IJOEP : International Journal of Ecophysiology
International Journal of Ecophysiology (IJOEP) is a peer-reviewed biannual journal (February and July) published by TALENTA Publisher and organized by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) as an open-access journal. It welcomes full research articles in the field of Biological Sciences from the following subject area: Anatomy, Comparative anatomy, Histology, Astrobiology, Biochemistry, Biological engineering, Biogeography, Bioinformatics, Biolinguistics, Biomechanics, Biomedical research, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Synthetic biology, Botany, Phycology, Plant physiology, Cell biology, Chronobiology, Cognitive biology, Conservation biology, Cryobiology, Developmental biology, Embryology, Gerontology, Ecology, Evolutionary biology, Genetics, Genomics, Epigenetics, Immunology, Marine biology, Microbiology, Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology, Virology, Molecular biology, Nanobiology, Neuroscience, Paleontology, Pathobiology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Phytopathology, Psychobiology, Quantum biology, Systems biology, Structural biology, Theoretical biology, Zoology, Ethology, Entomology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, and Ornithology. Each publication will contain 10 (ten) manuscripts.
Articles
114 Documents
<![CDATA[The Role of cortisol in the stress response ]]>
<![CDATA[anliana]]>;
<![CDATA[Panguhutan Sitorus, Henry]]>;
<![CDATA[Silitonga, Melva]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.19118
<![CDATA[Stress is a physiological and psychological response triggered by internal or external stressors that challenge the body's homeostasis. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress, plays a pivotal role in modulating this response. Its primary function is to mobilize energy, regulate inflammation, and enhance cognitive processes during acute stress. While cortisol facilitates adaptation by suppressing overactive immune responses and ensuring resource availability, its prolonged elevation can lead to detrimental effects, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive impairments. Conversely, inadequate cortisol production disrupts the body’s ability to manage stress, resulting in conditions like fatigue, hypotension, and impaired recovery. This study explores the dynamic relationship between stress and cortisol, emphasizing how balanced cortisol levels contribute to stress resolution and homeostasis restoration. Understanding cortisol’s dual role provides insights into its potential therapeutic applications for managing stress-related disorders.]]>
<![CDATA[Centella asiatica: Alzheimer's Neuroprotective ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyuni, Riska]]>;
<![CDATA[Suriwahyuni]]>;
<![CDATA[Saif, Annisa Hazrina]]>;
<![CDATA[Silitonga, Melva]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.19423
<![CDATA[Centella asiatica (CA) in Indonesia is known as gotu kola plant which is known to have many compounds contained in it, such as Asiatic acid, madecassic acid (6-hydroxyacetic acid), asiaticoside, madecassoside, betulinic acid, thankunic acid, and isothankunic acid. This study is to determine the benefits of CA triterpenoid bioactive content and the mechanism of CA as a neuropretective against alzheimer's disease. This research used the literature study method by searching online data on various types of article publications and selected according to the PRISMA method. From the literature collected, it was found that CA has the ability as a neoroprotective against Alzheimer's disease. This is because triterpenoid compounds with the bioactive content of asiaticoside, madecid acid, and asiatic acid play a role in inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase which can act as a neuroprotective in the brain by reducing ROS production which can then restore mitochondrial dysfunction and can improve nerve function in Alzheimer's disease.]]>
<![CDATA[Hematological and Biochemical Alterations of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Dc) with Doxorubicin Induced in White Wistar Rat ]]>
<![CDATA[Prayoga, Andre]]>;
<![CDATA[Dalimunthe, Aminah]]>;
<![CDATA[Zumaira]]>;
<![CDATA[Salim, Emil]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.20188
<![CDATA[Doxorubicin, a well-known chemotherapy drug, is associated with cardiac toxicity primarily due to oxidative stress. This oxidative stress leads to the production of reactive oxygen species and a subsequent decline in antioxidant levels. As doxorubicin induces the formation of free radicals and decreases endogenous antioxidants, it triggers various hematological and biochemical abnormalities. Consequently, the use of antioxidants has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate this damage. This study focuses on the administration of ethanol extract from Andaliman (EAF) fruit, recognized for its rich array of metabolites and antioxidant properties, which may serve as a cardioprotective agent against the adverse effects of doxorubicin. The research involved comprehensive observations, including hematological and clinical chemistry examinations. The findings indicate that EAF demonstrates protective effects by enhancing hematological and clinical chemistry parameters in male Wistar rats subjected to doxorubicin. Notably, these improvements were statistically significant when compared to the control group. Given its promising results, further exploration of EAF as a protective agent for hematological and biochemical health warrants attention and development.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect etanol extract of senduduk leaves (melastoma malabathricum L.) On SGPT and SGOT levels in white rats induced with Monosodium Glutamate ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahmadani, Nurul]]>;
<![CDATA[Febriani, Husnarika]]>;
<![CDATA[Hutasuhut, Melfa Aisyah]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.20217
<![CDATA[The use of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) has caused a lot of controversy because people think that overuse of MSG may have adverse effects on health. Prolonged consumption of MSG and excessive amounts can cause an imbalance between antioxidants that will disrupt liver function characterised byeinicreased lievelseoif !iSer.um Gliutamic Oxialoacetic Train.saminasee (Si.G.OT) and Seirum Gilutamic PyiruvateeTra.nsiaminasee (SiG.PT) in the bloodstream. The negative effects of MSG can be prevented by reducing MSG consumption and utilising herbal plants such as senduduk leaves. This experiment wants to measure the effect of senduduk le.af e.xtract o.n the number o.f S.GPT and SGOT due to MSG. This study used experimental research for 14 days with 20 male white rats with 5 treatment groups. K- without treatment. K+ was given MSG 100 mg/kgBW (morning), P1, P2, and P3 were given MSG 100 m!g/kgBW (morning) and senduduk leaf extract (P1 = 150, P2 = 200, P3 = 250 m.gi./ .k.g BiW) (afternoon). Theestages inethisestudy include phytochemical screening, observation of hepatic morphology and observation of SGPT and SGOT levels. Blood collection through the orbital sinus. Data analysis used o.neewi.ay anio.va ain.d diu.ncan'sef.ur.th.er t.esit. The optimal dose to improve the amount of SGPT and SGOT due to MSG induction is group P3 wiith a d.os.eeoif 250 m.gi./ .kig BiW.]]>
<![CDATA[The Role of Aspirin in the Prevention of Preeclampsia (A Mini Review) ]]>
<![CDATA[Teguh Firdaus]]>;
<![CDATA[Ilyas, Syafruddin]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.20227
<![CDATA[Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. It is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low-dose aspirin has been widely studied as a preventive measure for pre-eclampsia in high-risk women. This paper explores the role of aspirin in preventing preeclampsia, its mechanisms of action, and the effectiveness of different dosages and administration times. Studies have shown that aspirin, when taken before 16 weeks of gestation at a dosage of at least 100 mg per day, significantly reduces the risk of severe and early-onset preeclampsia. However, adherence to aspirin therapy remains a challenge, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Increased education and healthcare access are crucial to optimizing the benefits of aspirin in preventing preeclampsia.]]>
<![CDATA[Histological Analysis of Langerhans Islets and β-Cell Morphology in Diabetic Rats Treated with Bischofia javanica Nanoherbal ]]>
<![CDATA[Silaen, Srinatalia]]>;
<![CDATA[Silaban, Irving]]>;
<![CDATA[Sitepu, Christina Sitepu]]>;
<![CDATA[Rumahorbo, Cheryl Grace Pratiwi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i2.22691
<![CDATA[Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia and β-cell damage. Standard therapies like metformin reduce blood glucose but rarely restore pancreatic structure. Bischofia javanica leaves, rich in flavonoids and phenolics, have traditional antidiabetic use with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. This study evaluated the effects of nanoherbal B. javanica on pancreatic histopathology in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: negative control (KN), positive control (KP), metformin 150 mg/kg BW (KS), and nanoherbal B. javanica at 50 mg/kg BW (P1), 100 mg/kg BW (P2), and 200 mg/kg BW (P3). Pancreatic tissues were examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining and analyzed with the Pancreatic Injury Severity Score (ISS). Results showed that KP developed severe damage with the highest ISS (2.86), characterized by islet shrinkage, β-cell degeneration, insulitis, fibrosis, and vascular abnormalities. KS showed moderate improvement (ISS 1.71), while nanoherbal treatment groups exhibited dose-dependent recovery. P3 (200 mg/kg BW) achieved near-normal morphology with the lowest ISS (0.71), demonstrating superior effects compared to KS. These findings suggest that nanoherbal B. javanica protects and regenerates pancreatic β-cells through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, while nanoformulation enhances bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of its active compounds.]]>
<![CDATA[Microplastic Content in Water and Fish Species in Simanindo Waters, Lake Toba, North Sumatera: Microplastic Content in Water and Fish Species in Simanindo Waters, Lake Toba, North Sumatera ]]>
<![CDATA[Siregar, Regita]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusni , Eri]]>;
<![CDATA[Sabrina, Tengku]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i2.20492
<![CDATA[With the activities in the waters of Lake Toba will affect the condition of the aquatic environment and also contribute to the presence of microplastics. One of the interesting waste problems in waters to discuss is the presence of microplastics in waters. Microplastics are certainly more than <5 mm in size, there are three processes of microplastic formation, namely biologically, chemically and physically. Microplastics can contaminate fish through fish organs such as gills and digestive tracts. The purpose of this study was to determine the form and abundance of microplastics in the respiratory tract and digestive tract of fish. This study was conducted from November to December 2024. The average abundance in water samples was 21-57 particles / gram while in digestive tract samples it was 37-42 particles / gr dry weight and the last respiratory tract sample was 9 159 particles / gr dry weight. The forms of microplastics found were film-shaped microplastics, fiber microplastics, fragment microplastics and pellet microplastics]]>
<![CDATA[Literature Study: Genetic Mutations in Antibacterial Resistance ]]>
<![CDATA[Wahyuni, Riska]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i2.20544
<![CDATA[This study aims to understand how molecular and genetic mechanisms contribute to the development of antibacterial resistance and its impact on public health. The method used is a literature review by analyzing various books and scientific journals. Antibacterial resistance occurs when microorganisms become resistant to drugs that should effectively eliminate them, making treatment less effective. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics are the main causes of this issue. In Indonesia, easy access to antibiotics without a prescription worsens the situation. As a result, infections become more difficult to treat, prolonging illness and increasing the risk of death. Several bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, have shown high levels of resistance, particularly in hospitals. This resistance can develop through genetic mutations and the transfer of genetic material between bacteria. Therefore, antibacterial resistance is a serious threat that requires special attention in its control efforts.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect Of Areca Nut (Areca catechu L.) Ethanol Extract On The Morphology and Histology Of Alloxan Induced Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) Testis ]]>
<![CDATA[Hutahaean, Salomo]]>;
<![CDATA[Tambunan, Christoper Arata]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i2.20712
<![CDATA[Some people traditionally use the areca (Areca catechu) nut in Indonesia to cure diabetes; however, information regarding the safety of the areca nut, especially for the reproductive system, still needs to be studied. This study aimed to analyze the effect of administering areca nut ethanol extract on the morphology and histology of testes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-four diabetic rats were divided into six treatments: normal control, alloxan control, 3 treatments of areca nut ethanol extract (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg BW), and metformin 45 mg/kg BW. The treatment was given for 25 days, and on the 26th day, the rats were dissected, and histological preparations were made using the paraffin method and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE). The results showed that administration of areca nut ethanol extract up to a dose of 300 mg/kg BW was safe for the testis organs and could even increase testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, seminiferous tubule germinal epithelial thickness, number of Leydig cells, number of Sertoli cells, number of spermatogonium cells, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatogenesis index significantly (p<0.05).]]>
<![CDATA[SOD2 Cell Guard from Free Radicals in Humans and Fruit Flies ]]>
<![CDATA[Rukiyani, Sri Tati]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i2.20752
<![CDATA[Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene encodes the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) which plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis by dismuting superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Localized in mitochondria, this enzyme protects mitochondrial DNA from oxidative damage caused by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which can trigger mutations and carcinogenesis. The expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase are critical for ROS detoxification and genome stability. The human SOD2 gene, located on chromosome 6q25.3, consists of five exons and four introns, and encodes a homo-tetrameric protein with Mn³⁺ cofactor. Genetic variations, such as Val9Ala and Val16Ala polymorphisms, affect the structure of the mitochondrial targeting sequence and potentially increase susceptibility to various diseases. The SOD2 protein structure includes two functional domains containing residues essential for enzymatic activity, allowing the enzyme to perform its function in cellular defense against oxidative stress. Keywords: SOD2 , Mn-SOD, Reactive Oxygen Species , Mitochondria]]>
