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Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 25490273     EISSN : 25490273     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Background: Increased blood pressure for a long time can increase the risk of kidney failure, co­ronary heart disease, brain damage, and other di­seases. In 2019, it is estimated that hyper­tens­ion is experienced by 1.13 billion people in the world with most (two thirds) living in low and mid­­dle income countries. Other study also shows that the police and military are at risk of develop­ing hypertension due to a number of factors such as low know­led­ge about healthy and nutritious food, co-workers who are smokers, and consum­ing alco­hol. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for hypertension in the police and military in the world using meta analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-ana­lysis and systematic review. The articles used we­re obtained from Google Scholar, Springer Link, Pro­­Quest, and Science Direct databases. Selected arti­cles published from 2000 to 2020. Keywords to search for articles are as follows: hypertension po­lice personnel and military, or hypertension po­lice personnel and military. The articles studi­ed are 3 full text articles with cross sectional stu­dy designs and 1 full text articles with case cont­rol study design. Articles are col­lect­ed using PRI­S­­­MA diagrams, and analy­zed us­ing the Re­vi­ew Ma­nager application 5.3. Results: Overweight (aOR= 1.42; 95% CI = 1.01 to 2.00; p= 0.04), alcohol consumption (aOR­=­ 1.­55; 95% CI= 1.12 to 2.12; p= 0.007), ciga­rette con­­­­sumption (aOR= 1.45 ; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.97; p= 0.020) is a risk factor for hyper­­­tension in the po­­­lice and military. Conclusion: Overweight, alcohol consump­tion, and cigarette consump­tion, are risk fac­tors for hypertension in po­lice and military personnel.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 659 Documents
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Efficient Biomedical Waste Management- Need of the Time: A Lesson Learnt From COVID-19 Pandemic Kanaparty, Kiran Prakash; Vemu, Deepti; Zia, Syeda Fahada; Vyankatesh, Mavatkar Munnaji; Sravani, Gavireddy
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.03.10

Abstract

Background: Medical waste management (MWM) is of concern to the medical and general com-munity. Adequate knowledge regarding the management of healthcare waste is an important precursor to the synthesis of appropriate attitudes and practices of proper handling and disposal of medical waste by healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and housekeeping staff, regarding BMW management at a tertiary hospital in Telangana.Subjects and Method: This was a cross‑sectional study carried out at a tertiary health care center in Mahbubnagar district, Telangana, India. A stratified sampling technique was used to select the different cadre of healthcare providers from the hospital. A self‑administered questionnaire assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practices of 300 study participants was prepared. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.Results: The majority of respondents were nursing staff 43% (143/300) followed by doctors, interns, sanitation workers, and lab technicians. About 3/4th of the HCWs had experience of more than 3 years. Only 65% of the doctors have correct knowledge of the colour coding of bags. About only 20% of the nursing staff practiced segregation of the waste on-site. The practice of hand washing was significantly higher among female HCWs (p = 0.010).Conclusion: This study showed that there is a clear lack of BMW management among the HCW especially class IV staff who handle a large. Thus ongoing training should be provided to HCWs on MWM, with more attention to knowledge of regulatory requirements, and involvement of HCWs in the development of MWM policies to enhance compliance.
Meta-Analysis: Effects of Lession and Exposed to Risk Factor on Leptospirosis Infection Wicaksono, Satriyo Fajar; Rahardjo, Setyo Sri; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.04.03

Abstract

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that occurs due to interactions between agents, hosts, and the environment. Leptospira bacteria can infect humans through wounds on the skin and mucosa of the body. This study aims to examine the effect of injury history and contact risk factors on the incidence of leptospirosis by using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study carried out using the PICO model. P: Adults. Intervention: injury and contact. Comparison= no injuries and no contact with risk factors. Outcome: Leptospirosis. The meta-analysis was conducted by systematically reviewing articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, and Science Direct. Search keywords “Wound OR Lession AND Leptospira”, “Risk Factor Exposure AND Leptospira”, “Risk Factor AND Leptospira AND adjusted odds ratio”. The inclusion criteria used were full paper articles from 2002-2022 using Indonesian and English. The study design used was observational and the analysis used multivariate adjusted odds ratio results. Articles were collected using the PRISMA diagram and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: Meta-analysis included 22 cross-sectional and case-control studies from Indonesia, India, Iran, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand, Laos, France, Germany, Kenya, Tanzania, Australia, Fiji, British Virgin Islands, Mexico, Jamaica, Peru, and Argentina. Leptospirosis increased with history of injury (aOR= 3.51; 95% CI= 2.94 to 4.19; p<0.001) and contact with risk factors (aOR=1.82; 95% CI=1.25 to 2.65; p=0.002). Conclusion: History of injury and contact with risk factors increases the risk of developing Leptospirosis. Keywords: history of injury, contact risk factors, leptospirosis, meta-analysis Correspondence:Satriyo Fajar Wicaksono. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: dr.satriyofw@student.uns.ac.id. Mobile: +6285641711987.
Meta-Analysis: Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Malnutrition on the Risk of Pneumonia in Children Minawati, Atika Dwi; Murti, Bhisma; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.04.04

Abstract

Background: Exposure to tobacco smoke (ETS) and poor nutritional status affect the risk of pneumonia in children. The purpose of this study was to analyze and estimate the effect of exposure to tobacco smoke and nutritional status in children on the risk of pneumonia. Subjects and Method: The meta-analysis was carried out using the PRISMA flowchart and the PICO model. Population: children under five. Intervention: exposure to tobacco smoke and poor nutritional status. Comparison: no exposure to tobacco smoke and no malnutrition status. Outcome: Pneumonia. The online databases used are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scient Direct with the keywords “Pneumonia” AND “Exposure to tobacco smoke” AND “Poor nutritional status” AND “Children under five years” AND “Multivariate” AND “Cross-sectional”. The inclusion criteria were full-text, cross-sectional study, and published in English. The data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3. Results: A meta-analysis included 14 cross-sectional studies from Hong Kong, Nepal, Mongolia, Morocco, Uganda, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Egypt, and China. The total sample was 52,863 children under five. The results of the meta-analysis showed that exposure to tobacco smoke was 2.08 times more at risk of developing pneumonia than children under five who were not exposed (aOR=2.08; Cl 95%=1.30 to 3.32; p= 0.002). The presence of poor nutritional status is 2.00 times more at risk of experiencing pneumonia than children under five with no malnutrition status. (aOR=2.00; 95% Cl=1.31 to 3.06; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Exposure to tobacco smoke and poor nutritional status in toddlers can increase the risk of pneumonia. Keywords: exposure to tobacco smoke, poor nutritional status, children under five years pneumonia. Correspondence:Atika Dwi Minawati. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: dwiminawatiatika@gmail.com. Mobile: +625212613303.
Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Prolonged Use of High Heels on Low Back Pain in Female Sales Employees Firmanurulita, Fadhila; Kristiyanto, Agus; Prasetya, Hanung
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.04.06

Abstract

Background: Low Back Pain is the pain that is felt from the lower back area to the lower buttocks crease area (Gluteal inferior fold). One of the causes of Low Back Pain is a prolonged and excessive use of high heels. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of the use of high heels on Low Back Pain in sales promotion girls. Subjects and Method: Meta-analyses were carried out according to the PICO model. Population: female sales promotion employee. Intervention: Wearing High Heels. Comparison: Not using High Heels. Outcome: Low Back Pain. The article search in this study was conducted through databases that included PubMed, Google Schoolar, ScienceDirect. The keywords included: "Low Back Pain" AND "Low Back Pain" AND "High Heels" AND "Low Back Pain" "Employee sales" AND "High Heels" "Sales Low Back Pain" (aOR) "Employee sales" And "Employe sales" "Low Back Pain" AND "High Heels" AND "Employe sales", "High Heels AND High Heels" "Low Back pain Employee Sales" AND "High Heels". Full-paper articles with cross-sectional study design. The subjects of the study were users of high heels toward low back pain, the measure of association used was the adjusted odd ratio. The article selection used was PRISMA flow diagram. The analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 Results: A meta-analyss included 10 cross-sectional studies from Africa and Asia. Prolonged use of high heels increased the risk of low back pain in female sales promotion employee (aOR= 1.41; 95% CI= 1.16 to 1.171 p=0.001). Conclusion: Female sales promotion employee who wear high heels have a higher risk of experiencing low back pain. Keywords: sales promotion girl, high heels, low back pain. Correspondence:Fadhila Firmanurulita. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: missdhila18@gmail.com. Mobile. +6285740045026.  
Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Exposure to Indoor Cigarette Smoke in Pregnant Women on the Risk of Infants Low Birth Weight Ramadhani, Dinda Nur Asri Mutiara; Budhiastuti, Uki Retno; Murti, Bhisma
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.04.05

Abstract

Background: Problems related to low birth weight are often found in developing countries. Expo-sure to cigarette smoke is one of the factors causing low birth weight, in this case caused by the chemicals in cigarettes which affect the health of pregnant women and babies. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to secondhand smoke in the home on pregnant women on the risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA flow chart and the PICO model. Population: pregnant women. Intervention: exposure to household ciga-rette smoke is high. Comparison: household exposure to secondhand smoke is low. Outcome: low birth weight. The databases used are PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct with keywords (“Pregnancy Women” OR “Passive Smoking” OR “Low Birth Weight”) AND “Case Control Study”. A total of 9 articles met the inclusion criteria, namely primary full text paper, case-control design, adjus-ted Odds Ratio (aOR), research subjects of pregnant women, interventions in the form of high cigarette smoke exposure, and outcomes in the form of low birth weight for analysis carried out with RevMan 5.3. Results: A meta-analysis has been carried out on 9 articles with a case-control study design from the Asian Continent and the African Continent in pregnant women with a sample size of 4,244. The results of the meta-analysis showed that pregnant women who were exposed to secondhand smoke from the environment had a risk of giving birth to babies with low birth weight 1.82 times compared to those not exposed to secondhand smoke and the effect of exposure was statistically significant (aOR= 1.82; 95% CI= 1.54 to 2.16; p <0.001). Conclusion: The effects of exposure to cigarette smoke in pregnant women can increase the risk of low birth weight babies. Keywords: passive smokers, low birth weight, pregnant women, babies, Correspondence:Dinda Nur Asri Mutiara Ramadhani. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: mutiaradinda42@gmail.com Mobile: +6282323346406
Risk Factors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Yogyakarta Nuraisyah, Fatma; Juliana, Ningsih; Astaria, Dana; Khalisah, Noor; Fatih, Dzikrina Miftahul Fitri Al; Dewi, Syamsumin Kurnia; Sunarti; Marwati, Triyani
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.02.06

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) increases along with the increasing prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. The frequency of TB in type 2 DM patients (10 to 15%) and the prevalence of this infectious disease is 2 to 5 times higher in DM patients compared to non-diabetics. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for pulmonary TB in T2DM patients in Yogyakarta.Subjects and Method: This study uses a case-control study design conducted at RESPIRA Lung Hospital Yogyakarta from January 16 to February 20, 2023. The number of samples was 52 people with a total of 26 people in the case and control groups. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling technique. The independent variables were age, gender, employment, education, BMI, smoking status, clinical symptoms, family history of TB, previous history of TB, and income level). The dependent variable is the incidence of TB in DM patients. Control groups are respondents without a diagnosis of DM and TB patients. Conversely, the cases are personal with diagnosis TB and DM patient Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out descriptively, bivariate with Chi-square, and multivariate with multiple logistic regression.Results: The demonstrated research that the risk factors that influence the incidence of TB in T2DM patients are gender (aOR = 9.60; 95% CI: 0.14 to 55.96; p=0.012), Age (aOR=0.24; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.76; p=0.015).Conclusion: The female sex has a 9.60 times higher risk of experiencing TB compared to men in T2DM patients.
The Effect of Neoalgae Spirulina Supplements Intakes on Increasing Body Height and Weight of Stunting Children in Mranggen, Sukoharjo, Central Java Ani, Nur; Maharani, Nine Elissa; Nugraho, Farid Setyo; Rahardjo, Budhi; Utami, Amrih Gancar
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.03.12

Abstract

Background: Children who are stunted have a higher risk of experiencing health and brain development disorders, and have a lower likelihood of achievement and a bright future. Spirulina is one of the food sources enriched with nutrients that affect the nutritional status of children. The study aims to discover the effect of the administration of Spirulina Neoalgae supplements on increasing the height and weight of stunting toddlers in Mranggen village. Subjects dan Method: The study used a quasi-experimental design conducted in Mranggen Village, Sukoharjo, Central Java. A total of 100 toddlers selected using total sampling were included in this study. The independent variable in this study was the intervention of Spirulina Neoalgae supplements and the dependent variables in this study were body weight and height. Toddlers were given supplement interventions for 4 weeks. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using the Paired-Test. Results: Before the intervention the average height was (Mean= 82.92; SD = 8.77) and body weight was (Mean= 9.97; SD= 2.09). After the supplement intervention for 2 weeks, the average height was (Mean= 83.56; SD = 8.61) and body weight was (Mean= 10.11; SD= 2.07). Average height (Mean= 84.56; SD= 8.57) and body weight (Mean= 11.04; SD = 2.10) in week four increased and the result was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: The administration of neoalgae supplements affects increasing height and weight in stunted children in Mranggen Village, Sukoharjo, Central Java.   Keywords: Supplements, Neoalgae, Nutritional Status, Height, Weight, Stunting
Mortality Risk Factors of COVID-19 Inpatients at Panembahan Senopati Hospital, Bantul, Yogyakarta Wahyuningsih, Christiana Sri; Asih, Esthi Budhi; Vinantika, Ledy; Sulistiani, Ria
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.04.07

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate (CFR) in Bantul district is 2.64%. This figure is higher than the world CFR reported by WHO of 2.07%. Panembahan Senopati Regional General Hospital is a hospital owned by the Regional Government of Bantul Regency and is one of the COVID-19 referral hospitals. This study aims to determine the characteristics and risk factors for the death of inpatient COVID-19 patients at Panembahan Senopati Hospital. Subjects and Method: This type of study is observational analytic with a retrospective cross-sectional design. This research was carried out from July to September 2021 at Panembahan Senopati Hospital. A total of 289 research subjects were selected in total sampling. The dependent variable is the mortality of COVID-19 patients. The independent variables were age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic renal failure, heart disease, immunological disorders, and chronic liver failure. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Risk factors for death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Age ≥60 years was 2.13 times more likely to cause death (OR = 2.13; CI 95% = 1.24 to 3.66; p=0.006). Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes Mellitus were 2.31 times more likely to cause death (OR= 2.31; CI 95% =1.30 to 4.12; p=0.004). Hospitalized Covid-19 patients with comorbid hypertension 2.18 times chance of causing death (OR= 2.18; CI95% =1.12 to 4.25; p= 0.021). Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with comorbid chronic renal failure were likely to cause 3.25 times the death rate (OR= 3.25; CI 95%= 1.11 to 9.51; p=0.031). Conclusion: Risk factors for death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients are age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Keywords: Hospitalization, death, COVID-19 patients Correspondence:Christiana Sri Wahyuningsih. Nursing and Quality Assurance, Panembahan Senopati Hospital. Jl. Dr. Wahidin Sudiro Husodo, Trirenggo, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Email: anachristi19@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281287783924.
Incidence of Tuberculosis in Primary Health Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study and Perspective from Eastern Indonesia Makbul, Firshan; Amir, Darmawati
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2024.09.01.11

Abstract

Background: Efforts to fight tuberculosis (TB) infection requires a deep understanding of disease control trends to consistently sustain and enhance the identification and treatment of at-risk populations. Indonesia is the third highest globally in TB cases, followed by India and China, accounting for about 10% of all cases. Over the past ten years, Indonesia has witnessed significant TB case reporting and treatment coverage growth. This study aimed to analyze TB case occurrences in a primary health-care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic.Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study, which included data from the Puskesmas Lau reports from July 2021 to July 2022. A total of 71 patients were conducted using the total sampling method. The collected data were processed descriptively to summarize participants' demographic characteristics and clinical profiles and various important indicators from WHO were analyzed to determine its effectiveness.Results: The center's tuberculosis screening efforts have not reached their optimal level, falling below the national standard of ≥70% for the Case Detection Rate (CDR). However, the treatment success rate (SR) exceeds 90%.Conclusion: The evaluation of the TB control program at Puskesmas Lau reveals achievements in some areas but also highlights challenges posed by the pandemic and the need for strengthened strategies to improve case detection and management. Perceived vulnerability, seriousness, benefit, and barrier, as well as the availability of DOTS treatment, affect treatment adherence. Partnership between patients and health care personnel is recommended to increase the success of TB treatment. Keywords: Tuberculosis, primary health care, COVID-19, longitudinal study, health services
Effects of Chest Physiotherapy and Effective Cough Exercise on Sputum Clearance and Respiratory Frequency in Tuberculosis Patients Windiastoni, Yoga Handita; Basuki, Nur; Haritsah, Nurul Fithriati
Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health Vol. 8 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26911/jepublichealth.2023.08.04.11

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chest physiotherapy and cough exercises are one of the commonly used methods as part of TB treatment. This study aimed to determine the effects of chest physiotherapy and cough exercises on sputum clearance and respiratory frequency in TB patients. Subjects and Method: This was a quasy experiment study with no control group. The study was conducted at Dungus Respiratory Hospital, Madiun, East Java. A sample of 26 TB patients was selected purposively. The independent variables in the study were effective cough and chest physiotherapy. The dependent variable in this study was sputum discharge. Chest and cough physiotherapy interventions are effective in patients 3 times. This study used a measuring instrument in the form of a sputum glass. The data collected were analyzed quantitatively using the Mann-Whitney test to determine the effect of chest physiotherapy and effective cough exercises on pulmonary tuberculosis conditions. Results: After combination interventions of chest physiotherapy and effective cough exercises, sputum released (Mean= 29.35; SD= 0.85) was higher than before (Mean= 23.65; SD= 0.68). Respiratory frequency after intervention (Mean= 25.88; SD= 0.73) was higher than before (Mean= 27.12; SD= 0.98). Conclusion: Sputum secretion and respiratory frequency are higher than before chest physiotherapy and cough exercises in TB patients. Keywords: chest physiotherapy, cough exercise, physiotherapy, tuberculosis. Correspondence:Nurul Fithriati Haristah. Study Program of Physiotherapy, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta. Email: nurulfithriati_haritsa@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6285157577816.  

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