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Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

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Published by Universitas Padjadjaran

ISSN : 25277332 EISSN : 26140020 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Medicine & Pharmacology

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research (PCPR) is an international, peer-reviewed journal, publishing original research, review, case reports, and commentaries on all aspects of pharmacology and clinical pharmacy. The journal aims to contribute to the scientific committee by publishing the high quality articles. It is published 3 times a year to provide a forum for pharmacologists, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals to share best practice, encouraging networking, and a more collaborative approach in pharmacology and clinical pharmacy.

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Articles 207 Documents

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Hypoglicemia Risk Factors on Hospitalized Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Jayanti, Meilani; Lestari, Keri; Abdulah, Rizky
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (434.595 KB)

Hypoglycemia is one of the most important complications of diabetes treatment and it becomes an obstacle in hypoglycemia medication. Besides, hypoglycemia can cause nerve damage and impaired cognitive function so that it influences the patients mortality, morbidity, and quality of life. Recognition of hypoglycemia risk factors, blood glucose monitoring, selection of appropriate regimens and educational programs for healthcare professionals and patients with diabetes are the major issues to maintain good glycemic control, minimize the risk of hypoglycemia, and prevent long-term complications. This research employs retrospective method and the design of the research is case control.Â The sample of this research is 72 patients with type 2 diabetes which is divided into two groups.Â The first group is case and It consists of 23 patients (31,9%) getting hypoglycemia. Then, the second group is control and it consists of 49 patients (68,1%). In the second group the 49 patients do not get hypoglycemia and they do not receive any hypoglycemia medication in the hospital. The Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that there is a significant different between the variables reduction in food intake (p 0,011) and lower laboratory result of HbA1C (p 0,003) on the incidence of hypoglycemic, where the variable reduction in food intake has the strong relationship with most major hypoglycemic (OR 9,329). On the other hand, other variables such as the use of antidiabetic drugs, diabetes duration, age, comorbidities and polypharmacy showed no significant association with hypoglycemic events. Thus, the hypoglycemic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving antidiabetic therapy due to reduction in food intake and lower laboratory results of HbA1C. Patients with reduction in food intake at risk of hypoglycemic events nine times greater than patients with normal food intake.Â Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, food intake, HbA1C

Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff Fruit: A Potential Source of Natural Antioxidant Hendra, Rudi; Haryani, Yuli
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 3, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl is originated from Papua Island, Indonesia. There have been only limited attempts to explore the biological properties of this plant in relation to their medicinal use. This study aimed to examine antioxidant activity of P. macrocarpa fruit. Extraction of pericarp and mesocarp of P. macrocarpa were performed using soxhlet method with ethyl acetate as the solvent. Antioxidant activity was characterized in various in vitro model systems, including DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant assay. We found that the highest amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were found in the pericarp (58.3Â±0.07 mg/g DW and 127.8Â±1.08 mg/g DW, respectively). The results showed that pericarp had higher antioxidant activity (IC50= 122.4Â±1.14 Âµg/ml) compared to mesocarp (IC50=175.48 Â±1.75 Âµg/ml). In conclusion, the result of this study indicated the possible application of P. macrocarpa as a source of natural antioxidant compound.Keywords: antioxidant, Phaleria macrocarpa, phenolic compounds, flavonoids

Prediction of Binding Mode of Secondary Metabolites in Apium graveolens to Bcl-2 Shan, Kee P.; Saptarini, Nyi M.; Levita, Jutti
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Developing new cytotoxic agent which has minimal effect against normal cell is requiredto reduce the side effects obtained from the existing chemotherapy agents. Celery (Apiumgraveolens) showed several pharmacology activities, including anti-cancer. This study wasconducted to predict and visualize the binding mode of ten secondary metabolites in A. graveolens,i.e., apigenin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, limonene, shikimic acid, chlorogenic acid,ascorbic acid, quercetin, eugenol and ferulic acid against Bcl-2. Navitoclax was employed asreference. Molecular dokcing simulation was performed using AutoDoc Vina v.1.5.6. Theresults showed that the interaction enery (Ei) ranged from -4.20 to -6.01 kcal/mol, whereasinhibition constant (Ki) were 40.15 to 842.29 Î¼M. Kaempferol showed the best affinity toBcl-2 (Ei=-6.01 kcal/mol; Ki=24,21 Î¼M). Hydrogen bonds were bond between kampferoland Lys20, Ser102, and Arg103, amino acid residues in Bcl-2.In conclusion,Keywords: anti-cancer, Apium graveolens, Bcl-2, navitoclax

Diabetes Patients Perceptions on Drugs Consultation Program by Pharmacists Sumaryono, Budi; Moektiwardoyo, Moelyono; Yulianto, Ari
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Drugs consultation by pharmacist is an important service to improve the quality of medication use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Perception of patients regarding this service is very useful to boost pharmacists confidence to conduct such service. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview regarding interests and categories of drugs consultation needed by T2DM patients and to determine the effect of quality of drugs consultation on patients interest to participate in such program. Survey and interviews were conducted with T2DM patients in outpatient clinic, Dr. M. Salamun Air Force Hospital, Bandung during April-June 2013. One hundred patients were recruited for this study. Most of the patients consumed combination of oral antidiabetic and non-antidiabetic medication (71 %) and were given polypharmacy (45 %). The results showed that the information regarding drugs interactions, adverse drugs reaction (ADR), and drugs dosage were among the aspects that should be included in drugs consultation service by pharmacists. The quality of drug information service was associated with increased interest to participate in such program. These aspects should be considered in the implementation of drugs consultation program by pharmacists.Keywords: drugs consultation, T2DM, pharmacists

Polymorphism of pfcrt K76T and pfatpase6 S769N Genes in Malaria Patients at Papua, Indonesia Suradji, Eka W.; Ng, Henry; Finisanti, Ratih; Indrawati, Eni; Ciokan, Andreas; Barliana, Melisa I.; Abdulah, Rizky
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the country with the highest prevalence of malaria infections. In order to achieve malaria control as an act to support Millenium Development Goals, complete eradication of Plasmodium parasites needs to be conducted. Drugs resistance has been a hindrance in this act. This study aimed to assess Plasmodium parasite resistance towards chloroquine (CQ) and artemisinin combined therapy (ACT) through the determination of polymorphism on pfcrt K76T and pfatpase6 S769N genes, respectively. Subjects of this study were 16 adult patients positively diagnosed with malaria infection caused by P. falciparum or cross infection. DNA obtained from patient blood samples were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then the fragment of pfcrt and pfatpase6 were then digested using ApoI and DdeI, respectively. The results showed that 81% of the pfcrt K76T polymorphism was occured on the samples, which indicated the resistance of CQ. Meanwhile, 87% of the patient samples did not showed any polymorphism of pfatpase6 S769N gene, which indicated no resistance of ACT. This study showed that CQ was no longer effective as the first line therapy of antimalarial drugs due to the resistance of P. falciparum to CQ. However, the used of ACT still can be maintained in the antimalarial drug therapy regimen. In conclusion, the polymorphism of both genes negatively influenced the effectivity of antimalarial therapy using artemisinin.Keywords: antimalarial drugs, resistance, polymorphism, endemic area

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Cucumis melo L. and Assessment of Its Antimicrobial Properties Haryani, Yuli; Nabella, Iswatun; Yuharmen, Yuharmen; Kartika, Ganis F.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 3, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (838.497 KB)

Over the past decade, the use of biological agents such as plants, cyanobacteria, bacteria, and fungi for synthesis of metal nanoparticles has been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate antibacterial activity of Cucumis melo L. peel extract and its nanoparticles formulation against Eschericia coli. The nanoparticles were made using silver nitrate with the ratio between C. melo L. extract and silver nitrate aqueous solution (1 mM) were 1:10 and 1:15. The formation of silver nanoparticles was observed after microwaved for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 seconds by visible spectrophotometry analysis. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoid and terpenoid within the extract. However, the characteristic of surface plasmon resonance band, which occurs in the range of 410-500 nm were not found in the nanoparticle extract, even though the reaction time was extended to 330s. Antibacterial activity against E. coli of the extract and its nanoparticle formulations was determined using Resazurin microtiter assay and compared to AmoxsanÂ® as positive control. The highest E. coli inhibition was exhibited by the nanoparticles (79.8739Â±0.3859), followed by the extract (65.2821Â±0.9949). The nanoparticles and the extract have potent antibacterial activity compared to positive control (84.5519 Â± 0.2544). In conclusion, the antibacterial activity of the C. melo L. silver nanoparticles formulation was better than its extract.Keywords: Cucumis melo, silver nanoparticles, UV-Vis spectra

Evaluation of Prescription Pattern for Internal Medicines Outpatients using World Health Organization Indicators Dinge, Fonny; Abdulah, Rizky; Sumiwi, Sri A.
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 3
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Rational use of drugs plays an important role in efficacy and safety. World Health Organization(WHO) developed a set of indicators to assess medicines precribing pattern. The aim ofthis study was to evaluate the rational use of drugs among internal medicines outpatients ata hospital in Papua, Indonesia, using WHO prescribing indicators. This study was a retrospectiveobservational study conducted during January-March 2014. The data were obtainedfrom patients medical prescriptions. From each prescriptions, data regarding the the totalnumber of drugs, generic, antibiotics, parenteral, and essential drugs were extracted. A totalof 2025 medical precriptions were included in this study. We found out that the averagenumber of drugs per prescription was 2.3. Majority of the prescribed drugs were generic(84.14%). The use of antibiotics, parenteral drugs, and essential drugs were 33.43%, 3.40%,and 60.13%, respectively. Polypharmacy was relatively low among the subjects. The medicinesprescribing patterns among internal medicines outpatients were in accordance withWHO recommendation.Keywords: prescribing indicator, polypharmacy, essential drugs

Economic Evaluation of the Use of Cefotaxime and Ceftazidime in the Treatment of Pneumonia in Pediatric Patients Ruterlin, Valen; Sinuraya, Rano K.; Halimah, Eli; Barliana, Melisa I.; Hartini, Sri
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 2, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

The prevalence of pneumonia is particularly high among pediatric patients. Appropriate antibioticsselection is required to reduce mortality and morbidity rates associated with thesediseases. However, information on cost-effectiveness of empirical antibiotics treatment forpneumonia was limited. This study was aimed to evaluate cost-effectiveness of cefotaximeand ceftazidime for pneumonia in pediatric patients. This study was a retrospective crosssectional study conducted at a hospital in Bandung during January-December 2012. Datawere derived from medical records of pediatric pneumonia inpatients during study period.Cost was calculated based on direct medical cost, i.e., inpatient care, medical support, andmedicines that were used from admission until hospital discharge. The results showed thatthere was no statistical difference in the average medical cost of the treatment using cefotaxime(1,197,017 IDR) and ceftazidime (2,245,748 IDR). Incremental cost effectivenessratio (ICER) showed that cefotaxime is more cost effective than ceftazidime with greaterreduction of leukocytes level (576 IDR/mm3 ). The use of cefotaxime is recommended forthe treatment of pnuemonia in pediatric patients.Keywords: cost minimization, cost effectiveness, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, pneumonia

Antibacterial Activity of Pluchea indica and Piper betle Ethanol Extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Simanjuntak, Nela; Yuniarni, Umi; Prayugo, Diki
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 1, No 2
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Medicinal plants are widely used for the treatment of different infectious diseases. This studyÂ was aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of Pluchea indica (P. indica) and Piper betle (P.betle) ethanol extract on Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Pseudomonasaeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) using agar disk diffusion method. Ethanol extract of Piper betleÂ showed more potent antibacterial activity than P. indica against S. Epidermidis with theÂ highest inhibiton zone at 30.71 mm and 21.73 mm from 1 mg/ml concentration, respectively.Â In contrast, against P. aeruginosa, the ethanol extract of P. indica was more potent than P.Â betle with 21.44 mm and 20.12 mm of inhibition zone on 1 mg/ml concentration, respectively.Â There was no increased effect from the combination of these two extracts againstÂ these bacteria. When comparing the antibacterial activity of these extract with tetracycline asthe standard, we found that antibacterial activity of P. indica at the concentration of 0.9 mg/Â ml was comparable with that of tetracycline at concentration of 12.52 Î¼g/ml, while P. betleÂ needed 0.3 mg/ml concentration to had similar activity with 10.51 Î¼g/ml of tetracycline. InÂ conlusion, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of P. indica and P. betle indicated thatÂ these extract had sufficient potential to warrant further examination and development as aÂ new antibacterial agent.Keywords: Pluchea indica, Piper betle, antibacterial, agar disk diffusion

Pharmaceutical Counseling Has a Positive Impact on Quality of Life of Hypertension Patients Aulia, Gina; Halimah, Eli; Lestari, Keri
Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Vol 3, No 1
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Pharmacists play a major role in educating patients regarding drug therapy, in order to achieve optimal health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pharmaceutical counseling on quality of life (QoL) of hypertensive patients with renal impairment at one of public hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. This study used a prospective experimental design with pretest-posttest design for 2 months. Inclusion criteria in this study were hypertensive patients with renal impairment who received antihypertensive drugs, aged >18 years, and signed the informed consent. Exclusion criteria were patients who were not able to fill in the questionnaire, patients with end stage renal diseases, diabetes, and pregnant or lactating patients. Pharmaceutical counseling was given during 2 months of the therapy. Pharmaceutical counseling consisted of education on the appropriate use of drugs and disease management. Schedule of their own medication and leaflet containing educational information were given to the subjects. QoL was assessed using a previously validated Mini-Questionnaire of QoL in Arterial Hypertension (MINICHAL). The questionnaire consisted of 16 two dimensions questions, i.e., mental health and somatic manifestation. We found that the mean increase in mental health status (49.5Â±5.3) was higher than that of somatic dimension (32.7Â±3.6). Both dimensions had statistically significant improvement (P value <0.05). In conclusion, pharmaceutical counseling is beneficial to improve QoL of hypertension patients.Keywords: hypertension, renal impairment, quality of lifeÂ

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Home Page

OAI Link

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Contact Name Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

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Location Kota bandung, Jawa barat INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Contact Email
Widya Norma Insani, M.Sc., Apt.

Phone
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Journal Mail Official
pcpreditorialteam@gmail.com

Editorial Address
-

Location
Kota bandung,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA