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Determinant factors of obesity in urban and rural studies on adolescents in Banten Province, Indonesia Perdanawati, Mia; Nugraheni, Sri Achadi; Syauqy, Ahmad; Noer, Etika Ratna; Muniroh, Muflihatul
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.126-135

Background: The prevalence of obesity which continues to grow in children and adolescents is a concern since it increases degenerative disease risk. Obesity is not only a problem in urban areas, but it is also growing in rural areas.Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the determinants of obesity in adolescents in rural and urban areas in Banten Province.Materials and Methods: This research design used a case-control method with a purposive sampling technique. The sample in the study consisted of 160 adolescent subjects from 2 different schools. Each school representing 40 case samples that were adolescents with obesity and control adolescents with a normal body mass index. This study was conducted at one school in Cilegon City to represent the urban sample and one school in Pandeglang Regency to represent the rural sample. For each sample, body weight and height were measured, filling out the SQ-FFQ, International Physical Activity Questioner (IPAQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and DASS-42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) questionnaires. Data regarding the results of air quality monitoring which includes data (PM10, SO2 O3 and NO2) was obtained from the Environmental Service. Meanwhile, data were analyzed by using Chi-Square and logistic regression.Results: The determinants of obesity in adolescents in rural were protein intake more than RDA (p=0.003 OR=9.948), low physical activity (P=0.005 OR=22.094), high of SO2 exposure (P=0.005 OR=19.817) and bad sleep quality (P=0.007 OR=8.901) while adolescents in urban were protein intake more than RDA (p=0.001 OR=21.570), bad sleep quality (p=0.002 OR=16.550), high stress level (p=0.006 OR=15.922) and carbohydrate intake more than RDA (p=0.072 OR=5.044).Conclusion: Protein intake is the biggest determinant of the incidence of obesity in adolescents both in rural and urban areas.

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) reduces cholesterol and triglyceride in dyslipidemic male rats sprague–dawley model Rohman, Yulia; Nurudhin, Arief; Wardhani, Lusi Oka
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.80-87

Background: High-fat diets habit can lead to metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia which a significant contributor for cardiovascular diseases. Dyslipidemia occurs as a result of metabolically interrelated abnormalities of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, including low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increasing of low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride. In order to enhance anti-lipid treatment, nutritional therapy containing bioactive compounds are investigated extensively, including those found in beetroot which shown potential in preventing and treating metabolic disorders.Objective: This study evaluated the effect of beetroot extract and beetroot juice on cholesterol and triglyceride levels as a dyslipidemia treatment, in comparison to simvastatin. Ethanol extract can attract flavonoids and betalain, but the extraction process can degrade fiber. Meanwhile, juice still contains quite a lot of fiber.Materials and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and fed different diets for 56 days. The groups were: normal control (K0), negative control-HFD (KN), positive control-HFD + simvastatin (KP), single-dose treatment with BE (P1) or BJ (P2), and combination treatment with BE or BJ + simvastatin (P3 and P4), each intervention was given for 28 days. After blood drawn, cholesterol total and triglyceride serum were examined and analyzed.Results: Administration of beetroot extract and juice in single dose or combination with simvastatin gave a significant decrease in cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to before the intervention. The average reduction levels of cholesterol in P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 54.81, 56.31, 94.19 and 69.11 respectively. Whereas the average decreasing level of triglyceride were 43.28, 30.78, 54.28 and 46.37 in P1, P2, P3 and P4 groups. Combination treatment with simvastatin gave more reduction level compared with single dose beetroot extract or beetroot juice. The most effective reduction was in the beet extract combination with simvastatin group were -94.19±4.08 mg/dL (cholesterol) and -54.28±6.93 mg/dL (triglyceride).Conclusion: Both beetroot extract and juice, as single or combined with simvastatin, were able to decrease cholesterol and triglyceride levels, these indicated their potential for prevention and therapeutic in dyslipidemia. Further research is needed to investigate its mechanisms and establish optimal dosages for human consumption.

The sociodemographic factors on food insecurity among household living in disaster-prone area in Central Java, Indonesia Hastuti, Vivilia Niken; Afifah, Diana Nur; Sugianto, Denny Nugroho; Anjani, Gemala; Noer, Etika Ratna
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.136-142

Background: Demak, as a disaster-prone coastal area in Central Java, faces issues such as malnutrition and food insecurity due to the impacts of climate change. As a result of coastal disasters, vulnerable people in coastal areas often experience loss of livelihoods, limited access to nutritious food, and increased risk of malnutrition.Objective: The study aimed to analyze the association between household food security and household demographic factors in Central Java’s coastal areas.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 138 households living in the coastal area of Demak by simple random sampling. The socio-demographic characteristics were conducted by interviewing the mother/child caregiver. The degree of household food security (HFS) was obtained using the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were used for statistical analysis.Results: Based on HFS status, 49.3% of respondents were food secure, 26.1% were food insecure without hunger, 20.3% were food insecure with moderate hunger, and 4.3% were food insecure with severe hunger. There was significant correlation between father’s educational level, mother’s educational level, and monthly household income per month on the HFS status (p<0.05).Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors associated with household food security status were father's and mother's education and monthly household income (p<0.05). The potential negative impact of household food insecurity on the nutritional status of family members needs to be studied further, especially vulnerable age groups such as toddlers and mothers in the household.

Evaluation of the implementation stimulation, detection, and early intervention for toddlers growth and development in Nanggalo Health Center Azrimaidaliza, Azrimaidaliza; Resti, Resti; Helmizar, Helmizar
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.88-100

Background: The coverage of Stimulation, Detection, and Early Intervention for Toddler Growth and Development (SDIDTK) toddlers at the Nanggalo Health Center has not yet reached the national target. This is influenced by the low participation of mothers of toddlers at Integrated Service Posts (Posyandus). The proportion of toddlers weighed at Posyandus 14.90%.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of the SDIDTK program at the Nanggalo Health Center to achieve the national target (90%).Materials and Methods: This type of qualitative research uses a systems approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. Twelve informants were selected in the working area of the Nanggalo Health Center based on purpose sampling. Data processing involves the triangulation of sources and techniques. Records of in-depth interview results were made in the form of transcripts and analyses and interpreted in the form of research results.Results: Based on the research results obtained, there is a manual for implementing SDIDTK but no SOP has been found. The number of implementing staff is sufficient, but the distribution of the workload is not yet effective and efficient. The funds available for community health center activities are sufficient, but there has been no allocation of special funds to support SDIDTK activities. The facilities and infrastructure supporting the program are inadequate. The implementation of detection and stimulation is still not per the guidelines for all toddlers in the Nanggalo Community Health Center working area. Early intervention has been carried out for toddlers who are detected to be experiencing growth and development disorders. Records are summarized in cohorts and reported every month to the Health Service. Monitoring and evaluation are carried out in stages, but they are still not going well.Conclusion: The implementation of the SDIDTK program at the Nanggalo Health Center is still not good. Obstacles in program implementation come in the form of data problems, a lack of infrastructure, limited staff time, low community participation, and a lack of support from across sectors.

Additional vitamin D supplementation does not affect muscle strength in the older women: A double-blind randomized controlled trial Nurahmatika, Prisma; Noer, Etika Ratna; Ngestiningsih, Dwi; Susanto, Hardhono; Pramono, Adriyan; Supatmo, Yuswo
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.101-107

Background: The elderly, aged 60 and above, are expected to increase in number in the coming years. Aging brings about various changes, impacting both physical and mental health. Proper protein intake and exercise can boost muscle protein synthesis, while maintaining optimal vitamin D levels is crucial. Research is necessary to explore vitamin D's impact on elderly muscle mass.Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of adding vitamin d supplementation to protein and exercise on handgrip strength in healthy elderly.Materials and Methods: 24 participants were randomized in a double-blinded, pilot study ages 60- 80 years Subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 was given interventions of vitamin D supplementation 1000 UI/day combining soy + oats milk as a protein and exercise. The second group was given intervention of soy+ oats milk protein, and exercise. The intervention program was administered for 8 weeks. Data comparison whitin and between groups were analyzed by Independent T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Paired T-testResults: Data from all participants was analyzed, before and after interventions of handgrip was increased in both of groups from a mean of 17.18kg to 18.06kg for the right hand and 15.17kg to 18.26kg for the left hand in Group 1, 13.80kg to 16.86kg for the right hand and 15.45kg to 17.32kg for the left hand in Group 2. Results of the difference test analysis between the two groups (ANOVA t = 0.548, P= 0172) showed no difference between group 1 and group 2.Conclusion: In this study, there was no effect of adding vitamin D supplementation on handgrip at healthy elderly participants.

The effect of rosella tea on weight loss among overweight women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: An interventional pilot study Mayasari, Noor Rohmah; Aline, Sabrina; Hadi, Novian Swasono
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.53-59

Background: Rosella tea is an anthocyanin-rich herbal remedy known to have an anti-obesity effect. Overweight women are expected to lose weight by consuming herbal tea without improving their lifestyles.Objectives: This pilot study evaluated the effects of rosella tea on reducing body weight among overweight women without improving their lifestyle.Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental design pre-post intervention was used in this study. Twenty-three overweight women aged 30-60 years were involved. The control and treatment groups consisted of twelve and eleven respondents, respectively. The treatment group consumed ± 250 ml rosella tea twice a day for 14 days. During the study, both groups were instructed to not change their lifestyles. Paired t-test and independent t-test were performed to test the effect of rosella tea consumption within and between groups, respectively.Results: After 14 days of consumption of rosella tea, the body weight was decreased by - 0.15 ± 0.24 kg (from 63.5 ± 10.35 kg to 63.35 ± 10.33 kg) for the treatment group and - 0.21 ± 0.25 (from 64.65 ± 9.54 kg to 65.65 ± 9.99 kg) for the control group but the difference did not reach significant levels (p>0.05). In both groups, dietary intake (e.g., calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat) and sedentary behaviour in the initial study were not different compared to at the end of the study, except for the lesser extent of dietary fibre in the control group.Conclusion: Administration of rosella tea for 14 days did not induce weight loss in overweight women without any lifestyle improvement (increase dietary fibre).

Anthropometric markers for fat obesity in Indonesian children aged 7 to 12 years in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia Hastuti, Janatin; Rahmawati, Neni Trilusiana
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.108-114

Background: Obesity must be determined precisely and accurately in order for intervention efforts to be more effective. Anthropometric measurement is accurate, simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive to perform, making it useful as a screening tool for body fat.Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of anthropometric indicators in assessing fat obesity in Indonesian children aged 7 to 12 years in Yogyakarta Province.Materials and Methods: Participants included 514 Javanese children (260 boys, 254 girls) aged 7-12 years who lived in Bantul and Kulon Progo Regencies and were healthy and willing to participate. Disabled children were excluded. Data were taken in 1998 including body weight, height, wrists, abdomen, waist and hip circumference, and skinfold thickness at biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac. Body mass index (BMI), body frame, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were further calculated. Body fat was estimated from skinfold thickness. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) tests were performed.Results: The ANOVA test results showed that age was the main factor of significant variation (p<0.001) for all variables, while gender was significant for wrist circumference (p<0.05), body frame (p<0.05), and WHR (p<0.001). Gender and age are simultaneously significant only for height (p<0.001). ROC analysis showed that abdominal circumference in boys and waist circumference in girls had the widest area under the curve (AUC), while height had the smallest AUC in both genders. BMI had the highest AUC in boys (AUC= 0.984; p<0.001) and girls (AUC= 0.972; p<0.001).Conclusion: Abdominal circumference in boys and waist circumference in girls performed better than other anthropometric indicators for assessing body fat obesity. While, BMI outperforms all other anthropometric indices in both genders.

A systematic review of iron supplementation’s effects on adolescent girls Silitonga, Hanna Tabita Hasianna; Salim, Lutfi Agus; Nurmala, Ira
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.60-69

Background: Anaemia is a nutritional problem that mostly affects adolescent girls around the world and has become a public health problem in many countries. Iron supplementation is one of public health intervention used to prevent adolescents from iron deficiency anaemia. Various countries have widely applied this program to reduce and prevent anaemia in adolescent and pregnant women.Objectives: Therefore, this literature review will discuss the effects of iron supplementation program on adolescent girls.Materials and Methods: This study was a systematic literature review of eight articles. These articles were found from scientific journal articles from five databases (Proquest, Science direct, EbscoHost, Pubmed, SAGE).Results: Our study showed iron supplementation in adolescent girls increased haemoglobin status, serum ferritin and decreased anaemia prevalence.Conclusion: Initiatives for iron supplementation programs among adolescent girls are necessary to reduce iron deficiency anaemia.

The effect of flexitarian diets on high-densit- lipoprotein (HDL) serum in obese female students Rubyanti, Septiana Dwi; Margawati, Ani; Afifah, Diana Nur; Dieny, Fillah Fithra
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.115-125

Background: Obesity in female students affects metabolic profiles and reproduction. Consuming a plant-based diet can inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, thereby reducing the risk of obesity. The lipid profile plays a crucial role in metabolism and includes high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which has a protective effect against cardiovascular disorders, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.Objective: To analyze the effect of flexitarian diets on changes in serum HDL levels in obese female students.Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pre-post-test control group was employed. Twenty-two female students aged 19-25 years were selected using consecutive sampling. The subjects were divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a flexitarian diet for 4 weeks consisting of three meals and two snacks totaling 1500 calories per day. Both groups were provided with educational leaflets about obesity and balanced nutrition. Food intake was assessed using a 3x24-hour food recall, while physical activity was measured using the IPAQ-SF questionnaire. Serum HDL levels were analyzed enzymatically before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 25, including the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and the Mann-Whitney test.Results: There was a significant decrease in serum HDL levels in the intervention group (2.00 ± 2.83 mg/dL), while serum HDL levels in the control group increased (3.27 ± 8.25 mg/dL), although this increase was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean change in HDL levels (p > 0.05).Conclusion: A flexitarian diet for 4 weeks can lead to a significant reduction in serum HDL levels.

The effect of soy milk on haemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anaemia Sugiarsih, Ugi; Solihah, Eneng; Budiarti, Yati
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 12, No 2 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.12.2.70-79

Background: Anaemia is one of the health problems that occur in pregnant women, often associated with a lack of iron intake. One approach to overcoming iron deficiency anaemia is through the use of functional foods, such as soy milk, because it contains high protein and iron, which can stimulate the production of red blood cells. This study aims to determine the effect of soy milk on haemoglobin levels in pregnant women with anaemia. This research method uses a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The intervention group underwent an initial haemoglobin level check (Haemoglobin 1), followed by a 15-day intervention period by consuming soy milk (250 ml/day) and Fe tablets (2x1/day). On day 16, the haemoglobin level was re-evaluated (Haemoglobin 2). Meanwhile, the control group also underwent an initial haemoglobin level check (Haemoglobin 1) and then received iron tablets (2x1/day), with a follow-up haemoglobin level check on day 16 (Haemoglobin 2). The total sample size was 130 people (65 people in the intervention group and 65 people in the control group). Sampling was purposive sampling, and the data were analysed with a dependent t-test for the intervention group, a Wilcoxon test for the control group, and a Mann-Whitney test. The majority of respondents were between 20 and 35 years old (94.6%), had junior high school education (63.15%), did not work (75.4%), had a had a parity less than 2 (76.9%), and had a had a low knowledge level (70.8%). After the intervention, haemoglobin levels increased by 0.9. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the mean haemoglobin levels before and after soy milk consumption (p = 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in haemoglobin levels between the intervention group and the control group (p = 0.001). Soy milk consumption showed a positive effect on haemoglobin levels in anaemic pregnant women. Soy milk consumption (2x250 ml/day) can be an alternative to increasing haemoglobin levels in pregnant women.

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