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JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW
Published by Universitas Semarang
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26214105     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/julr.v2i2.2266
Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
Journal USM LAW REVIEW (JULR) is an academic journal for Legal Studies published by Master of Law, Semarang University. It aims primarily to facilitate scholarly and professional discussions over current developments on legal issues in Indonesia as well as to publish innovative legal researches concerning Indonesian laws and legal system. The focus and scope of this journal are legal problems in the fields of Criminal Law; Civil Law; Constitutional Law; International Law; Administrative Law; Islamic Law; Business Law; Medical Law; Environmental Law; Adat Law; Agrarian Law; Legal Philosophy.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 561 Documents
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Tantangan Kepolisian dalam Penanggulangan Tindakan Premanisme pada Kejahatan Jalanan (Street Crime) Tauhid, Hendri; Pakpahan, Zainal Abidin; Siahaan, Nimrot
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i2.9209

Abstract

TThe study aims to determine the factors that cause street thuggery, performance and obstacles of the Police in overcoming street crime thuggery in the Labuhanbatu Police Region. Street thuggery is the urgency of this research because of the rise of crimes such as illegal parking, robbery and extortion. This type of research is descriptive analysis obtained from primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques through interviews, documentation and reading journal, scientific books, laws and regulations and other sources related to the object of research. Data analysis with a qualitative approach. The results of the study stated that crime in Labuhanbatu Regency increased in illegal parking crime by 87-888 cases and robbery by 41-48. Factors that cause crime are environment, economy, education. Police performance in tackling thuggery with preventive and repressive efforts. While the obstacles experienced by the police in tackling acts of thuggery are in terms of legal substance including the low penalties contained in the law. In terms of legal structure, namely the lack of adequate facilities and infrastructure in carrying out tasks such as transportation aids so that it is difficult to track down perpetrators who are outside the region. Meanwhile, in terms of legal culture, the obstacle experienced by the police is the lack of public awareness of the law. The conclusion of the research is that legal consequences must be applied more to illegal parking crimes that have an impact on community unrest so that police performance in patrols must be improved.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya tindakan premanisme jalanan, kinerja dan kendala Kepolisian dalam penanggulangan tindakan premanisme kejahatan jalanan di Wilayah Polres Labuhanbatu. Premanisme jalanan menjadi urgensi penelitian ini dilaksanakan karena maraknya kejahatan seperti parkir liar, perampokan dan pemerasan. Jenis penelitian deskriptif analisis yang diperoleh dari data primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dokumentasi dan membaca jurnal, buku ilmiah, peraturan perundang-undangan dan sumber lainnya yang berhubungan dengan objek penelitian. Analisis data dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian dinyatakan bahwa kejahatan di Kabupaten Labuhanbatu terjadinya peningkatan kejahatan parkir liar sebanyak 87-888 kasus dan perampokan sebanyak 41-48. Faktor-faktor penyabab kejatahan yaitu lingkungan, ekonomi, pendidikan. Kinerja Kepolisian dalam menanggulangi tindakan premanisme dengan upaya preventif dan represif. Sedangkan kendala yang dialami oleh kepolisian dalam menanggulangi tindakan premanisme yaitu segi substansi hukum meliputi rendahnya hukuman yang terdapat dalam undang-undang. Segi struktur hukum yaitu kurangnya sarana dan prasarana yang memadai dalam melaksanakan tugas seperti alat bantu tranportasi sehingga sulitnya melacak pelaku yang berada diluar wilayah. Sedangkan dari segi budaya hukum kendala yang dialami oleh kepolisian yaitu kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap hukum. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa konsekuensi hukum harus lebih diterapkan kepada kejahatan parkir liar yang berdampak pada keresahan masyarakat sehingga kinerja polisi dalam patroli harus ditingkatkan lagi.
Akses Keadilan Yang Tidak Sampai: Studi Kajian Bantuan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Miskin Marlina, Andi; Rasna, Rasna; Rahman, Abd; Suci, Purnama
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i2.8668

Abstract

This research aims to identify and analyze the factors causing the ineffectiveness of legal aid information in society and ways to enhance the understanding and legal awareness of the community, particularly among the impoverished, to utilize legal assistance. Despite legal provisions and institutions to address this issue, significant challenges still need to be addressed to ensure that the less privileged members of society have adequate access to justice. This research utilizes qualitative methods, specifically field research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach. The study delves into how to deepen the public's understanding of legal concepts to access advocacy services, especially for low-income groups. The findings of this research highlight the legal aid institutions in the Ajatppareng area, namely the Justice Image Institution of Parepare City, the Bhakti Justice Legal Aid Institution of Parepare, the Sunan Legal Aid Institute of Parepare, the Patriot Justice Legal Aid Institute of Sidrap, and the Patriot Indonesia Foundation, South Sulawesi Branch in Pinrang. These legal institutions provide legal assistance to impoverished communities in their respective areas, particularly in general criminal, narcotics, and juvenile cases. However, legal aid for impoverished communities facing legal issues in the Ajatppareng area has yet to be fully optimized, as many people still need to learn of the existence of these legal aid institutions. This lack of awareness is attributed to the limited dissemination of information to the community, resulting in unfulfilled access to justice for the impoverished. It is hoped that there will be an outreach to all segments of society, especially those with low incomes, regarding the existence of legal aid centers.Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor penyebab kurang efektifnya informasi bantuan hukum dalam masyarakat dan cara meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran hukum masyarakat khususnya bagi masyarakat miskin untuk menggunakan bantuan hukum. Meskipun sudah ada ketentuan dan lembaga hukum untuk mengatasi masalah ini, masih terdapat tantangan besar dalam memastikan masyarakat kurang mampu mendapatkan akses efektif keadilan. Metode penelitian ini dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan metode deskriptif-analitis kritis. Kajian ini secara mendalam membahas tentang cara dan metode yang digunakan untuk memperdalam konsep pemahaman hukum publik untuk mengakses layanan advokasi khususnya bagi kelompok berpendapatan rendah. Hasil penelitian ini ialah Lembaga bantuan hukum yang ada di wilayah Ajatppareng yaitu Lembaga Citra Keadilan Kota Parepare, Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Bhakti Keadilan Parepare, YLBH Sunan Kota Parepare, LBH Bantuan Hukum Patriot Keadilan Sidrap, dan Yayasan Patriot Indonesia Sulsel Cabang Pinrang. Lembaga-lembaga hukum tersebut telah memberikan pendampingan hukum bagi masyarakat miskin yang ada di wilayah masing-masing dalam beberapa kasus seperti kasus pidana umum, narkotika dan kasus anak. Bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat miskin yang berhadapan dengan hukum yang ada di wilayah Ajatppareng belum berjalan maksimal, masih banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui tentang keberadaan lembaga bantuan hukum tersebut. Hal ini disebabkan minimnya informasi sampai kepada masyarakat sehingga akses untuk mendapatkan keadilan bagi masyarakat miskin tidak tercapai. diharapkan adanya penyuluhan kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat khususnya masyarakat berpendapatan rendah terkait adanya pusat bantuan hukum. 
Optimalisasi Pelaksanaan Pidana Mati Dalam Mewujudkan Efek Jera Pada Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana Rahadjo Puro, Djuhandhani; Sudarmanto, Kukuh; Arifin, Zaenal
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7945

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to examine the implementation of the death penalty and the commutation of death sentences for premeditated murder cases. The urgency of this research lies in how the application of the death penalty in proven premeditated murder cases may fail to ensure legal justice for the victims. This type of research adopts a socio-legal research approach. The legal framework for the application of the death penalty in Indonesia is governed by Article 10 and Article 11 of the Criminal Code (KUH Pidana). In the case of premeditated murder of S and her child MF, the defendant D was ultimately sentenced to life imprisonment. Defendant D was charged under Article 340 of the KUHP (Criminal Code), Article 80 in conjunction with 76c of Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning child protection in Indonesia. The imposition of the death penalty for premeditated murder cases is rarely decided by judges. In their judgments, judges often opt for life imprisonment or a 20-year prison sentence. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaturan pelaksanaan hukuman mati dan pemutusan hukuman mati terhadap pembunuhan berencana. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan hukuman mati pada kasus pembunuhan berencana terbukti kurang mampu menjamin keadilan hukum bagi korban. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis sosiologis. Kerangka hukum penerapan hukuman mati di Indonesia diatur dalam Pasal 10 dan Pasal 11 KUH Pidana. Untuk kasus pembunuhan berencana terhadap S dan anaknya MF pada akhirnya terdakwa D dijatuhi hukumam pidana seumur hidup. Terdakwa D dikenai Pasal 340 KUHP, Pasal 80 juncto 76c UU RI Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang perlindungan anak. Penerapan hukuman mati pada tindak pidana pembunuhan berencana jarang diputuskan oleh hakim. Dalam putusannya Hakim menggunakan pidana seumur hidup atau hukuman penjara 20 tahun.    
Regulasi Izin Perdagangan TikTok Shop Sebagai Fitur Tambahan Aplikasi TikTok di Indonesia Muna, Kholifatul; Santoso, Budi
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i1.8950

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji regulasi izin perdagangan TikTok Shop sebagai fitur tambahan aplikasi TikTok di indonesia, akibat perkembangan e-commerce yang semakin pesat ditandai adanya aktivitas transaksi elektronik di berbagai aplikasi, salah satunya TikTok Shop dalam aplikasi TikTok merupakan aplikasi gabungan antara marketplace dan media sosial. TikTok Shop resmi ditutup, namun hadir kembali di media sosial TikTok dengan menggandeng Tokopedia sebagai marketplace. Urgensi dalam penelitian ini yaitu berkembangnya e-commerce yang semakin pesat di Indonesia dan diikuti perkembangan hukum dan kebutuhan masyarakat yang dinamis memerlukan adanya penyesuaian terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan statute approach yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini yaitu adanya peraturan baru yang mengatur perizinan usaha dalam perdagangan melalui sistem elektronik dan adanya kerja sama antara TikTok dan Tokopedia dalam fitur TikTok Shop. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberlakuan Permendag 31 Tahun 2023 ini memberikan aturan yang tegas kepada TikTok dalam Pasal 21 Ayat (3) bahwa PPMSE dengan model bisnis social-commerce dilarang memfasilitasi transaksi pembayaran pada sistem elektronik. karena TikTok hanya mempunyai izin sebagai media sosial, tidak sebagai marketplace, sehingga harus dipisahkan antara keduanya. Maka dari itu, TikTok menggandeng Tokopedia yang mempunyai izin sebagai marketplace. Dengan bergabungnya dua perusahaan tersebut, menimbulkan kemungkinan potensi monopoli industri e-commerce di Indonesia.
Perlindungan Hukum Anak Korban Eksploitasi Sebagai Publik Figur di Media Sosial Garry, Garry; Harefa, Beniharmoni
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i1.7850

Abstract

This research examines the protection of children as public figures on social media. Involving children in the world of work, or what is known as child labor, has several applicable provisions because employing children is only allowed to develop a child's interests and talents. Exploitation can occur if children are forced to work as public figures on social media. Law Number 17 of 2016 concerning child protection was created in order to provide protection for children from all actions that are detrimental to the child's growth and development. In addition, the role of the government through institutions related to child protection is one of the keys to reducing the number of cases of child exploitation. The research method used is normative juridical type with a statutory approach and a comparative approach supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of this research show that there are regulations governing the prevention of child exploitation and provisions for child labor, along with the role of KPAI as a child protection institution, so that these two components should be able to suppress cases of child exploitation of public figures on social media.Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai perlindungan anak sebagai publik figur dalam media sosial. Melibatkan anak dalam dunia kerja atau disebut dengan pekerja anak memiliki beberapa ketentuan yang berlaku karena dalam mempekerjakan anak hanya boleh dalam rangka mengembangkan minat dan bakat seorang anak. Eksploitasi dapat terjadi jika anak dipaksa untuk menjadi pekerja sebagai publik figur di media sosial. Undang-Undang Nomor 17 tahun 2016 tentang perlindungan anak telah dibuat dalam rangka memberikan perlindungan bagi anak dari segala tindakan yang merugikan tumbuh kembang anak. Di samping itu peran dari pemerintah melalui lembaga terkait perlindungan anak merupakan salah satu kunci dari penekanan angka eksploitasi anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan komparatif yang didukung bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder, tersier. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sudah ada regulasi yang mengatur mengenai pencegahan eksploitasi anak dan ketentuan bagi pekerja anak beserta peran KPAI sebagai lembaga perlindungan anak sehingga dengan dua komponen tersebut seharusnya mampu menekan kasus eksploitasi anak publik figur di media sosial.  
Criminal Law Reform In Criminal Responsibility For People In Mental Disorders Oriented To Dignified Justice Tedjokusumo, Dave David; Siswanto, Carissa Amanda
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7928

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the nature of criminal responsibility and criminal law reform in ODGJ criminal responsibility which is oriented towards the theory of dignified justice. The urgency of this study is that the application of the formulation of offenses in the provisions of Article 44 of the WvS Criminal Code is not appropriate for perpetrators of criminal acts who are malingering, lack of legal protection to victims. Therefore, a reform of criminal law is needed. In the preparation of this research using normative juridical legal research methods carried out through literature review as the basic material for analysis. The result of the discussion of this study is that the reform of criminal law, especially in ODGJ criminal liability which has been regulated in Article 38 juncto Article 39 of the National Criminal Code, where the rule of law is more appropriate, and has been oriented towards the theory of dignified justice. In addition, it is also necessary to pay attention to the role of relevant law enforcement officials such as the Police and Hospitals which in this case issue Visum et Repertum (VeR), because correct law enforcement is also needed from law enforcement officials.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bank Sebagai Pengguna Artificial Intelligence Frans, Mardian Putra; Sari, Agustina Indah Intan; Panji, Krismelia Y; Ismara, Yudhistira Buana Cipta
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i2.9026

Abstract

 The purpose of the research is to study and analyze the issue of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) by banks that results in losses to customers. To respond to the issue, this paper argues that banks as AI users should be held criminally liable despite the lack of mens rea in banks as corporations which are legal entities. For this reason, this paper uses the identification theory as an analytical tool for bank criminal liability. The issue is compiled on the results of normative legal research with a statute approach and conceptual approach. The results of the study show that based on the identification theory, the bank as an AI user can be held criminally liable with the public prosecutor must identify the person who committed the criminal act (actus reus) is the management as the controlling personnel (directing mind or controlling mind). The location of the AI mens rea is in the approval of the corporate controller to use AI, meaning that the approval is interpreted as the inner attitude of the controller to accept the risks arising from the use of AI. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk menganalisis isu penggunaan artificial intelligence (AI) oleh bank yang berakibat pada kerugian bagi nasabah. Untuk menanggapi isu tersebut, tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa bank sebagai pengguna AI patut dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana meskipun tidak mempunyai mens rea pada bank sebagai korporasi yang merupakan badan hukum. Untuk itu, tulisan ini menggunakan teori identifikasi sebagai pisau analisis terhadap pertanggungjawaban pidana bank. Isu tersebut disusun atas hasil penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukan, berdasarkan teori identifikasi, bank sebagai pengguna AI dapat dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana dengan penuntut umum harus mengidentifikasi yang melakuan perbuatan pidana (actus reus) adalah pengurus sebagai personil pengendali (directing mind atau controlling mind). Letak mens rea AI ada pada persetujuan pengendali korporasi menggunakan AI, artinya sikao persetujuan tersebit dimaknai sebagai sikap batin pengali untuk menerima resiko yang timbul akibat penggunaai AI.  
Clickbait as a Potential Threat in the Development of Cybercrime in Indonesia Vanessa, Victoria; Ibrahim, Aji Lukman
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): APRIL
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i1.8024

Abstract

This research examines the advancement and extensive diffusion of online news in Indonesia which contains discrepancies between the titles displayed and the content displayed (clickbait), where the content has the potential to contain backlinks that can carry a cybercrime. The purpose of this research is to assess the potential of clickbait in threatening the development of cybercrime in Indonesia, as well as to investigate the best legal regulations for eradicating clickbait in Indonesia. This research uses the normative legal research method followed by the interview method. The outcomes of this research point to the shift in news media from conventional to online making the target of online news journalists not only limited to reporting factual information but also pursuing a target audience of readers by using a clickbait title. The content of clickbait news that clearly does not match the title can deceive Indonesians, especially if accompanied by backlinks that actually spread many forms of cybercrime. In addition, it was found that there are no regulations in Indonesia that prohibit the dissemination of online news with clickbait, be it in the Press Law, ITE Law, Journalistic Code of Ethics, Cyber Media Reporting Guidelines, and the Criminal Code, which can be overcome by revising the ITE Law by adding related prohibitions in Article 28.
Juridical Analysis of Fundamental Considerations of The Judge on Defendant’s Attitude at The Trial Adi Rachmat, Bayu; Waluyo, Bambang
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7313

Abstract

This research aims to determine the relevance of the principle of judicial independence in deciding or considering the judge's verdict on the defendant in criminal cases under trial. It also aims to identify the legal basis that judge used in delivering the verdict. This study used a normative research method, from various legal principles, legal systems, and statutory regulations. The specific case under investigation involved an issue of injustice that occurred during the trial, where the judge granted leniency to the defendant based on their courteous behavior during the trial. The focus of this research is on aspects that may be considered for leniency by the judge, one of which is the defendant's polite behavior during the trial. Polite behavior is not explicitly regulated in criminal law, making it necessary to further investigate the judge's considerations in granting leniency to defendants who behave politely during the trial. This research is based on Law Number 48 of 2009 concerning the judiciary.
Praktik Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat dalam Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah di Sektor Jasa Konstruksi Arifin, Zaenal; Amirullah, Muhammad; Nugroho, Tri
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i2.8368

Abstract

The aim of this study is to study the regulation of unfair business competition in government goods/services combination (PBJ) and study the consideration of the Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) in resolving the issue of unfair business competition construction Mandala Krida Stadium. Infrastructure development is a way of turning the wheel of society's economy. Increasing infrastructure development needs have prompted the government to create a framework for attracting private investment and participation in infrastructure projects. that the construction services sector is key in infrastructure development, which directly affects economic growth. Unfair business competition can hinder the development of quality and efficient infrastructure.  The type of research used is the juridic normative. The result of this study is that the PBJ Competition Act has provided a sufficient basis for regulating and monitoring the competition of enterprises in the PBJ sector. To more ideal conditions, improvements are needed in terms of implementation and law enforcement. Strengthening inter-agency coordination, enhancing the competence of entrepreneurs, and improving supervisory capabilities, as well as the more effective use of technology can help create a healthier and fairer competitive climate in the PBJ in Indonesia. KPPU established that there has been a violation of Article 22 of the Business Competition Act. KPPU decided to grant administrative sanctions to the entrepreneurs involved, including fines and prohibition from participating in the PBJ for a certain period of time. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaturan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam pengadan barang/jasa pemerintah (PBJ) dan mengkaji pertimbangan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) dalam memutus perkara persaingan usaha tidak sehat pembangunan Stadion Mandala Krida. Pembangunan infrastruktur adalah cara untuk memutar roda ekonomi masyarakat. Meningkatnya kebutuhan pembangunan infrastruktur mendorong pemerintah membuat kerangka kerja untuk menarik investasi dan partisipasi swasta dalam proyek-proyek infrastruktur salah satu contoh yaitu pengadaan tender pembangunan. bahwa sektor jasa konstruksi adalah kunci dalam pembangunan infrastruktur, yang secara langsung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Ketidakadilan dalam persaingan usaha dapat menghambat pembangunan infrastruktur yang berkualitas dan efisien.  Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah UU Persaingan Usaha dan Perpres PBJ telah memberikan dasar yang cukup untuk mengatur dan mengawasi persaingan usaha di sektor PBJ. Untuk mencapai kondisi yang lebih ideal, diperlukan peningkatan dalam hal implementasi dan penegakan hukum. Penguatan koordinasi antar lembaga, peningkatan kompetensi pelaku usaha, peningkatan kapabilitas pengawasan, serta pemanfaatan teknologi yang lebih efektif dapat membantu menciptakan iklim persaingan yang lebih sehat dan adil dalam PBJ di Indonesia. KPPU menetapkan bahwa telah terjadi pelanggaran Pasal 22 UU Persaingan Usaha. KPPU memutuskan untuk memberikan sanksi administratif kepada para pelaku usaha yang terlibat, termasuk denda dan larangan berpartisipasi dalam PBJ untuk jangka waktu tertentu.  

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