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Variabel
Published by STKIP Singkawang
ISSN : 2599302X     EISSN : 25993038     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/var
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Education Mathematics Physics
Variabel is a peer-reviewed scientific open access, with e-ISSN: 2599-3038 and p-ISSN: 2599-302X published by Institute of Managing and Publication of Scientific Journals at STKIP Singkawang. Variabel is firstly published in 2018 and periodically published twice per year on April and October. Variabel is available for free (open access) to all readers. Variabel publishes both the research and theoretical study (no longer than 5 years after the draft proposed) in terms of pure Mathematics and Science, and also Mathematics and Science Education includes Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Science in school and educational institutions. All finding in scientific paper can be published in this journal.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 97 Documents
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Profil Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar pada Era Digital Solichah, Maratus; Julianto, Julianto; Suryanti, Suryanti; Istiq'faroh, Nurul; Purwoko, Budi
Variabel Vol 8, No 1 (2025): APRIL 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i1.6999

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah sejauh mana kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam konteks pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA). Studi ini dilangsungkan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2024/2025 dengan melibatkan siswa kelas VI B di SDN Kertajaya I, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, sebagai subjek penelitian. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan instrumen utama berupa soal esai. Kemampuan berpikir kritis dievaluasi melalui lima indikator, meliputi: kemampuan mengemukakan penjelasan sederhana, keterampilan dasar, penalaran lanjutan, penarikan kesimpulan, serta kemampuan merumuskan prediksi dan integrasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, rata-rata nilai siswa adalah 42 dengan rincian: penjelasan sederhana (41), keterampilan dasar (36), kesimpulan (39), penjelasan lanjutan (38), dan strategi serta integrasi (66). Temuan ini mengisyaratkan bahwa kapasitas berpikir kritis siswa masih tergolong rendah. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan alternatif strategi pembelajaran yang lebih dinamis dan inovatif, seperti penggunaan media flipbook digital, untuk mendorong penguatan kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam pembelajaran IPA.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis; Pembelajaran IPA; Flipbook DigitalProfile of Critical Thinking Ability in Science Learning in Elementary Schools in the Digital EraABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the level of students’ critical thinking skills within the context of Science (IPA) instruction. The research was conducted during the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, involving sixth-grade students from class VI B at SDN Kertajaya I, Surabaya, East Java. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, using essay-based test items as the main research instrument. Critical thinking abilities were assessed through five indicators: the ability to provide simple explanations, develop basic skills, offer advanced clarification, draw conclusions, and formulate predictions and integration. The test results revealed an average student score of 42 with the following breakdown: simple explanation (41), basic skills (36), conclusion (39), advanced clarification (38), and strategy and integration (66). These findings indicated that students’ critical thinking skills remain at a relatively low level. Therefore, a more dynamic and innovative instructional strategy such as the implementation of digital flipbook media is needed to foster improvement in students’ critical thinking abilities in Science learning.
Teori Belajar Bruner dalam Pembelajaran Fisika: Tinjauan Pustaka Harra Hau, Rambu Ririnsia; Agung, Bertolomeus Haryanto; Mole, Paulina Nelce; Sabawaly, Diana Reby; Dendo, Anderias
Variabel Vol 8, No 1 (2025): APRIL 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i1.6662

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan pemahaman mengenai teori belajar Bruner dalam penerapannya pada kegiatan pembelajaran fisika. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini yaitu studi litertur dengan meninjau berbagai sumber referensi yang relevan dengan penerapan teori Bruner dalam proses pembelajaran fisika. Data-data sekunder diperoleh dari jurnal ilmiah dan buku teks atau data yang tersedia. Hasil yang ditemukan bahwa tujuan belajar fisika Bruner yaitu belajar penemuan dengan tahapan enaktif, ikonik, dan simbolik. Hal ini diperoleh dari berbagai model-model pembelajaran yang berorientasi siswa menemukan sendiri konsep fisika dengan keterampilan proses sains yang dimiliki, diantaranya model pembelajaran Discovery, Inquiry, dan Project Based Learning.Kata Kunci: Fisika; Pembelajaran; Teori Belajar Bruner Bruner's Learning Theory in Physics Learning: A Literature ReviewABSTRACTThis article aims to present an understanding of Bruner's learning theory in its application to physics learning activities. The method used in this article was a literature study by reviewing various reference sources relevant to the application of Bruner's theory in the physics learning process. Secondary data were obtained from scientific journals and textbooks or available data. The results found that Bruner's physics learning objectives are discovery learning with enactive, iconic, and symbolic stages. This was obtained from various learning models oriented to students discovering their physics concepts with their science process skills including Discovery, Inquiry, and Project-Based Learning models.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Peluang Berbasis Etnomatematika untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Kelas X SMA Aisyah, Nur; Afri, Lisa Dwi
Variabel Vol 8, No 1 (2025): APRIL 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i1.7720

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan sebuah modul pembelajaran berbasis etnomatematika budaya Sumatera Utara yang valid, praktis, dan efektif bagi siswa kelas X di SMA Sinar Husni pada tahun ajaran 2024/2025. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model ADDIE, melibatkan 24 siswa dari kelas X-2. Data dikumpulkan melalui lembar validasi ahli, angket respons guru dan siswa, serta tes (pre-test dan post-test). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis untuk menilai validitas, kepraktisan, dan efektivitas modul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modul ini sangat valid, dengan rata-rata skor 80,93%. Selain itu, modul ini juga sangat praktis, terbukti dari angket respons guru (95%) dan siswa (86,14%). Peningkatan efektivitas juga terlihat dari hasil post-test, di mana modul ini berhasil meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dengan skor 0,7758. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul pembelajaran etnomatematika ini valid, praktis, dan efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas X SMA.Kata Kunci: Modul Pembelajaran; Etnomatematika; Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah SiswaDevelopment of Ethnomathematics-Based Learning Modules on Probability to Improve Problem-Solving Abilities of 10th Grade High School StudentsABSTRACTThis study aims to develop a valid, practical, and effective ethnomathematics-based learning module for the 10th grade of Sinar Husni High School for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used was research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. The study was conducted on 24 students in class X-2 at SMA Sinar Husni. Data was collected through expert validation sheets, response questionnaires from teachers and students, and tests (pre-test and post-test), then analysed using validity analysis, practicality analysis, and effectiveness analysis techniques. The results indicated that the module was highly valid, averaging 80.93%. The module was also highly practical, as evidenced by teacher response questionnaires reaching 95% and student response questionnaires at 86.14%. Furthermore, the post-test results indicated that the module effectively improved students' mathematical problem-solving abilities, with an effectiveness value of 0.7758. Overall, it could be concluded that this ethnomathematics-based learning module was valid, practical, and effective in enhancing the mathematical problem-solving abilities of 10th-grade high school students.
Deskripsi Miskonsepsi Siswa tentang Materi Mekanika Menggunakan Four-Tier Diagnostic Test Hidayatullah, Muhammad Musa Syarif; Silitonga, Haratua Tiur Maria; Habellia, Ray Chintiya
Variabel Vol 7, No 2 (2024): OCTOBER 2024
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v7i2.6240

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan miskonsepsi siswa pada materi mekanika menggunakan four-tier diagnostic test. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan desain studi kasus. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 342 orang siswa SMA kelas X di kalimantan barat. Instrumen four-tier diagnostic test yang digunakan berbentuk pilihan ganda dengan penalaran tertutup dan berjumlah 40 nomor soal. Data miskonsepsi diperoleh dengan mengelompokkan ke dalam 4 kategori, sesuai konsep sains, kurang pengetahuan, false negatif, false positive dan miskonsepsi. Selanjutnya miskonsepsi tiap submateri dan tiap item dianalisis kemudian dipersentasekan ke dalam kategori tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa mengalami miskonsepsi sebesar 30,4% pada submateri gerak lurus (kategori sedang), gerak melingkar sebesar 28,3% (kategori rendah), gerak parabola sebesar 19,4% (kategori rendah), hukum-hukum Newton sebesar 17,3% (kategori rendah), serta usaha dan energi sebesar 22.1% (kategori rendah). Akan tetapi, terdapat data yang menunjukkan miskonsepsi tinggi pada salah satu item soal gerak lurus beraturan dengan persentase sebesar 54,67% yaitu menjelaskan grafik posisi dan waktu gerak lurus.Kata Kunci: Four-Tier Diagnostic Test; Mekanika; Miskonsepsi Description of Students' Misconceptions about Mechanics Material Using the Four-Tier Diagnostic TestABSTRACTThis study aims to describe students' misconceptions in mechanics material using a four-tier diagnostic test. This study was descriptive with a case study design. The subjects of the study were 342 high school students in grade X in West Kalimantan. The four-tier diagnostic test instrument used was in the form of multiple choices with closed reasoning and consisted of 40 questions. Misconception data were obtained by grouping them into 4 categories, according to the concept of science, lack of knowledge, false negative, false positive and misconception. Furthermore, the misconceptions of each sub-material and each item were analysed and then presented as a percentage into high, medium, and low categories. The results of this study indicated that students experienced misconceptions of 30.4% in the sub-material of straight motion (medium category), circular motion of 28.3% (low category), parabolic motion of 19.4% (low category), Newton's laws of 17.3% (low category), and work and energy of 22.1% (low category). However, there was data that showed a high level of misconception in one of the questions on uniform straight motion with a percentage of 54.67%, namely explaining the position and time graphs of straight motion.
Eksplorasi Aspek dan Konsep Matematika pada Bentuk dan Alat-Alat Saprahan Suku Melayu Singkawang Ruslawati, Ruslawati; Nirawati, Resy; Husna, Nurul; Rosmaiyadi, Rosmaiyadi; Buyung, Buyung; Wahyuni, Rika; Mariyam, Mariyam; Prihatiningtyas, Nindy Citroresmi
Variabel Vol 8, No 1 (2025): APRIL 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i1.6309

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap serta menganalisis aspek dan konsep matematika yang terkandung dalam bentuk dan alat-alat saprahan suku melayu di Kota Singkawang. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi. Pada penelitian ini subjek dipilih secara purposive sampling, yang berarti mereka dipilih berdasarkan pertimbangan bukan secara acak. Adapun subjeknya adalah tokoh adat yang mengetahui seluk beluk mengenai tradisi saprahan pada masyarakat melayu di Kota Singkawang. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen pengumpulan data terdiri dari pedoman observasi, pedoman wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan (verifikasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Bentuk saprahan terdiri dari saprahan pendek. Aspek dan konsep matematika yang muncul pada bentuk saprahan tersebut yaitu operasi hitung, bangun datar, modulo, permutasi, dan bilangan. (2) Alat-alat yang digunakan pada tradisi saprahan terdiri dari alas saprah, batel, gelas air, gelas tampang, pinggan saprah, piring lauk, pinggan nasi, gelas (cawan) tertutup, sendok nasi, sendok lauk, baki besar atau redang, baki kecil, serbet, serta tempat buah dan kue (apar). Aspek dan konsep matematika yang muncul pada alat -alat tersebut yaitu bilangan, bangun datar, bangun ruang, kesebangunan dan kekongruenan, simetri putar, operasi hitung dan transformasi geometri.Kata Kunci: Etnomatematika; Eksplorasi; Matematika; Saprahan; Suku MelayuExploration of Mathematical Aspects and Concepts in the Shapes and Tools of the Saprahan Malay Tribe of SingkawangABSTRACTThis research aims to reveal and analyse the mathematical aspects and concepts contained in the shapes and tools of Malay saprahan in Singkawang City. The research approach used was a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods. In this study, subjects were selected using purposive sampling, which means they were selected based on considerations, not randomly. The subject was a traditional figure who knows the ins and outs of the saprahan tradition in the Malay community in Singkawang City. Data collection techniques in this research included observation, interviews, and documentation. Data collection instruments consisted of observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and documentation. The data analysis techniques used in this research were data reduction, data presentation, and concluding (verification). The research results showed that (1) the form of saprahan consists of short saprahan. The mathematical aspects and concepts that appear in this form of saprahan are arithmetic operations, plane figures, modulo, permutations and numbers; (2) the tools used in the saprahan tradition consist of a saprah base, batel, water glass, viewing glass, saprah plate, side dish plate, rice plate, closed glass (cup), rice spoon, side dish spoon, large tray or redang, small tray, napkins, and fruit and cake holder (apar). Mathematical aspects and concepts that appear in these tools were numbers, plane figures, spatial figures, similarity and congruence, rotational symmetry, arithmetic operations and geometric transformations.
Profile of Students' Creative Thinking Ability Reviewed from Self-Confidence Rusiyaningsih, Kartika; Saudah, Saudah; Gunawan, Gunawan; Subekti, Fitrianto Eko
Variabel Vol 8, No 1 (2025): APRIL 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i1.6949

Abstract

Creative thinking skills are students' ability to find ways or solutions that are unusual, unique, and have never been found by others in solving problems. This study aims to describe the ability to think creatively from the perspective of students' confidence. The research method used was qualitative descriptive, with data collection techniques through questionnaires, tests, and interviews. Questionnaires were used to divide the categories of student confidence, written tests were used to determine creative thinking skills in solving problems, and interviews were used to dig deep into information to obtain information related to problem solving. The subject of this study was sixth-grade VIII students of SMP N 1 Pekuncen. Subjects were grouped into three categories of confidence, namely high, medium, and low, based on the results of the questionnaire, using the purposive sampling technique; two people were taken as subjects in each category. The material used was a two-variable linear equation system. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and a conclusion drawn. The results of the study explained that (1) students with high categories were able to find solutions appropriately and could write down many ways to solve problems; (2) students in the medium confidence category could write down many ways to solve problems but couldnot find the right solution; (3) students with low confidence categories were not able to find the right solution and were unable to write down many ways to solve problems.
Examining the Absorbency and Elasticity Properties of Modified Coconut Fibre: An Alternative Material for Diapers Filling Kusumawati, Intan; Marwoto, Putut; Rusilowati, Ani; Sumarni, Woro; Priatmoko, Sigit
Variabel Vol 8, No 1 (2025): APRIL 2025
Publisher : STKIP Singkawang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26737/var.v8i1.6193

Abstract

Research on absorbent core and elastic-modified coconut fibre is motivated by the use of coconut fibre in terms of water absorption and elasticity. This study aims to: (1) determine the percentage of the absorbent core and elastic-modified coconut coir; (2) compare the percentage of the absorbent core and elastic-modified coconut fibre to the diapers X. The design used was experimental. The tools and materials consisted of modified coconut fibre, a Pasteur pipette, a specimen clamp, and a software system. Modified coconut coir was made from a mixture of Cinnamomum verum and Mutingia calabura L., with a sample mass ratio to diapers X, which was 1:40, circular shape with a diameter of 3 cm. The treatments for modified coconut coir were sun drying (Sample A) and a hair dryer (Sample B), which resulted in differences in the Absorbent core (Ab) and Elastic (E). The sample was forwarded for the E-test through the Tracker software system, which can detect the centre of mass of the object through the experimental video recording, and the other sample was measured Ab through the difference in the volume of water absorption. The results showed that Sample B could be used as an engineering material for Ab and E diapers X. It was concluded that: (1) %Ab-Sample B = 38.36%, %Ab-Sample A = 25.57%, %E-Sample B = 1.2%, %E-Sample A = 0.5%; (2) comparison of %E-Sample B to %E-Diapers X was 67%, and %E-Sample A to %E-Diapers X was 27%.

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