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Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya
Published by Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26857065     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36526/jc
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering
Jurnal crystal merupakan jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh program studi kimia Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi. Jurnal ini memuat dan menerbitkan jurnal yang sesuai dengan bidang ilmu kimia murni dan terapannya yang terbit dua kali dalam setahun yaitu bulan maret dan september. adapun penerbitan jurnal didasari dengan komitmen pada kelayakan penulisan artikel ilmiah, prosedur dan format penulisan, dan kontinuitas publikasi.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 151 Documents
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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI AKTIVATOR KOH PADA KUALITAS KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SINGKONG Mahirullah; Afrianti S. Lamuru; Rosalin; Suriadi; Nurfiansyah; Nangsih Sulastri Slamet; Hasni
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6780

Abstract

The aim of the research was to examine the effect of varying KOH concentrations on the properties of activated carbon produced from cassava peel waste. Cassava peel can produce activated carbon or charcoal as a result of the activation process using a physicochemical method utilizing chemical activators and chemical activation to obtain a high level of biomaterial composition and carbon content. Cassava peel charcoal will be soaked with a chemical activator (KOH) for 24 hours using different KOH concentrations, namely 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%. The properties of the activated carbon produced are determined by SNI No. 06-3730-1995. Tests will be carried out on iodine absorption capacity, water content and ash content as part of this characterization test. The results of this study indicate that the activated carbon produced from all treatments of KOH concentrations of 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% do not meet the SNI No. 16-3730-1995 standards for fixed carbon content (> 25%), volatile matter (< 65%) or iodine absorption capacity (< 750 mg / g). Activated carbon produced using 5% KOH had the best absorption capacity of 354.43 mg/g compared to the other three concentrations.
EKSPLORASI ZAT WARNA ALAMI DARI KULIT KAYU TINGI (Ceriops Tagal) DENGAN VARIASI TEKNIK PEMORDANAN Atina Khoiron Nisa; Aminatur Rosyidah
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6848

Abstract

Natural dyes derived from plant materials have attracted increasing attention as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic dyes in the textile industry. One potential natural dye source is the bark of the tingi tree (Ceriops tagal), which is known to contain tannin compounds capable of producing brownish color on textiles. This study aimed to determine the optimal mordanting technique in the dyeing process of cotton fabric using tingi bark extract. The research employed an experimental laboratory approach by applying three mordanting techniques, namely pre-mordanting, meta-mordanting, and post-mordanting, using alum as a mordant. The extract was obtained through a decoction method and applied to cotton fabric through repeated immersion. Color quality was evaluated through visual assessment by 15 panelists and color fastness testing against washing using staining scale and grey scale according to SNI ISO 105-C06-2010. The results showed that the meta-mordanting technique produced the most intense and uniform color with an average panelist score of 4, higher than pre-mordanting and post-mordanting techniques. Color fastness to washing also indicated better performance with values ranging from 3 to 4. Statistical analysis using the Friedman K-Related Samples test showed a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant difference among the mordanting techniques. These findings suggest that the meta-mordanting technique is the most effective method for improving dye absorption and color stability in cotton fabrics dyed with tingi bark extract, supporting its potential application in sustainable textile dyeing processes.
POTENSI TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN KULIT JENGKOL SEBAGAI BAHAN ALTERNATIF BRIKET BIOPELLET DENGAN PEREKAT TEPUNG TAPIOKA UNTUK ENERGI TERBARUKAN Dini Aulia Sari Ermal; Cici Maarasyid; Viona Aulia Rahmi; Lisa Legawati; Muhammad Yusri; Vriska Febiandini
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6906

Abstract

The global energy demand continues to rise, while dependence on fossil fuels such as LPG remains high, leading to resource depletion and increased greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to explore the potential of coconut shell and jengkol peel as alternative raw materials for biopellet briquettes using tapioca flour as a binder, in support of renewable energy development. The methods included carbonization of raw materials, formulation of briquettes with varying ratios of coconut shell to jengkol peel (TK1 : KJ3, TK2 : KJ2, TK3 : KJ1) and binder concentrations (20%, 30%, 40%), followed by characterization based on moisture content, ash content, density, calorific value, compressive strength, and Energy Performance Index (EPI). Results showed that briquettes with a 2:2 ratio and 20% binder exhibited the best overall performance, with a calorific value of 11,794 cal/g, density of 0.987 g/cm³, moisture content of 7.258%, ash content 5,602 %, and an EPI of 1.604. These values meet or approach the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-6235-2000) for charcoal briquettes. The study concludes that coconut shell and jengkol peel are viable materials for biopellet production, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy alternative.
GC–MS CHARACTERIZATION OF FATTY ACID ALKYL ESTERS IN BIODIESEL PRODUCED FROM WASTE COOKING OIL Gading Bagus Mahardika; Agung Prabowo; Syarifuddin Oko; Muh Irwan; Alvyano
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.6976

Abstract

This study aims to identify and characterize the major compounds in biodiesel produced through the transesterification of vegetable oils using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). The analysis was conducted to evaluate the composition of fatty acid esters—specifically Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE)—which play a crucial role in determining biodiesel quality. Three biodiesel samples were analyzed, revealing dominant peaks at retention times between 15 and 17 minutes, identified as methyl palmitate (C₁₇H₃₄O₂), methyl oleate (C₁₉H₃₆O₂), and methyl stearate (C₁₉H₃₈O₂). The total content of these major esters ranged from 85% to 92%, indicating an efficient conversion of triglycerides into esters. The resulting chemical profile exhibited a balanced proportion of saturated and unsaturated compounds, providing high oxidative stability and favorable cold flow properties. These findings demonstrate that the produced biodiesel meets the requirements of international standards ASTM D6751 and EN 14214, confirming its potential as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel.
SUSTAINABLE LIGNIN EXTRACTED FROM BANANA STEM BIOMASS AS A FUNCTIONAL UV-BLOCKING INGREDIENT IN SUNSCREEN Sheryl Ayesha; Nanda Aurelia Salsabila S; Teguh Pambudi; Hasti Asfarina; Hilman Imadul Umam; Fajar Amelia Rachmawati Putri
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.7005

Abstract

Banana stem biomass, an abundant agricultural by-product, contains significant lignin content and offers strong potential for valorization through green extraction technologies. In this study, lignin was extracted using an environmentally friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) composed of choline chloride and citric acid and subsequently incorporated into sunscreen cream formulations at concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 4%. The photoprotective performance of the formulations was evaluated through UV–Vis spectrophotometry, while pH measurements ensured compliance with SNI 16-4399-1996. FTIR analysis was conducted to compare the structural characteristics of DES-extracted lignin with those obtained using conventional NaOH extraction. The results revealed that all lignin-based formulations effectively absorbed UVA (320–400 nm) and UVB (280–320 nm) radiation, with UV absorbance increasing alongside lignin concentration; the 4% formulation showed the strongest UV-blocking capability. All samples maintained a skin-compatible pH of approximately 6. FTIR spectra further indicated that DES-extracted lignin preserved aromatic structures more effectively than NaOH-extracted lignin. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of banana stem-derived lignin as a natural UV-blocking and antioxidant ingredient for eco-friendly sunscreen products, supporting the advancement of sustainable cosmetic innovation.
DETERMINATION OF LEAD (PB) CONTAMINATION IN LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) FROM VARIOUS COLLECTION SOURCES IN BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA Muhammad Afifi; Suprida Suprida; Agnia Purnama; Ruhul Maghfirah; Mutia Farida
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.7164

Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a vegetable that is often consumed fresh, therefore the safety of its contents needs attention, especially regarding contamination with the heavy metal lead (Pb). This study aims to analyze Pb levels in lettuce obtained from the supermarket, traditional market, and local garden in Banda Aceh City using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method (AAS) and to evaluate differences in Pb content based on the source of acquisition. The analytical method was validated through linearity, sensitivity, and precision. The Pb calibration curve shows a good linear relationship with a coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.9931. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were 0.162 mg/L and 0.492 mg/L, respectively. The precision test at low concentrations yielded a %RSD value of 4.91%, which met the method validation criteria. The results of the analysis showed that the Pb content in lettuce from the supermarket, traditional market, and local garden was 2.54 ± 0.12 mg/kg, 2.60 ± 0.07 mg/kg, and 2.38 ± 0.08 mg/kg, respectively, all of which exceeded the maximum Pb contamination limit according to BPOM (0.2 mg/kg). The one-way ANOVA test showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between Pb levels among the different sources.
PENGARUH VARIASI POTENSIAL ANODISASI TERHADAP SIFAT OPTIK TIO2 NANOTUBE ARRAYS (TNAS) MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANODISASI DUA TAHAP Zahara; Sherly Kasuma Warda Ningsih
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.7322

Abstract

Advances in science and technology have increased interest in semiconductor materials at the nanoscale, especially titanium dioxide (TiO2) with its characteristic optical properties such as band gap energy and light absorption. The growth of nanotube structures using an anodization method with parameters, namely pH, temperature, electrolyte composition, anodization potential, and time. The anodization potential has a significant influence on nanotube growth, including thickness and pore diameter. However, the higher the potential, the risk of charge recombination can occur. TNAs were prepared using a two-stage anodization method using potential variations of 40 V, 45 V, and 50 V for 1 hour in the first stage and 30 minutes in the second stage. UV-Vis DRS characterization showed that the potential of 40 V (3.22 eV), potential of 45 V (3.32 eV), and potential of 50 V (3.37 eV). The optimum potential is 40 V responsive to UV light.
EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PEKTIN DARI LIMBAH KULIT JERUK (CITRUS SINENSIS (L.)) SEBAGAI MATERIAL POTENSIAL ADSORBEN Rifa Fazira Rizki; Muhammad Reza
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.7323

Abstract

Orange peel waste (Citrus sinensis (L.)) is a promising biomass source of pectin for functional materials. The purpose of the research is to extract and analyze pectin from orange peel waste as a potential adsorbent. This work uses an environmentally friendly acid hydrolysis extraction process to prepare adsorbent materials. The extraction was carried out for 45 minutes at 95 °C in a 10% citric acid solvent (pH 1.5). Organic acid was chosen to reduce the breakdown of pectin into pectic acid while simultaneously acting as a cross-linker. The results indicated a yield of 2.545% ± 0.035%. FTIR analysis verified the existence of particular pectin functional groups, including hydroxyl (O-H) vibrations at 3359.78 cm⁻¹, carbonyl (C=O) at 1713.11 cm⁻¹, and C-O ether at 1096.70 cm⁻¹, which is similar to commercial pectin. The abundance of active groups in pectin suggests that the extracted pectin has a great potential for synthesis into porous materials like hydrogels. These materials are designed to act as adsorbents for contaminants in water via physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms, providing green chemistry-based environmental management solutions.
CEMARAN MIKROBA DAN KADAR AIR PADA PENYEDAP RASA ALAMI BERBAHAN DASAR TEMPE DAN UDANG EBI Devita Yudhayanti; Erna Agung Rahmawati; Nurul Nafsika
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.7348

Abstract

The use of MSG in society is usually in the form of cooking spices or broth powder. In the market there are many types and brands. But now many people are starting to reduce the use of MSG, this is because they are starting to realize the dangers and side effects of excessive use of food additives. So many people are starting to shift to using natural flavorings, either derived from pure kitchen spices or natural flavorings. This research is descriptive experimental. This research began with the manufacture of natural flavorings based on tempeh and dried shrimp. Formulations were made for 2 types with different composition ratios of tempeh and shrimp. Both formulations resulting from the manufacture of natural flavorings were then tested hedonic, to obtain market preference results. Furthermore, both formulations were tested for organoleptic, water content and microbial contamination numbers in the form of total plate counts and yeast mold numbers. The purpose of this study was to create the right formulation and test the quality of water content and microbial contamination of the formulations obtained. It is hoped that this research can produce an appropriate formulation with good quality so that it can be used by the community. The conclusion of this study is that the Natural Flavoring Formula is acceptable to the public and meets the water content requirements of 3.94% and 3.96%. Meanwhile, ALT microbial contamination was 17.5 colonies/gram and 30 colonies/gram, respectively. The yeast count was 330 colonies/gram and 4050 colonies/gram
ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR TANAH SUMUR BOR BERDASARKAN PARAMETER FISIKA, KIMIA DAN MIKROBIOLOGI DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS UNIVERSITAS BANGKA BELITUNG Devita Harijayanti; Rinny Saputri; Srigustina; Ultami Faziati; Desma Arifa
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v8i1.7369

Abstract

Groundwater from drilled wells at Universitas Bangka Belitung serves as the primary source for hygiene and sanitation. Groundwater quality is affected by geological conditions and anthropogenic activities, which may lead to contamination. This study aims to assess the quality of water from drilled wells in the UBB campus environment based on physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. The sampling process was carried out at three drilled well points representing the Faculty of Science and Engineering, the Canteen, and the Rectorate using the grab sampling method. Physical parameters include odor, temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), color, and turbidity, whereas chemical parameters include nitrate, nitrite, and dissolved iron (Fe). Microbiological parameters were analyzed as total coliform using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. The results showed that most physical and chemical parameters meet water quality standards required for hygiene and sanitation purposes, although the pH values ranged from 4,89 to 5,98, indicating slightly acidic conditions. The content of nitrate, nitrite, and dissolved Fe was relatively low and did not show any indication of chemical pollution. Microbiological parameters showed total coliform values ​​<1.8 MPN/100 mL at all sampling points, practically indicating no pathogenic bacteria were detected. The quality of the drilled well water at Universitas Bangka Belitung is classified as good and suitable for hygiene and sanitation purposes, however, regular water quality monitoring still required.

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