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Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 2549385X     EISSN : 26215985     DOI : 10.21580/wjc
Core Subject : Science,
Chemistry
Walisongo journal of chemistry is a peer reviewed and open access journal published by Chemistry Department, faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Walisongo Semarang. This journal covering all areas of chemistry including inorganic, organic, physic, analytic, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry. Walisongo Journal of Chemistry publish two issues annually (July and October). Article which accepted in this journal was written by Bahasa and English.
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Articles 203 Documents
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Utilization of Jengkol Peel (Pithecellobium jiringa) as an Adsorbent of Iron Metal Mutiara Fildza; Rohmatullaili Rohmatullaili; Ade Oktasari
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v5i2.11582

Abstract

Cellulose, which has the active group OH, is found in Jengkol peel. Jengkol peel has the potential to be utilized as an adsorbent for Iron (Fe) metal because it contains these active groups. The FT-IR spectrophotometer instrument was used to confirm the presence of the -OH group in the Jengkol peel adsorbent, which was observed at the peak of the OH vibration at wave number 3293 cm1. Utilizing NaOH (0.1 M), the active group was activated. With an adsorption percentage of 96.24%, pH 7 was the optimum adsorption pH. With an adsorption percentage of 99.20%, 25 minutes was indeed the optimum contact time. With an adsorption capacity value of 8.581 mg/g, the binding of Fe metal by the adsorbent active group occurs in the complex formation mechanism, it was indicating a relatively high adsorption efficiency.
Potential of Essential Oil Eucalyptus botryoides Leaves as an Antibacterial in Hand Sanitizer Andi Nur Fitriani Abubakar; Syahdam Karneng; Firnanelty Firnanelty; Rezki Nur Damayanti; St. Aisyah; Ahmad Bikharuddin
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v5i2.13292

Abstract

Hand sanitizer is an antiseptic product that is widely used to prevent the spread of bacteria and viruses. Hand sanitizer preparations circulating in the market still use alcohol as an antibacterial agent. One of the natural antibacterial Eucalyptus is an antibacterial agent, and essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus can be named as natural ingredient. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of essential oil E. botryoides leaves as an antibacterial ingredient to make of hand sanitizer. Eucalyptus essential oil is extracted from its leave using steam distillation method and formulated in the making of hand sanitizer gel with various concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%. The formulation of hand sanitizer gel was tested for antibacterial, organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, and dispersibility. The results showed that the more concentration of essential oil from Eucalyptus botryoides leaves added to the hand sanitizer gel, the more its antibacterial activity increased. The results of organoleptic observations, homogeneity, pH, and dispersibility of hand sanitizer gel preparations have met the requirements of SNI No.06-2588-1992. Thus, essential oil from E. botryoides leaves has potential as an antibacterial in hand sanitizer gel products.
Adsorption of Copper Ion from Acidic Wastewater by Local Natural Zeolite Candra Yulius Tahya; Melanie Cornelia; Tagor M Siregar; Muhammad Ikhsan Taipabu
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v5i2.11714

Abstract

Natural zeolites are available in Indonesia in very large quantities and are available in the market at very affordable prices. The use of zeolite has developed in various fields of industry, water treatment and wastewater treatment. The study on the ability of local natural zeolite to adsorb copper from acidic wastewater from a laboratory in Tangerang has been conducted.  XRD data show that the local natural zeolite consists of mordenite as main mineral and quartz as an accessory mineral. Acid activation of zeolite with HCl 3 M could remove quartz impurities from natural zeolite based on XRD data. Mordenite is one of the most abundant zeolite minerals and commercially used for many purposes including adsorbents, catalyst, fertilizer, and gas separation. The crystallinity of mordenite decreases throughout the process of acid activation and calcination. The calcined zeolite has better copper adsorption ability compared to local natural zeolite without any treatment. The optimum copper adsorption percentage is 14.554% at solution pH of 0.3 by using 10 grams of calcined zeolite in 200 mL of wastewater solution.
Quantitative Relationships Between Structure and Activity of Gamma-Carboline Derivative Compounds as Anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Using Semi-Empirical AM1 Method Mutista Hafshah; Irvan Maulana Firdaus; Suratno Suratno
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v5i2.13409

Abstract

This research aims to study the quantitative structure and activity relationship (QSAR) of gamma-carboline derivative compounds as anti-BVDV agents to get an equation that can predict the value of the anti-BVDV activity of gamma-carboline derived compounds. The research material is experimental EC50 data that convert to anti-BVDB activity. 14 gamma-carboline derivative compounds are divided into 2 groups, namely, 11 fitting compounds and 3 test compounds. QSAR analysis is based on multilinear regression calculations of the fitting compound by plotting the EC50 log as the dependent variable and the descriptor as the independent variable. The used descriptors are atomic net charge (q) and dipole moment (µ), which are involved in calculations using the AM1 semiempirical quantum mechanics method. In addition, the partition coefficient of n-octanol/water (Log P), molecular polarizability (α), molecular weight (BM), Van Der Waals surface area (A vdw), Van Der Waals volume (V vdw), and index of refraction (RD) are obtained from QSAR properties. The resulting QSAR equation is: Log pEC50 = -48.670 – 124.801 (qC11) – 12.661 (α) – 0.918 (µ) – 0.876 (RD) – 0.999 (Log P) + 1.863 (BM) + 0.043 (V vdw) with n = 14; r = 0.937; r2 = 0.878; SD = 0.244; Fcount/Ftable = 1.466; PRESS = 0.749; Sig. = 0.02 This equation can be used as an initial guide for designing the structure of new compounds of the gamma-carboline class by considering some of the most influential descriptors. Consequentially, new compounds can be designed that have a smaller predicted EC50 value than the known compounds derived from gamma-carboline.
Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles: A Review Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto; Annisa Moza Nabila; Faradhina Salfa Nindya; Nur'aini Berliana; Nur Shafa Oktaviani; Selmi Fiqhi Khoiriah; Tedi Kurniawan
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v5i2.10008

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from different green synthesis medium and their various particle sizes on antibacterial activity. The article review method compares the results of 11 studies obtained from the PubMed database, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect indexed by Scopus in the last five years. The search was conducted based on the phrases nanoparticles, antibacterial, Green synthesis, and AgNPs. Green synthesis of AgNPs with various plant extracts produces different sizes of nanoparticles. The smallest size AgNPs were obtained in the range of 5-15 nm and an average of 13 nm extracted using the leaves of the Pacific Yew tree (Taxus brevifolia). Meanwhile, AgNPs with the best antibacterial effectiveness were obtained from the Blume flower extract (Wedelia urticifolia) measuring less than 30 nm providing a zone of inhibition for S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa bacteria.
Alginate-Based Nanoencapsulation on Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Parijoto Fruit (Medinilla Speciosa Blume) and Its Antioxidant Activity Rissa Laila Vifta; Diah Nurlaila; Sahri Yanti
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 5, No 2 (2022): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v5i2.12509

Abstract

Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Blume) has very strong antioxidant activity, but the bioavailability was low. Therefore, Parijoto should be formed into a nanoparticle. The research aimed to determine the characterization and IC₅₀ value of nanoencapsulated Parijoto. Encapsulation was done using ionic gelation with alginate: CaCl₂ ratio 0.05%:0.05% (b/v). The ultrasonication was modified by a variation in frequency and sonication time. The characterization of nanoparticles was carried out using PSA to show the particle size and polydispersity index (pdI), and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer to show the percent of transmittance. The antioxidant activity was determined using FRAP assay. The characterization of pre-sonicated nanoextract was 265 nm of particle size, 0,472 of PdI, and 98,29% of transmittance. The best condition of sonication effect is given from 45 Hz of frequency and 15 minutes in time. The lower particle size from sonicated nanoextract was 218 nm, 0,415 of PdI, 99,56% percent of transmittance, and IC50 value obtained 1.696±0,014 ppm with a very strong category.
Production of Biogas with Two-Stage Fermentation of Cow Dung-Palm Oil Mill Effluent NH, Harmiwati; Supriadi, Eko; Rahmad, Dedy; Akbar, Addin; Khairati, Miftahul; Amrin, M. Zhafran Zharif; Adi, Tegar Trikora; Suhardito, Ibnu; Hidayat, Salsabila Alifia; Phuong, Nguyen Thi Thanh
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2023): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v6i1.13541

Abstract

In this research, biogas is produced from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) by fermentation of cow dung using a stirred reactor and purified by various CO2 and H2S removal techniques. The variables in this study were: composition of cow dung (55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80% w/w), amino acid composition (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% w/w) and length of fermentation time (2, 6, 10, 14, 16 days). The fixed variables were stirring speed (100 rpm), temperature (30oC) and reactor volume (100 L). This research also investigated the effect of using a lime packed reactor on the purity of methane gas. From the results of first stage of fermentation, it was found that the optimum composition of cow dung-POME was at 60% and the fermentation time was 14 days. In the second stage of fermentation using optimum results at first stage compared to fermentation of cow dung without POME, the results of measuring the gas pressure produced in 60% cow dung-POME fermentation were 17.5 Psig greater than fermentation of cow dung without POME of 15 Psig.
Adsorption of Lubricant Waste by Porous Materials: A Review Wathi, Ayu Fahimah Diniyah; Dewi, Shofrina Surya; El-Ridlo, Nuruddin Kafy; Wijayanti, Sukma Wahyu; Masbukhin, Faizal Akhmad Adi; Bikharudin, Ahmad
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2023): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v6i1.14998

Abstract

The rapid development of technology today cannot be separated from the role of various kinds of machines to produce or increase the use value of an item. The more the engine operates, the more lubricant is used. Lubricants are included in the category of B3 waste (Toxic Hazardous Materials) so that they have a negative impact on the environment. Nearly 50% of all mineral lubricants enter the environment and cause irreparable environmental damage due to direct contact with water and soil. One of the efforts that can be done to reduce the B3 content in used lubricants is adsorption using a porous adsorbent. This study aims to see the relationship between the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbent with the physical and chemical properties of the adsorbate. This research was conducted by studying the literature of scientific articles with related topics. The results showed that some contaminants such as organic compounds, inorganic species, soot, hydrocarbons, and ash can be adsorbed with various adsorbents, namely modified sawdust, bentonite, fly ash, activated carbon, activated alumina, and zeolite Y derived from kaolin.
Evaluation of the Influence of pH on the Release of Exchangeable Cations from a Mixed Clay Mineral Deposit for Replenishment of Soil Nutrients Irabor, Emmanuel Enoguan Ighodaro; Esanukpe, Linda; Imafidon, Monday Idiaghe; Ogbeide, Osahon Kennedy; Okunzuwa, Iyobosa Gift; Unuigbe, Charles Akhadelor; Omoruyi, Uwaila
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2023): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v6i1.16776

Abstract

Soil nutrients consist of minerals such as Ca, Mg, K and Na ions among others which are essential to plant growth. Soils can become deficient in these nutrients on account of pollution, flooding and over cultivation. The soil condition can be ameliorated by addition of clay minerals which are rich in aforementioned cations. The mineralogy of the clay mineral was investigated using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and the effect of pH variation on the release of exchangeable cations of the clay mineral deposit were investigated by varying the pH of the solution in which the clay mineral was immersed whereas the amount of the cations released were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer(AAS) and Flame Emission Spectrophotometer.  Three clay minerals clinochlore, kaolinite and illite were detected. The quantity of cations released from the clay mineral varied with pH; and the pH at which the maximum quantity   of the cations were released were pH4 for K+ ions(4.63±0.38cmol/kg), pH7 Ca2+ (12.09±0.96 cmol/kg) and Mg2+(3.48±0.08 cmol/kg) ions and pH8 for Na+(7.81±0.58 cmol/kg) ions respectively for site 1. This trend was observed in the three sites that were studied. This study has revealed that different pH conditions are required if this mixed clay mineral is to be employed in the remediation of nutrient deficiency in any soil in respect of a particular mineral.
Analysis of the Reaction Kinetic of Pyrolysis Process in the Styrofoam Waste by using Catalyst Cu Herdianto, Monek; Kholidah, Nurul; Mariyamah, Mariyamah
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol 6, No 1 (2023): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v6i1.9675

Abstract

Styrofoam is one of the biggest contributors to plastic waste. Styrofoam includes polystyrene plastics derived from styrene monomers, which cannot decompose naturally. The method commonly used to process plastic waste is pyrolysis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the number of Cu catalysts on the kinetics of the reaction in the Styrofoam waste pyrolysis process. Based on the research that has been done, the addition of cu catalysts affects the kinetics of the reaction in the pyrolysis process of styrofoam waste. The fastest rate of reaction is a catalyst of 8%, while for the slow rate, the catalyst is 0%. In the catalytic reaction, 10% of the reaction rate is decreased. This is due to the formation of lumps between the catalyst and the styrofoam that makes the catalytic reaction not work optimally. 

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