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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (Littri)
Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri (JLITTRI) aims to publish primary research articles of current research topics, not simultaneously submitted to nor previously published in other scientific or technical ojournals. General review articles will not be accepted. The journal maintains strict standards of content, presentation,and reviewing. SCOPE The journal will consider primary research papers from any source if they make an original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding and application of theories and methodologies of some aspects of agricultural science in Indonesia including: Estate crops; Soil science; Climate science; Agronomy; Plant breeding; Biotechnology; Genetic resources; Plant pathology; Plant physiology; Entomology; Farming system; Postharvest technology; Socio-economic agriculture; Environment; Agricultural extension. The journal publishes Indonesian or English articles. Since the year of 2017, the jurnal is published twice a year in (June and December).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 504 Documents
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DETEKSI SECARA SEROLOGI DAN MOLEKULER BEBERAPA JENIS VIRUS YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN PENYAKIT MOSAIK TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth) MIFTAKHUROHMAH MIFTAKHUROHMAH; GEDE SUASTIKA; TRI ASMIRA DAMAYANTI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.130-138

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenyakit mosaik pada tanaman nilam disebabkan oleh beberapajenis virus, yaitu Potyvirus, Potexvirus, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV),dan Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengidentifikasi secara serologi dan molekuler virus-virus yangberasosiasi dengan gejala mosaik pada nilam di KP. Manoko, KP. Cicurugdan lahan petani di Cijeruk. Sampel daun nilam baik yang menunjukkangejala mosaik atau pun tidak diambil dari setiap lokasi penanamanmasing–masing sebanyak 30 sampel. Kejadian penyakit ditentukan melaluideteksi serologi dengan Direct-ELISA dan Indirect-ELISA terhadap sampelmenggunakan empat antiserum, yaitu CMV, Cymbidium mosaic virus(CymMV), Potyvirus, dan BBWV2. Deteksi molekuler dengan RT-PCRdilakukan untuk mengonfirmasi virus baru yang ditemukan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa gejala infeksi virus yang ditemukan padanilam bervariasi, yaitu mosaik lemah, mosaik kuning hijau, mosaik denganpenebalan, mosaik dengan malformasi daun, dan bintik kuning. Secaraserologi, kejadian virus pada setiap kebun bervariasi. Di KP Manoko,Potyvirus dan BBWV2 lebih dominan (100%) dibandingkan CymMV. DiKP Cicurug, kejadian Potyvirus dan CMV terlihat lebih dominan (83,3 dan80%) dibandingkan BBWV2 dan CymMV, sedangkan di Cijeruk, BBWV2lebih dominan (90%) dari Potyvirus (50%) dan CMV (13,3%). Hasil RT-PCR dengan primer degenerate BBWV, diidentifikasi BBWV2 padasampel daun nilam dari Manoko, Cicurug, dan Cijeruk, sedangkan denganprimer general Potexvirus, diidentifikasi CymMV hanya dari sampel daunnilam dari asal Manoko. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan laporan pertamatentang BBWV2 dan CymMV pada tanaman nilam di Jawa Barat yangmengindikasikan bahwa virus merupakan kendala utama pada perbenihannilam yang harus segera diatasi.Kata kunci: BBWV2, CymMV, mosaik, Pogostemon cablin Benth, PCRABSTRACTMosaic symptoms on patchouli plant are associated with severalviruses, i.e. Potyvirus, Potexvirus, CMV, and BBWV2. The objective ofthe study was to detect virus(es) associated with mosaic symptoms onpatchouli at the the patchouli seed nurseries, in Manoko, Cicurug, andCijeruk. Thirty leaf samples either showing typical symptomatic mosaic orasymptomatic were taken from each location. Serological testing byDirect-ELISA and Indirect-ELISA using four antisera namely CMV,Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV), Potyvirus, and BBWV2 was carriedout to test the incidence of each virus. Molecular detection by RT-PCR wasperformed to confirm the new virus(es). The results showed that symptomsof virus infection were found vary, i.e. weak mosaic, green yellow mosaic,mosaic with thickening, mosaic with leaf malformations, and yellow spot.Based on the serological detection, virus(es) incidence varied at each seednurseries. In Manoko, Potyvirus, and BBWV2 were more dominant(100%) compared with CymMV. In Cicurug, Potyvirus and CMV weremore dominat (83.3 and 80%) compared with BBWV2 and CymMV.While in Cijeruk, BBWV2 was the most dominant (90%) than Potyvirus(50%) and CMV(13.3%). Result of RT-PCR with degenerate primers pairof BBWV was succesfully identified BBWV2 from Manoko, Cicurug, andCijeruk samples, whereas by using Potexvirus general primary, CymMVwas identified only from Manoko samples. BBWV2 and CymMV werefirst reported to infect patchouli in West Java. The result indicate thatvirus(es) are the major constraint on patchouli seed that should bemanaged immediately.Key words: BBWV2, CymMV, mosaic, Pogostemon cablin Benth, PCR
EFEKTIFITAS PENAMBAHAN LAHAN USAHATANI METE DALAM PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN PETANI AGUS WAHYUDI; SUCI WULANDARI; I KETUT ARDANA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 11, No 1 (2005): Maret 2005
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v11n1.2005.37-43

Abstract

ABSTRAKLahan usahatani yang sempit merupakan faktor utama penyebabkemiskinan di wilayah pedesaan. Reformasi agraria dengan redistribusilahan sering dianggap sebagai jalan efektif untuk mengatasi kemiskinan.Pengalaman di beberapa negara ternyata tidak selalu demikian. Mengingatbahwa wilayah usahatani mete merupakan wilayah yang memiliki tingkatkemiskinan yang tinggi maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisispola pengaruh penambahan lahan usahatani mete terhadap peningkatanpandapatan petani di dua wilayah dengan kondisi agribisnis yang berbeda.Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2002 di Propinsi SulawesiTenggara sebagai salah satu sentra produksi mete yang dapat dijadikangambaran kondisi Indonesia. Kabupaten Buton mewakili kondisi agribisnisyang belum berkembang dan Kendari mewakili yang berkembang (duakabupaten yang terbesar populasi rumah tangga mete). Pengambilancontoh acak sederhana digunakan untuk menarik contoh responden dengansatuan contoh usahatani mete, masing-masing 156 dan 136 untuk Butondan Kendari. Data dianalisis melalui regresi, dengan variabel independenluas lahan usahatani (L) dan variabel dependen pendapatan usahatani (I),diperoleh fungsi derivatifnya terhadap L untuk Buton ∂I B /∂L B  =131.925L B 2 – 502.858L B –510.069 (penambahan pendapatan positif mulai4,6 ha); dan Kendari ∂I K /∂L K = -20.967L K 2 +21.0694L K –113.550 (penam-bahan pendapatan positif mulai 0,6 ha dan cenderung menurun setelah 5ha). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa efektifitas penambahan lahan usahataniterhadap pendapatan petani ternyata berbeda pada wilayah yang kondisiagribisnisnya berbeda. Pada wilayah yang belum berkembang (sepertiButon), penambahan lahan kurang efektif dapat meningkatkan pendapatanuntuk melampaui garis kemiskinan, dan penambahan baru efektif lebihbesar dari 5 ha. Sedangkan pada wilayah yang sudah berkembang (sepertiKendari) penambahan lahan sudah efektif dengan penambahan 1,5 ha.Pengembangan agribisnis tersebut antara lain melalui pengembangan polatanam dan industri hilir (pengolahan sederhana) sangat efektif untukmeningkatkan pendapatan petani yang memiliki lahan sempit, danefektifitas ini akan semakin meningkat bila ditunjang dengan peningkatanakses pasar melalui perbaikan infrastruktur.Kata kunci : Mete, Anacardium occidentale L, lahan usahatani, pendapatanpetani, kemiskinan, agribisnisABSTRACTEffectiveness of farm land addition to additional incomeSmall farm is the main factor that causes poverty incidence in ruralarea. Land reform through land redistribution is often taken for granted asan effective way to alleviate poverty. However, experiences in somecountries do not always prove it. Since cashew farm areas generallycoincide with high poverty incidence, hence this research aimed to analyzeeffectiveness of farm land addition to the additional income in two areaswith different condition of agribusiness. The District of Buton is asrepresentative of underdeveloped agribusiness and Kendari Districtrepresents the developed one, both districts have the largest cashewpopulation in the Province of Southeast Sulawesi, as one of the maincashew area in Indonesia. Data were collected in June-July 2002. Thesimple random sampling was used to determine respondents and cashewfarm as unit of sample, and the sample size was 156 and 136 unitsrespectively for Buton and Kendari. Data were analyzed with regressionanalysis, where cashew farm land size (L) was used as independentvariable and farmer’s income (I) as dependent variable. The derivativefunction to L obtained is ∂I B /∂L B = 131.925L B 2 –502.858L B –510.069(Buton) (additional income will be positive, larger than 4.6 ha); and∂I K /∂L K = -20.967L K 2 +21.0694L K –113.550 (Kendari) (additional incomewill be positive, larger than 0.6 ha). The result showed that theeffectiveness of land addition to increase farmer’s income was proveddifferent in different agribusiness conditions. In underdeveloped area (likeButon), the land addition was less effective to increase income over thepoverty line and it would be effective if the addition was larger than 5 ha.While in developed area (like Kendari), the addition of land was effectiveby adding 1.5 ha. Developing agribusiness condition could be conductedby developing cropping system and forwarding home industry(processing). The development will be more effective if it is supported byimproving market access through improvement of infrastructure.Key words : Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L, farm land, farmer’sincome, poverty, agribusiness
KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGI ISOLAT Pleurotus spp. ACHMAD ACHMAD; ELIS NINA HERLIYANA; OSICA ASNO FERINA YURTI; ANANG PRANOTO HIDAYAT
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.46-51

Abstract

ABSTRAKStudi in vitro tentang karakteristik fungi isolat Pleurotus spp. telahdilaksanakan di Bogor dari bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2004. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap danbertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh media, temperatur inkubasi dan pHmedia terhadap 6 isolat Pleurotus sp. Karakter lain yang juga dipelajariadalah kemampuan untuk mengoksidasi asam tanat dan asam galat dalammedia agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pleurotus isolat sp.6dan sp.8 tumbuh baik pada media MPA, isolat Pleurotus sp.1, 3 dan 4pada media MEA dan isolate sp.2 pada media PDA. Kecuali isolat sp.8,isolat lainnya tidak dapat tumbuh pada temperatur 10 dan 35 o C. Pertum-buhan isolat sp.8 terbaik dibandingkan isolat lainnya pada semuatemperatur. Diameter koloni isolat lainnya hanya mencapai 0,2 – 2,33 cm.Pertumbuhan isolat sp.8 juga terbaik pada semua pH media diikuti isolatsp.6 kemudian isolat sp.4. Semua isolat menunjukkan reaksi oksidasipositif pada agar asam tanat dan asam galat yang ditunjukkan oleh warnacoklat pada media yang melingkari koloni.Kata kunci : Pleurotus spp, media, temperature, pH, oksidasi, asam tanat,asam galatABSTRACTPhysiological Characteristics of Pleurotus spp. IsolatesPhysiological characteristics of some Pleurotus sp. isolates werestudied in vitro, from July until August 2004 in Bogor. Experiments tostudy the effect of kind of media, temperature of incubation room, and pHof medium on six isolates of Pleurotus sp. were arranged in factorialrandomized complete design and replicated three times with colony in apetri dish as experimental units. Another physiological character studiedwas the ability to oxidize tannic and gallic acids in agar medium. Resultsshowed that isolates Pleurotus sp.6 and -8 grew better in MPA medium,Pleurotus sp.1, -3, and -4 in MEA, and Pleurotus sp.2 in PDA. ExceptPleurotus sp.8, other isolates could not grow in incubation roomtemperature of 10 and 35 o  C. The growth of Pleurotus sp.8 was the bestamong the isolates in all temperature levels. Other isolates grew poorly in20 and 29o C with diameter range was 0.2 – 2.33 cm. The growth ofPleurotus sp.8 was also the best in all pH medium levels, followed byPleurotus sp.6, and then Pleurotus sp.4. All isolates showed positiveoxidative reaction on tannic and gallic acid agar indicated by brown colorof the medium around the colony.Key words: Pleurotus spp., medium, temperature, pH, oxidation, tannicacid, gallic acid
KARAKTERISTIK NANOEMULSI MINYAK SAWIT MERAH YANG DIPERKAYA BETA KAROTEN SHANNORA YULIASARI; DEDI FARDIAZ; NURI ANDARWULAN; SRI YULIANI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 3 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n3.2014.111-121

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak sawit merah (Red palm oil/RPO) dan β-karoten tidak larutdalam air sehingga sulit diaplikasikan ke dalam produk pangan. Salah satupendekatan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan RPO dan β-karoten adalah emulsifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nanoemulsi RPOdiperkaya β-karoten yang stabil. Penelitian dilaksanakan di LaboratoriumSEAFAST CENTER IPB dari Januari–September 2013. Pada penelitiantahap pertama, nanoemulsi disiapkan melalui tahap-tahap: pengayaan RPOdengan β β-karotenmenggunakan HPH (High Pressure Homogenizer) pada tekanan 34,5 MPadengan 10 siklus. Rasio RPO dan air dalam emulsi adalah 5 : 95; 7,5 :92,5; dan 10 : 90 (b/b), dan persentase Tween 80 sebagai pengemulsiadalah 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; dan 10% (b/b) dari total emulsi. Pada tahap kedua,nanoemulsi disiapkan dengan persentase RPO: 2, 4, dan 6% (b/b) danpengemulsi 1,5; 3,0; dan 4,5% (b/b) dari total emulsi. Hasil penelitiantahap pertama menunjukkan nanoemulsi yang dibuat dengan rasio RPO :air = 5 : 95 dan 7,5 : 92,5 serta pengemulsi 5% (b/b) menghasilkan emulsidengan ukuran droplet 115,1 sampai 145,2 nm dan stabil. Nanoemulsiyang dihasilkan dari penelitian tahap kedua memiliki ukuran droplet 94,9sampai 125,5 nm, dan kadar β-karoten antara 47,6 sampai 130,9 mg/l.Ukuran droplet nanoemulsi yang kurang dari 125 nm dapat dihasilkandengan formula rasio RPO dan pengemulsi kurang dari 2,0.Kata kunci: minyak sawit merah, β-karoten, nanoemulsi, homogenizerABSTRACTRed palm oil (RPO) and β-carotene are insoluble in water. It makescan be used to improve RPO and βThis research is aimed to produce stable RPO nanoemulsion enriched withβ-carotene. The research was conducted in the SEAFAST CENTERLaboratory, Bogor Agriculture University from January to Septemberfollowing steps, i.e. enrichment of RPO with βusing a high pressure homogenizer at a pressure of 34.5 MPa in 10 cycles.The ratio of RPO and water in the mixture were 5 : 95; 7.5 : 92.5; and 10 :10% (w/w) of the total emulsions. In the second stage, nanoemulsionswere prepared on various RPO percentage of 2, 4, and 6% (w/w) andhad a droplet size from 115.1 to 145.2 nm and stable. Nanoemulsions wereresulting from the second stage had droplet size from 94.9 to 125.5 nm,and β-carotene content were 47.6 to 130.9 mg/l. Droplet size ofnanoemulsions is less than 125 nm. It can be produced with RPO andKey words: red palm oil, β-carotene, nanoemulsion, homogenizer
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SERTA PENDAPATAN PETANI PADA MODEL PEREMAJAAN KELAPA SAWIT SECARA BERTAHAP MUHAMMAD SYAKIR; MAMAN HERMAN; DIBYO PRANOWO; YULIUS FERRY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 21, No 2 (2015): Juni 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v21n2.2015.69-76

Abstract

ABSTRAKLuas kelapa sawit rakyat yang perlu diremajakan saat ini mencapai 1,26 juta ha atau 35% dari luas total nasional. Namun peremajaannya terkendala   karena   biaya   sangat   mahal.   Tujuan   penelitian   adalah mendapatkan model peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat yang efisien dan ekonomis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari 2010-Desember 2012 di Kabupaten   Rokan   Hilir,   Provinsi   Riau.   Rancangan   percobaan menggunakan Petak Terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah tiga model peremajaan, yaitu 20-20-60; 40-40-20, dan 60-40. Anak petak adalah dua jenis tanaman sela (jagung dan kedelai). Model peremajaan 20-20-60, yaitu penebangan dan peremajaan 20% dari jumlah pohon sawit tua pada tahun pertama, 20% pada tahun kedua, dan 60% pada tahun ketiga. Dilakukan pendekatan yang sama untuk kedua model lainnya. Setiap plot percobaan  terdiri  dari 25  pohon  sawit  muda  dan 25  tua.  Variabel pengamatan untuk tanaman sawit muda adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lingkar pangkal batang, indeks luas daun, dan persentase tanaman berbunga;  tanaman  sawit  tua  adalah  produksi  tandan  buah  sawit; sedangkan  tanaman  sela  adalah  produksi  jagung  dan  kedelai.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola peremajaan model 20-20-60 paling efisien karena penebangan sawit tua hanya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman sawit muda pada tahun I dan II, namun tidak mempengaruhi persentase berbunga tanaman sawit muda. Secara ekonomis, model 20-20-60 dengan tanaman sela jagung paling menguntungkan karena selama tiga tahun pengujian, nilai NPV mencapai Rp. 34.580.627; B/C 1,43; dan R/C 2,43. Oleh karena itu, model 20-20-60 dapat diajukan untuk peremajaan kelapa sawit rakyat.Kata kunci:  Elaeis  gueneensis,  model  peremajaan,  tebang  bertahap, pertumbuhan, usahatani Growth and Crop Production as well as The Farmer’s Income in Stepwise Replanting PatternABSTRACTThe total area of small holders’ oil palms in Indonesia that must be replanted is 1.26 billion hectares or 35% of the national total area. Replanting of the oil palms is highly cost. The objective of study was to get a replanting pattern that is cheaper and more efficient.  The research was conducted for three years from 2010 to 2012 in Rokan Hilir, Riau Province. The research used a split plot design with, three replications. The main plots were three replanting patterns: 20-20-60; 40-40-20; and 60-40, the subplots were the intercrops plants: maize and soybean. The replanting pattern 20-20-60 was done by cutting then replanting of oil palms in three consecutive years, 20% of the population in the 1st year, 20% in 2nd year, and 60% in 3rd year. The similar approaches were applied to others. The variables observed of the young oil palms were plant height, number of leaves, girth, leaf area index, and percentage of flowering; intercropping plants were yield productions of maize and soybean. The results showed that the most efficient replanting pattern was 20-20-60, because it only affected to vegetative growth of young oil palms in the first and second years, but not the inflorescences. This pattern is economically the best since income from three consecutive years of replanting were positive; the NVP value was Rp. 34,580,627; B/C was 1.43; and R/C was 2.43. Based on these results, the replanting pattern 20-20-60 can be recommended for small holder oil palms.Keywords:Elaeis  guineensis,  replanting  pattern,  gradually  cutting,growth, farming
GALUR HARAPAN KENAF ADAPTIF DI LAHAN BONOROWO, KABUPATEN LAMONGAN SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO; MARJANI MARJANI; BAMBANO HELIYANTO; DUDUT SUNARDI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 1 (2001): Maret, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n1.2001.31-34

Abstract

Promising kenaf lines adaptive to flooded area in Lanongan districtThe objective of the trial was lo ind out the most adaptive kenaf lines for flooded area in Lanongan district with a productivity of at least 20% higher than the best control varieties. The trial was conducted at Mojoasem viliage, Larcn sub-district, Lanongan. The trial was designed as a randomized block in 3 replications. Twenty kenaf genotypes consisting of 17 kenaf new lines and 3 control varieties were tested in this experiment. Plot size and plant spacing used was 2 m x 10 m and 20 cm x 15 cm, respectively. The seeds were sown in September 1999. Parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, frish weight and dry ibre weight. The results showed that lines He 85-9-73 , He 85-9-75. and He 583 were the most promising lines for flooded areas Lanongan with the productivity of 3.4, 3.1, and 3.0 tons dry ibre per ha.
PENINGKATAN KEBERHASILAN SAMBUNGAN TOP-WORKING JAMBU METE (Annacardium occidentale L.) DENGAN APLIKASI ASAM INDOL BUTIRAT / Improve Grafting Success of Top Working on Cashew (Annacardium occidentale L.) by Application of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) Ireng Darwati; Rudi Suryadi; M. Syakir
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 2 (2017): Desember, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n2.2017.83-89

Abstract

Cashew (Annacardium occidentale L.) productivity in Indonesia is still low compared with other cashew producing countries, may be the use of low genetic quality of plant material. On of the efforts to improve the productivity is by using high quality genetic materials, which may be done by implementation of top-working technology. Top-working technology may be used to replace existing plants in the field with superior varieties rapidly through grafting method, without having to uproot the existing plants. Top-working on cashew nut crop is still not much information and the success rate is still relatively low when compared to fruit crops. Information on top-working in cashew is still scarce and with little success. Therefore, it is necessary to study the application of IBA to increase grafting success of top-working on cashew. The study was conducted at Cikampek Experimental Station (ES) from January to June 2016. The rootstock is 7 years old, the varieties used for the scion and rootstock are B02. Cashew tree trunks were cut about 1.2 - 1.5 m above ground level during rainy season. The scion used has a length of ± 15 cm and a diameter of 5 - 7 mm with the dormant bud. The design used was a randomized, single factor, with seven replications. The treatments tested were concentrations of IBA (0, 300, 600, and 900 ppm). The parameters measured were the percentage of grafting success, shoot length, leaves number, khlorophyl, and field determination of compatibility constant (FCC). The results showed that 600 ppm IBA application significantly increased the percentage of grafting success, shoot length, leaves number, and the highest FCC value (87.50%, 12.08 cm, leaf 11.40, and 13.84)Keywords: Annacardium occidentale L., auxin, productivity, percentage of grafting success, top-working AbstrakProduktivitas jambu mete (Annacardium occidentale L.) di Indonesia masih rendah yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan tanaman dari biji dengan mutu genetik yang rendah. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jambu mete adalah penerapan teknologi top-working yaitu teknologi menggantikan tanaman tidak unggul di lapang dengan varietas unggul secara cepat melalui cara penyambungan, tanpa harus membongkar tanaman. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi IBA yang tepat untuk meningkatkan persentase keberhasilan dan pertumbuhan sambungan top working pada tanaman jambu mete. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan (KP) Cikampek mulai bulan Januari sampai Juni 2016. Varietas yang digunakan untuk batang atas (entres) dan batang bawah yaitu B02, dan batang bawah berumur 7 tahun. Pada musim hujan dilakukan pemotongan batang pohon jambu mete setinggi 1,2 – 1,5 m di atas permukaan tanah. Batang atas yang digunakan berukuran panjang ± 15 cm dan diameter 5 – 7 mm dengan mata tunas yang masih tidur (dorman). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan empat perlakuan dan tujuh ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah konsentrasi IBA (0, 300, 600, dan 900 ppm). Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase sambungan hidup, panjang tunas, jumlah daun, kandungan klorofil, dan kompatibilitas berdasarkan nilai konstan field determination of compatibility constant (FCC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi IBA 600 ppm dinilai cukup efisien dan efekftif dalam menghasilkan persentase sambungan hidup, panjang tunas, jumlah daun, dan kandungan klorofil.Kata kunci: Annacardium occidentale L., auksin, produktivitas, persen-tase keberhasilan sambungan, top-working.
PENGARUH SUHU INKUBASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN EMBRIO SOMATIK PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) NUR AJIJAH; IRENG DARWATI; YUDIWANTI YUDIWANTI; ROOSTIKA ROOSTIKA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 2 (2010): Juni 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n2.2010.56-63

Abstract

ABSTRAKPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. atau P. alpina KDS.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat asli Indonesia endemik dataran tinggidan pada saat ini dibudidayakan secara terbatas di Dataran Tinggi Dieng.Salah satu upaya yang dapat ditempuh untuk memperluas arealpengembangan tanaman ini adalah melalui perakitan varietas tolerandataran rendah atau menengah, yang antara lain dapat diperoleh melaluipendekatan seleksi ketahanan terhadap suhu tinggi yang dapat dilakukansecara in vitro. Pengaruh cekaman suhu tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan danperkembangan purwoceng secara in vitro sejauh ini belum diketahui.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu inkubasi terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng secara invitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium kultur jaringan BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) Bogor mulai Oktober2007 – Maret 2008. Embrio somatik purwoceng diinduksi dari eksplandaun aseptik. Embrio somatik fase globuler yang terbentuk dipergunakansebagai eksplan kemudian diinkubasi pada tiga taraf suhu ruang yaitu 17,3± 0,5ºC (kontrol), 23,3 ± 2,1ºC, dan 32,8 ± 1,7ºC selama 3 bulan dengansub kultur setiap bulan sampai terbentuk planlet/tunas. Pengamatandilakukan terhadap peubah pertumbuhan dan perkembangan eksplanembrio somatik yang meliputi penambahan bobot segar eksplan,persentase eksplan yang membentuk tunas, jumlah tunas yang terbentukper eksplan serta persentase eksplan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa suhu inkubasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua peubah yangdiamati. Rata-rata  penambahan  bobot  segar,  persentase  eksplanmembentuk tunas, jumlah tunas per eksplan dan persentase eksplan hidupsemakin menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya suhu inkubasi. Suhu 32,8± 1,7ºC memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyata terhadappertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio somatik purwoceng dibandingkansuhu kontrol dan 23,3 ± 2,1ºC sejak periode inkubasi 1 bulan. Sedangkansuhu 23,3 ± 2,1ºC baru memberikan pengaruh penghambatan yang nyatasetelah periode inkubasi 3 bulan.Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan, embrio somatik, suhu, pertumbuhanABSTRACTEffect of temperature incubation on growth and de-velopment of Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.)somatic embryosPurwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., P. alpina KDS.) is one ofIndonesian medicinal plants. It is high altitude endemic species which iscurrently cultivated on a limited areas in the Dieng Plateau. One effort toexpand purwoceng cultivation areas is through the assembly ofpurwoceng varieties tolerant to low or medium altitude, among others, canbe obtained through the approach of selection for high temperaturetolerance that can be done by in vitro selection. How high temperaturestress influencing the growth and development of purwoceng somaticembryos is not known yet. The research aimed at determining theinfluence of incubation temperature on the growth and development ofpurwoceng somatic embryos. The research was conducted at tissue culturelaboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute(IMACRI) from October 2007 – March 2008. Purwoceng somaticembryos induced from aseptic leaves incubated at three levels of roomtemperature i.e. 17.3 ± 0.5 º C (control), 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC, and 32.8 ± 1.7 º Cfor 3 months with a subculture every month. Variables observed wereexplants fresh weight increment, percentage of explants forming shoot,number of shoot per explants, and percentage of survive explants. Theresult showed that the average of explants fresh weight increment,percentage of explants forming shoot, number of shoot per explants, andpercentage of survive explants decreased with the increase of temperature.The growth and development of purwoceng somatic embryos weresignificantly inhibited at the temperature of 32.8 ± 1.7ºC since one monthafter incubation, while the inhibition of temperature of 23.3 ± 2.1 ºC wasnot significant except after 3 month of incubation.Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan, somatic embryos, temperature, growth
TEKNIK KONSERVASI UNTUK MENEKAN EROSI DAN PENYAKIT LINCAT PADA LAHAN TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG DJAJADI DJAJADI; MASTUR MASTUR; A.S. MURDIYATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 14, No 3 (2008): September 2008
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v14n3.2008.101-106

Abstract

ABSTRAKMasalah utama pada budidaya tembakau temanggung adalah erosi yangmencapai 42,75 ton/ha dan serangan penyakit lincat yang dapat mematikantanaman sampai 80%. Untuk menekan erosi dan penyakit lincat tersebut telahdilakukan penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2002 di Desa Glapansari,Kecamatan Parakan, Kabupaten Temanggung. Tujuannya adalah untukmengetahui pengaruh penerapan teknik konservasi lahan yang dikombinasikandengan pengendalian penyakit lincat terhadap erosi, kadar unsur hara tanahtererosi, sifat fisik tanah, populasi patogen, persentase kematian tanaman, sertahasil tembakau. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah teknologi konservasi lahan yangmeliputi penanaman rumput setaria pada bibir saluran pemotong lahan selebar4 m, dan tanaman flemingia pada bidang vertikal saluran pemotong setinggi 0,5m, serta pembuatan rorak di dasar saluran pemotong lahan yang mempunyaikemiringan 43%. Perlakuan tersebut dikombinasikan dengan teknologipengendalian penyakit “lincat”, yaitu penanaman galur tahan (BC3-C51),pemberian mikrobia antagonis A. fumigatus, penyemprotan dan pemberianpestisida kimiawi. Mikrobia antagonis dan pestisida kimia disemprotkan padalubang tanam sehari sebelum tembakau ditanam. Penanaman bibit rumputsetaria dan flemingia serta pembuatan rorak dilakukan pada tahun 2000, yaitudua bulan sebelum penanaman tembakau musim tanam tahun 2000. Rancanganyang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 6 kali. Disetiap petak perlakuan yang berukuran 22 m x 4 m dipasang sebanyak dua unitbak penampung erosi, yaitu 1 unit bak penampung erosi untuk perlakuankontrol dan 1 unit untuk perlakuan teknik konservasi yang diletakkan di tengahpetak bagian bawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknikkonservasi pada lahan tembakau temanggung dapat menekan besarnya erosidari 30,22 menjadi 16,67 ton/ha/thn atau sebesar 44,84%. Penyemprotanmikrobia antagonis pada lahan dengan teknik konservasi dapat menekanperkembangan populasi patogen lincat dan mengurangi persentase kematiantanaman tembakau. Hasil tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan dengan teknikkonservasi dan aplikasi pengendalian penyakit “lincat” ternyata lebih tinggi42% dibanding hasil tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan kontrol.Kata kunci : Konservasi lahan, erosi, tembakau temanggung, penyakit lincatABSTRACTSoil conservation technique to reduce erosion and soilpathogens of temanggung tobacco landMostly area cropping of temanggung tobacco is located in hilly land, sothat erosion and accumulation of disease are the main problems. To minimizeerosion and disease attacks, research had been done in Glapansari Village,Parakan District, Temanggung in 2002 at site with slope of 43%. The aim wasto know the effect of soil conservation which was combined with soil diseasecontrol techniques on soil erosion, eroded soil element, soil physics, soilpathogens population, percentage of dead tobacco plant, and tobacco yield.The treatments are soil conservation technique, planting of setaria grass andflemingia in ridge terrace and digging of ditch pitch on the base of ridgeterrace. All of the treatments was established in 2000. The soil conservationtreatments were combined with application of antagonistic microbes (A.fumigatus) and cropping of resistant tobacco line (BC3-C51). RandomizedBlock Design with 6 replicates was used in this research. In each treatment of22 m x 4 m plots, two units soil erosion collector were set, one unit was forcontrol treatment (without soil conservation and soil disease control techniquesor local farmer technology treatment) and the other for soil conservationtechniques. Results showed that soil conservation technique reduced soilerosion from 30.22 to 16.67 tones/ha/year or 44.84%. Tobacco land that wastreated with soil conservation and soil pathogen control techniques had less soilpathogen population and death tobacco plant than tobacco land withouttreatments (control). Tobacco yield planted in land with soil conservation washigher 42% than that planted in control land.Key words : Soil conservation, erosion, temanggung tobacco, soil pathogen
KERAGAAN PERBENIHAN JAHE DI JAWA BARAT MAHARANl HASANAH; . SUKARMAN; . SUPRIADI; M. JANUWATI; R. BALFAS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 3 (2004): September, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n3.2004.118-125

Abstract

Untuk memperbaiki sistem perbenihan jahe telah dilakukan penelitian terhadap pctani maju di Jawa Barat yang secara tradisional mcnsuplai kebutuhan benih jahe untuk petani disekitarnya atau petani di daerah lain. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei di dua kabupaten, yaitu Majalengka (Kecamatan Banjaran dan Lemah Sugih) dan Kabupaten Sukabumi (Kecamatan Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegallega, dan Waning Kiara). Wawancara dilakukan secara langsung dengan petani maju meliputi kondisi lahan, cara budidaya, panen, dan penanganan benih. Contoh rimpang diambil secara acak dai hasil panen petani kemudian dianalisis kualitasnya meliputi: penampilan fisik, berat rimpang, kadar air, serat, dan pati, serta jenis OPT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada petani yang secara khusus menanam jahe untuk benih. Lahan pertanaman jahe bcrada pada kisaran kelinggian tempat (dpi) 400-800 m. Sumber benih berasal dari hasil panen tahun sebelumnya Cara penanganan benih ada yang dihampar di atas rak bambu atau di gelar di atas tanah di bawah kolong rumah. Sebelum ditanam, benih diperlakukan tcrlebih dahulu dengan fungisida atau bakterisida. Petani menanam jahe dengan sistem polikultur dengan tanaman lain seperti kacang tanah, jagung, pisang, bawang merah, dan bawang daun. Cara tanam ada yang menggunakan bedengan (umumnya di Majalengka), sedangkan di Sukabumi umumnya tidak menggunakan bedengan, jarak tanam bervariasi antara 20 x 30 cm di dalam baris dan 30-80 cm antar baris. Panen dilakukan setelah tanaman berumur 8-10 bulan Hasil analisis kandungan pati cukup tinggi 42.4 - 56.35%, serat 5.67 - 7.40%, dan kadar air 8.37- 9.80%. Jenis OPT yang paling banyak ditemukan pada contoh benih jahe Aspidiella hartii. Mimegralla, dan Meloidogyne spp., sedangkan Ralstonia solanacearum tidak ditemukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa untuk membentuk suatu sistem produksi benih jahe yang standar maka unsur yang sangat menentukan adalah umur panen harus cukup tua (9-10 bulan), bebas dari OPT, dan penanaman bisa secara polikultur dengan tanaman bukan inang.Kata kunci: Jahe, Zingiber officinale, perbenihan, benih, OPT, hama, penyakit ABSTRACT Performance of indigenous ginger seed systems in West JavaTo improve the system of ginger seed production, a study was conducted on developed ginger farmers in West Java who traditionally supplied ginger seeds to the farmers in the surrounding area or in other area. The research was conducted by survey method in two districts, Majalengka (Banjaran and Lemah Sugih sub districts) and Sukabumi (Parakan Salak, Jampang Tengah, Tegalega and Warung Kiara). Direct dialogue to farmer was used to discuss about land condition, cultivation method, harversting and seed management. The rhizome/seed sample was taken by random from the farmers, then it was analyzed for quality, such physical quality, weight of rhizome, moisture content, fiber, carbohydrate and kinds of pest and deseases. The result of the research showed that there were no farmers who special cultivated ginger for seed. Ginger land area was located about 400-800 m above sea level (asl). Seed source was derived from the ginger seed of previous harvest. The ginger seeds were directly spread on bamboo rack or in the space under the house. Before planting, the seeds were treated with fungicide or bactcricide. The farmers, planted ginger by polyculiurc system with peanut, maize, banana, shallot, and green shallot. Generally, in Majalengka District, the farmers planted their ginger using seed bed method, while in Sukabumi the fanners planted of ginger without seed beds. Plant spacing was 20-40 cm in the row and 30-80 cm between rows. Harvest was done 8-10 months ater planting. Carbohydrate content was relatively high 42.4 - 56.35%, fiber 5.67-7.40% and moisture content 8.37- 9.80%. The majority of pest and disease found in ginger seed were Aspidiella hartii, Mimegralla and Meloidogyne, while the dangerous disease such as Rasllonia solanacearum was not found. Based on the result of research it could be recommended that to develop a standard ginger seed system the harvesting time is 9 to 10 months ater planting, seed are free from disease attack, and the ginger can be cropping system with non hostplant.Key words: Ginger, Zingiber officinale, seed system, seed, pest, disease

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