IJOEP : International Journal of Ecophysiology
International Journal of Ecophysiology (IJOEP) is a peer-reviewed biannual journal (February and July) published by TALENTA Publisher and organized by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) as an open-access journal. It welcomes full research articles in the field of Biological Sciences from the following subject area: Anatomy, Comparative anatomy, Histology, Astrobiology, Biochemistry, Biological engineering, Biogeography, Bioinformatics, Biolinguistics, Biomechanics, Biomedical research, Biophysics, Biotechnology, Synthetic biology, Botany, Phycology, Plant physiology, Cell biology, Chronobiology, Cognitive biology, Conservation biology, Cryobiology, Developmental biology, Embryology, Gerontology, Ecology, Evolutionary biology, Genetics, Genomics, Epigenetics, Immunology, Marine biology, Microbiology, Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology, Virology, Molecular biology, Nanobiology, Neuroscience, Paleontology, Pathobiology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Phytopathology, Psychobiology, Quantum biology, Systems biology, Structural biology, Theoretical biology, Zoology, Ethology, Entomology, Herpetology, Ichthyology, Mammalogy, and Ornithology. Each publication will contain 10 (ten) manuscripts.
Articles
114 Documents
<![CDATA[Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Spinach Leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes ]]>
<![CDATA[salim, Emil]]>;
<![CDATA[Siregar, Syifa Sabila Yassarah]]>;
<![CDATA[Keliat, Jane Melita]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v6i2.17356
<![CDATA[Background: Humans are among the most susceptible living beings to bacterial infections. Infectious wounds on the skin surface are easily colonized by various kinds of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes. Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) contains flavonoids with antimicrobial properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of red spinach leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods: This research includes the preparation, characterization, phytochemical screening of dried powder and extract. Extraction was performed by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method using 70% and 96% ethanol variations and then antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of red spinach leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria was carried out by paper disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test) to obtain the diameter of inhibition. Results: The 70% ethanol extract of red spinach leaves has the lowest concentrations of 0.78 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria with diameters of 7.23 mm, and 7.90 mm respectively. While the 96% ethanol extract of red spinach leaves has the lowest concentration of 0.78 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria with a same diameter of 7.43 mm. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of red spinach leaves has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes.]]>
<![CDATA[Hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of mobe leaves/eeml (artocarpus lacucha buch-ham.) against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats: English ]]>
<![CDATA[Lubis, Meiva Amelia]]>;
<![CDATA[Dalimunthe, Aminah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sitorus, Panal]]>;
<![CDATA[Satria, Denny]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v6i2.17505
<![CDATA[This study evaluates the protective effects of ethanol extract of mobe leaves (Artocarpus lacucha Buch-Ham.) on ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels in rats induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on Liver. The ethanol extract was prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol. Results showed that administering 400 mg/kg BW of the extract significantly reduced total bilirubin, ALT, and AST levels in CCl4-induced rats. Phytochemical screening revealed bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and glycosides, which are potential antioxidants and hepatoprotective agents. The study concludes that mobe leaf extract has potential as a therapeutic agent to protect the liver from toxic damage. The significant contribution of this research is providing a scientific basis for using mobe leaf extract as a natural hepatoprotective agent, highlighting its potential for safe and effective herbal medicine. Further research and clinical trials are recommended.]]>
<![CDATA[Parental Care Behavior Of Sumatran Elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) During Nocturnal Activities In Gunung Leuser National Park, Tangkahan Resort, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Berliani, Kaniwa]]>;
<![CDATA[C.G Butar butar, Erlin]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v6i2.17753
<![CDATA[The Sumatran elephant, active both day and night, is more active two hours before sunset and after dawn. In a matriarchal system, a dominant female leads the herd, with mothers and allomothers (non-nursing females) caring for the calves. This study, conducted at Gunung Leuser National Park, Tangkahan Resort, used CCTV to observe behavior like grooming, feeding, playing, and resting for 12 hours each night. Over 84 hours of observation, 5639 data points were recorded for adults and 5117 for calves, totaling 5040 minutes. Key nighttime activities included grooming (adults: 36.5%, calves: 22.07%), feeding (adults: 33.71%, calves: 24.5%), and playing (calves: 11.8%, adults: 5.24%). The study showed strong mother-calf bonds, with mothers actively protecting and teaching their young. These findings emphasize the mother’s role in the calf's development during nighttime.]]>
<![CDATA[Screening of Extract Secondary Metabolites of Bacteria Which Have Symbiosis with Sponges from Central Tapanuli Bakar Island as an Antibacteria ]]>
<![CDATA[mirnawati, mirnawati]]>;
<![CDATA[Rasyidah]]>;
<![CDATA[Mayasari , Ulfayani]]>;
<![CDATA[Gultom, Endang Sulistyarini]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v6i1.17821
<![CDATA[This study aims to determine the presence of antibacterial-producing bacteria from sponges from Bakar Island, Central Tapanuli Regency and to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extracts from potential bacterial isolates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichiacoli. 21 pure isolates were found and it was known that 9 isolates produced antibacterial against S. aureus and 4 isolates against E. coli. Bacterial isolates with the highest inhibition zone against bothS.aureus and E. coli were found in isolates with code SP20 with each large inhibition zone are 14.5 mm and 16.04 mm. Then microscopic observations were carried out, namely gram staining and were obtained 8 isolates were gram positive, and 1 gram was negative. The biochemical test showed that SP20 showed positive results for the Motility, TSIA and Catalase Test but negative for Citrate Test. Bacterial isolates withthe code SP20 had the largest inhibition zone so that these isolates were to be extracted.The resultsof the screening test showed that the secondary metabolitesof the sponge symbiont bacterial extract from Bakar Island were positive for flavonoids and saponins. And then test the activity of secondary metabolites with 3 concentrations, 10%, 20%, and 30%.The results showed that the best concentration of the test bacteria was S. aureus at a concentration of 30% with an inhibition zone of 3.08 mm and E. coli at 5.04 mm.]]>
<![CDATA[A Detection of Gemini Virus on Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) in Karo North Sumatera Using Molecular Techniques ]]>
<![CDATA[Hannum, Saleha]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahayu, Suci]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurainun]]>;
<![CDATA[Damanik, Sofi Junita Rispauli]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v6i2.17932
<![CDATA[Tomatoes are susceptible plants to various plant pests. One of the obstacles in tomato cultivation in Karo North Sumatera is the interference from various microorganisms such as plant virus attacks. The symptoms are the same as other diseases when in the field which causes difficulties in determining the type of virus that causes a disease, so it is necessary to carry out further testing as a good prevention. This study used the Polymorphism Chain Reaction (PCR) technique with universal primers for the Gemini virus. All samples of diseased tomato leaves originating from the Karo were attacked by Geminivirus which correlated with the presence of a DNA band measuring 1.5 kb after amplified.]]>
<![CDATA[Vegetation Composition and Carbon Storage Potential at Tree and Pole Levels in the Gunung Leuser National Park Area, Bukit Lawang, Bahorok District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra ]]>
<![CDATA[Siregar, Etti Sartina]]>;
<![CDATA[Aththorick, T Alief]]>;
<![CDATA[Atni, Oky Kusuma]]>;
<![CDATA[Nasution, Ahmad Luthfi Abdillah]]>;
<![CDATA[Hermansyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Lubis, Putri Amelia]]>;
<![CDATA[Pardosi, Sinta R]]>;
<![CDATA[Mustaqilla, Safira]]>;
<![CDATA[Mardhatillah, Siti]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.17934
<![CDATA[Forests play a crucial role in environmental, economic, and social sustainability by storing carbon and mitigating climate change. This study aimed to assess the vegetation composition, diversity, and carbon storage in Gunung Leuser National Park, Bukit Lawang, North Sumatra. Fieldwork, conducted using purposive and nested sampling methods, recorded 11 families and 14 plant species with 27 individuals at the tree growth level, and 11 families and 16 plant species with 30 individuals at the pole growth level. The Burseraceae family dominated tree-level composition (29%), while the Phyllanthaceae family dominated pole-level composition (28%). The highest Important Value Index (IVI) was Santiria rubiginosa (36.09%) for trees and Gironniera nervosa (55.46%) for poles. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) was 2.45 for trees and 2.53 for poles, with evenness values (E) of 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. The total biomass was 120.240 tons/ha, with stored carbon amounting to 55.310 tons C/ha. To better estimate carbon storage potential, further research should cover larger areas and include biomass components like litter and dead wood.]]>
<![CDATA[Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) With Potential As Probiotics From Shrimp Paste Tanjungbalai Asahan ]]>
<![CDATA[tahyat, niva]]>;
<![CDATA[Rasyidah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ulfayani Mayasari]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.18022
<![CDATA[Terasi or belacan is an example of a fermented product from shrimp that involves lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria are a group of gram-positive bacteria that have the ability to produce antagonistic molecules that can be used as antibacterial probiotics and preservatives. This study was conducted to determine the presence of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) which might detect shrimp paste in Tanjungbalai and to the antibacterial activity. This study uses descriptive data analysis, which begins with isolation and characterization by carrying out gram staining and biochemical tests and then continuing with a probiotic potency test which includes a test to acidity (pH) and a test of phatogenic antibacterial activity. Isolations and characterization of LAB produced 6 isolates in the form of coccus, the edges of the colony were whole or flat, the elevation was flat or milky white in color. Meanwhile, the cell morpholgy of 6 LAB isolates was in the form of bacilli, gram positive and monobacillary arrangement. Characterization based on biochemical tests found isolates belonging to the genus Pediococcus, Weisella and Lactobacillus. The results of probiotic tests of 6 isolates were expressed with gastric acid conditions (pH 2.5-3) and had phatogenic antibacterial activity which was marked by the fomation of an inhibition against 2 Escherichia coli test bacteria with the largest inhibition zone size being 8.95 mm while Staphylococcus aureus with the largest inhibition zone size was 12.6 mm. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that LAB from Tanjungbalai shrimp paste has potential as a probiotic because the six isolates obtained met the requirements of bacteria as probiotics, namely being able to withstand acidic conditions and having phatogenic antibacterial activity.]]>
<![CDATA[Unveiling the Enigmatic CYP3A4 Enzyme : A Literature Review: English ]]>
<![CDATA[Saragih, Daniel S. Pandapotan]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Ichwan]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.18335
<![CDATA[Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a crucial enzyme in the human body, primarily responsible for endobiotic and xenobiotic metabolism, including many commonly prescribed medications. It plays a pivotal role in the biotransformation of more than 50% of drugs. But the high frequency of genetic polymorphisms in the CYP3A4 gene contributes to significant interindividual variability in enzyme activity. These genetic variations can affect drug metabolism rates, leading to altered pharmacokinetics and necessitating dose adjustments for certain medications, particularly in populations with different allele frequencies. The impact of these genetic variants can vary significantly across different ethnicities, highlighting the importance of pharmacogenetic testing in personalized medicine. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive study examining this variability across different ethnicities. This review will help understand these genetic differences across population and ethnicity to allow healthcare providers to tailor drug therapies to individual genetic profiles, enhancing treatment efficacy and safety.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessing Environmental Drivers of the Distribution of the Rare Species Johannesteijsmannia altifrons: a literature review ]]>
<![CDATA[Siregar, Etti Sartina]]>;
<![CDATA[Djaingsastro, Aulia Juanda]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.19062
<![CDATA[Johannesteijsmannia altifrons, a palm species exhibits unique dispersal mechanisms and distribution patterns that are critical to understanding its ecological dynamics. Dispersal has a significant impact on this species' spatial distribution and population dynamics. The distribution is significantly influenced by altitude, which affects its growth and habitat suitability. Publications and references in this analysis came from scientific articles published in bibliographic databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar. The keyword search used was “Johannesteijsmannia altifronsâ€. The authors examined the literature related to the subject of the systematic review, assessed methodological rigor, analyzed the results being reported in the selected studies. Condensed and organized the data before incorporating the findings into a comprehensive systematic review in narrative form. The distribution of J. altifrons in Indonesia is mainly in the Sumatra region, especially in the Northern and Central parts of the island. Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL), Bukit Bungkuk Nature Reserve Forest and the surrounding lowland forests are good habitats. This species has habitat suitability at range elevations 20-500 meters (asl), very steep slopes (≥ 45%). Optimal growth occurs under tree canopies, which provide the necessary shade for the plant to thrive. This suggests a specific habitat preference that influences its distribution]]>
<![CDATA[The Anti-inflammatory Activity of Essential Oil from the Peel of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) In vitro ]]>
<![CDATA[Yanti Yemima, Yanti Yemima]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Ecophysiology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): International Journal of Ecophysiology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Talenta Publisher ]]>
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DOI: 10.32734/ijoep.v7i1.19066
<![CDATA[Inflammation is a defense response of the body to injury or infection caused by foreign substances entering the body. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. The essential oil from the peel of Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) was isolated using microwave-assisted extraction. The essential oil was tested in vitro for cell viability in RAW 264.7 cells using the MTT assay and for the inhibition of NO production using the Griess assay, which was induced by LPS. The results showed that the viability of RAW 264.7 cells treated with the essential oil from Kaffir lime peel at concentrations of 1.56 and 0.78 µg/mL exhibited a cell viability percentage of >90% (90.29 ± 5.19; 92.71 ± 3.28). The NO production inhibition assay showed that the essential oil at concentrations of 1.56 and 0.87 µg/mL reduced NO levels in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS (9.58 ± 0.38; 10.16 ± 0.49). These concentrations of essential oil (1.56 and 0.78 µg/mL) were significantly different from the lipopolysaccharide control. Therefore, the essential oil from Kaffir lime peel demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity.]]>
