plant, raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) is widespread in Southeast Asia. The bark of raru has been used by local communities in North Sumatera as antidiarrheal drugs due to its antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity of the rarus bark is induced by endophytic fungi that live in the region of the bark. This study aimed to identify the endophytic fungi-producer of antibacterial compounds in the bark of raru (C. melanoxylon) by means of molecular analysis. In general, endophytic fungi have the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-eight isolates of endophytic fungi were isolated from the bark of raru. Selection of isolates for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 used the dual culture assay. Selection using the dual culture assay yielded 6 endophytic fungal isolates that have the ability to inhibit the growth of test bacteria. EF10A sample was the most powerful isolate inhibiting the growth of both bacteria test. Those six bacteria molecularly identified used a sequence generated from ITS rDNA region. Based on rDNA ITS region sequences, isolate, the producers of the antibacterial compound were identified as Talaromyces cellulolyticus, Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus sp., Trichoderma harzianum, and Aspergillus orizae. The results of this study can be used by researchers to explore more potential endophytic fungi in raru plants (C. melanoxylon) as a source of medicine. The data obtained need to be supported by further research to isolate the bioactive compounds that can inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.
Effect of IBA and BAP on Shoot Growth of Tawangmangu Tangerine (Citrus reticulate) by In-Vitro Sofian, Arif Ardianto; Prihastanti, Erma; Suedy, Sri Widodo Agung
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 10, No 2 (2018): August 2018
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i2.14977

Abstract

Tawangmangu tangerine (Citrus reticulate Blanco subsp. tawangmangu) is one of prime local fruit from Tawangmangu region, Karanganyar, Central Java. This tangerine have good appearance, easy to peeled, sweet flavored fruit, and high production rate. However at 1984 Tawangmangu tangerine run into depreciation of population caused by CVPD (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration). As a result, this variety listed as endangeredThe effort of consevation by culture tissue technique can order to obtain prime seeds that free from virus or disease. This study was aimed to understand the effect of IBA and BAP in culture medium on growth of apical and lateral shoot of Tawangmangu tangerine. The treatment provided were IBA (0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, and 1 ppm) and BAP (0 ppm, 1 ppm and 2 ppm). The treatment in this research was using complete randomized factorial design in 9 different treatment. This research resulted that added combination of IBA and BAP affecting growth of Tawangmangu tangerine but the interaction of IBA and BAP did not happen. The highest shoot length occurs on treatment IBA 1 ppm+BAP 2 ppm while when the fastest shoot appears occurs on treatment IBA 0 ppm+ BAP 2 ppm and the highest shoot formed on treatment IBA 0.5 ppm+BAP 2 ppm. Benefit of the research Efforts to conserve Tawangmangu orange plants need to be done to maintain the diversity of germplasm and support the cultivation in a manner. One technique that can support the conservation of plants is by tissue culture techniques.
Growth Response of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Cultivars to Trivalent Chromium Stress Kasmiyati, Sri; Santosa, Santosa; Priyambada, Irfan Dwidja; Dewi, Kumala; Sucahyo, Sucahyo; Sandradewi, Rintawati
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 8, No 1 (2016): March 2016
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v8i1.5178

Abstract

One of heavy metal pollutants in the soil that can be absorbed by the sorghum is chromium (Cr). The study was conducted to determine the growth response of Cr3+ stress of sorghum cultivars. Two chemical compounds Cr3+ and 3 level concentrations were exposed to sorghum cultivars. The research was conducted in two separate experiments i.e. during seed germination and early seedling development stages. The parameters measured were radicle/root length, seedling length, fresh weight, dry weight, and stress tolerance index (STI) value. The results showed that Cr3+ either in form of CrCl3 or KCr(SO4)2 significantly reduced the seedling growth of sorghum cultivars. The growth responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr3+ stress showed differences both on stage of the germination and early seedling. Based on the average of STI value, four sorghum cultivars (Badik, Keris, Keris M3 and Numbu) were classified as very strong tolerant, 4 cultivars (Hegari, Mandau, Sangkur and Gambela) were categorized as moderate tolerant, two cultivars (UPCA and Selayer) were weak tolerant, and 2 cultivars (Kawali and Batari) were sensitive ones, under stress condition of Cr3+.The results of this study are expected to provide the scientific basis of the physiological and tolerance responses of sorghum cultivars toward Cr3+ stress condition.How to CiteKasmiyati, S., Santosa, S., Priyambada, I., Dewi, K., Sucahyo, S., & Sandradewi, R. (2016). Growth Response of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Cultivars to Trivalent Chromium Stress. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(1), 71-84.
OPTIMASI STERILISASI PERMUKAAN DAUN DAN ELIMINASI ENDOFIT PADA BURAHOL Habibah, Noor Aini; -, Sumadi; Ambar, Sri
Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education Vol 5, No 2 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Ro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/biosaintifika.v5i2.2748

Abstract

AbstrakBurahol termasuk tanaman yang buahnya dapat dimakan, dan mempunyai zat-zat aktif yang berpotensi sebagai obat dan deodoran alami. Kultur in vitro merupakan salah satu cara dalam produksi metabolit sekunder. Tingginya kontaminasi merupakan salah satu hal yang menjadi kendala dalam kultur in vitro. Salah satu sumber kontaminan adalah eksplan yang digunakan dalam kultur in vitro. Optimasi sterilisasi permukaan merupakan langkah awal yang sangat penting dalam pengembangan kultur in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan prosedur optimasi sterilisasi permukaan eksplan daun burahol dan juga melakukan deteksi dan eliminasi edofit pada daun burahol. Optimasi sterilisasi permukaan dilakukan dengan perlakuan variasi konsentrasi klorox dan waktu perendaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun burahol mengandung jamur endofit. Eliminasi jamur endofit dapat dilakukan dengan penyiraman tanaman dengan fungisida. Sterilisasi permukaan eksplan yang paling optimal adalah dengan fungisida selama 24 jam, dilanjutkan dengan perendaman bakterisida dan fungisida selama 30 menit, perendaman pada alcohol 70% selama 1 menit, dilanjutkan dengan klorox 15% 10 menit, dan klorox 10% 10 menit berturut-turut.AbstractBurahol has active substances with potential as a drug and natural deodorant. In vitro culture is one way to production of secondary metabolites. High contamination is one of the things that become obstacles in in vitro culture . One of the contaminant source is explant that used in in vitro culture. Optimization of surface sterilization is a very important first step in the development of in vitro culture. This study aims to get the optimization procedure surface sterilization of burahol leaf explant and also perform detection and elimination endophyte on burahol leaves. Optimization surface sterilization is done by treatment by variations clorox concentration and immersion time. The results showed that the burahol leaves contain fungal endophytes. Endophytic fungus elimination can be done by sprinkling the plants with fungicides. Explant surface sterilization is the most optimal with fungicide for 24 hours, followed by immersion bactericide and fungicide for 30 minutes, immersion in 70 % alcohol for 1 min, followed by 10 minutes clorox 15 %, and 10 % clorox 10 minutes.

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