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Muhammad Ridwan
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Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences
Published by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal
ISSN : 26151715     EISSN : 26153076     DOI : DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci
Core Subject : Religion, Economy, Humanities, Art, Social,
Religion Arts Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences is a peer-reviewed journal published in February, May, August and November by Budapest International Research and Critics University Journal (BIRCU-Journal). BIRCI welcomes research papers in Humanities: Language and Linguistics, History, Literature, Performing Art, Philosophy, Religion, Visual Arts. Social Sciences: Economics, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology, Geography, Culture and Ethics Studies, Gender and Sexuality Studies, Area Studies, Archaeology, and other related areas and it is published in both online and printed versions.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May" : 15 Documents clear
Overview of Usage Behavior of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Among Workers at PT. X in 2024 Yuniyanti, Wahyu Siti; Millah, Izzatul
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8060

Abstract

Occupational safety and health are the most important things. Based on Law Number 2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services, Article 52 states that service providers and sub-service providers in providing construction services must meet security, safety, health and sustainability standards. With occupational safety and health, workers can do all their work safely. The aim of this research is to describe the behavior of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) among workers at PT.X in 2024. The method used in this research is quantitative analytic with a cross sectional design study approach. The respondents of this study were 100 workers at PT. X. The results of this research show that of all the respondents observed, it was found that the majority of them complied with using PPE while carrying out their duties, namely 85.0%, 88.0%. 92.0% obediently wear a helmet when carrying out their duties, 92.0% obediently use safety shoes, 94.0% obediently use a helmet, 91.0% obediently use a mask, 93.0% obediently use goggles, and 93.0% obediently use gloves. Every employee must be educated to understand the benefits of using personal protective equipment when working and every employee must also be disciplined and consistent in using personal protective equipment while carrying out their duties at work.
Genesis, Gender, and Human Identity: A Theological and Philosophical Exploration Goshu, Belay Sitotaw; Ridwan, Muhammad
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8070

Abstract

This study investigates the intersection of biblical interpretations, philosophical thought, and gender theory to explore how the concept of human identity and gender roles has evolved. The purpose of this research is to analyze traditional religious and philosophical views on gender duality, focusing on interpretations of the Genesis creation narrative and philosophical ideas like Plato’s Symposium. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative approach, incorporating theological, historical, and logical analysis to assess various interpretations of gender identity. The findings reveal that while traditional religious perspectives emphasize gender complementarity, philosophical discourses present androgyny as a model for understanding human identity. This research highlights the need for a contemporary dialogue between theological institutions and modern gender theory to address issues of gender equality and identity formation. The conclusion recommends that religious institutions reconsider their stances on gender roles and engage with evolving social perspectives to promote a more inclusive view of human identity. Ultimately, the study advocates for inclusive theological reflection that respects traditional values and modern understandings of gender equality.
Cinematographic Analysis and Authorship of Nollywood Contemporary Films in Nigeria Aondover, Perpetua Ogechi; N. Amadi, Richard; Whyte, Dike Harcourt
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8061

Abstract

This paper examines the cinematographic techniques and directorial authorship in contemporary Nollywood films, exploring how visual storytelling, lighting, camera work, and editing define the industry’s unique cinematic language. The study also evaluates the influence of individual directors in shaping the artistic and narrative structure of Nigerian films. The study investigates key trends, challenges, and the evolution of Nollywood’s cinematic identity in the global film landscape. The paper argues that Nollywood, Nigeria’s prolific film industry, has grown into one of the largest film-producing sectors in the world. Initially characterized by low-budget productions and direct-to-video releases, contemporary Nollywood has embraced high production values, sophisticated storytelling, and technical advancements. The paper points out that the concept of the Nollywood auteur is defined by the unique styles and recurring themes observed in the works of certain directors. Some Nollywood directors have developed a signature style, often seen in their recurrent themes, cinematographic choices, and narrative structures. Directors such as Kunle Afolayan, Perpetua Ogechi, Kemi Adetiba, and Niyi Akinmolayan are known for their distinctive storytelling and technical finesse. Despite advancements, Nollywood still faces challenges such as limited funding, infrastructural deficits, and constraints in distribution networks. However, the rise of streaming platforms like Netflix and Amazon Prime Video provides new opportunities for global visibility and increased production standards. The paper concludes that the evolution of cinematographic techniques and the emergence of auteur directors have significantly shaped contemporary Nollywood films.
The Effect of Budget Efficiency Policies on Employment in West Java’s Hospitality Sector: A Case Study on Hotel and Restaurant Layoffs Ahyani, Hisam; Kuncoro, Irfan; Sartono, Sartono; Hidayat, Moh. Syarif; Abduloh, Agus Yosep
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8071

Abstract

This study examines the impact of budget efficiency policies on labor in the hospitality industry in West Java, focusing on employee reductions in hotels and restaurants. In 2025, the Indonesian government's budget cuts aimed at reducing the fiscal deficit severely impacted the hospitality sector, which relies on government-funded activities like seminars and official travel. Using interviews and secondary data, the study found a sharp decline in hotel occupancy rates, leading to financial difficulties and an estimated 40,000 layoffs. The findings highlight the need for policy adjustments, including financial support for businesses and targeted recovery plans for SMEs, to ensure long-term stability in the region’s hospitality industry.
The Crucible of Conscience: Morality and Spirituality in Military Service Rolland, Rakotonindriana David; Baholy, Robijaona Rahelivololoniaina
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8072

Abstract

On the one hand, discipline is the main strength of the military. On the other hand, without discipline, there is total anarchy within the military compound. But on the other hand, without God, the army works in vain. A soldier is first of all a man or a woman, that is to say a human body, endowed with a body, a soul and a spirit. The three work in harmony. This is what differentiates man from animal and other creatures of God. These are the ideas on which this article is based. The army will always be close to God, even considered as the third institution of God. It’s been talked about a lot, and it’s written from beginning to end in the Bible. It even looks like it’s God’s temple. This article presents a Christian perspective of soldiers, preparing them for non-traditional ministry, training them to make the profession of faith. The key is to bring the gospel of Jesus Christ to every uniformed man and woman in the military, and then spread the gospel through the military chaplaincy to the military families. The ministry among the military is biblical. Is this call to chaplaincy the biblical basis of military profession, in order to prepare soldiers spiritually?
The Universe as an Open or Closed System: A Comparative Analysis of Scientific and Religious Perspectives Goshu, Belay Sitotaw; Ridwan, Muhammad
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8065

Abstract

The openness or closeness of the universe has long been a topic of discussion in both scientific and religious circles. Scientific theories in cosmology and quantum mechanics suggest an evolving and possibly infinite universe, while religious perspectives offer varied interpretations, often emphasizing divine purpose, interconnectedness, and ultimate destiny. Understanding this debate is crucial in addressing global challenges and fostering a more unified perspective on existence. Purpose: This study aims to explore the implications of an open or closed universe through scientific and religious perspectives, identifying areas of convergence and divergence. It examines how these views shape human consciousness, governance, and ethical responsibility toward planetary and interstellar sustainability. A qualitative comparative analysis was conducted using literature reviews of scientific theories, theological texts, and historical perspectives. Key scientific frameworks included thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, and astrophysics, while religious interpretations were drawn from Christianity, Islam, and other spiritual traditions. Findings: The analysis revealed that an open-system perspective aligns with both scientific discoveries—such as cosmic expansion and interstellar material exchange—and religious teachings that emphasize universal interconnectedness. A closed-system perspective, while useful in deterministic models, may limit broader explorations of human potential, intergalactic cooperation, and ethical governance. Conclusions: By fusing scientific discoveries with spiritual consciousness, an open-system paradigm promotes a transition from conflict-driven government to collaborative global and interplanetary stewardship. Recommendations: Policymakers, educators, and religious leaders should foster interdisciplinary dialogue, promote ethical space exploration, and develop frameworks for sustainable planetary and cosmic engagement.
Evaluating the Shift from Television Advertising to Influencer Marketing in Public Relations Industry in Nigeria Olaoluwakitan, Akande, Oluwanifemi; Akin-Odukoya, Omolara Oluwabusayo
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8075

Abstract

The advertising and marketing sector keeps evolving with technology and this transformation poses a threat to traditional media platforms. Therefore, this study evaluates the shift from television advertising to influencer marketing in the Nigerian Public Relations Industry. This research is supported by the Media Ecology Theory. Media Ecology Theory explores how different forms of media shape communication and societal interactions, explaining how social media-driven influencer marketing is altering traditional advertising dynamics. Media Consumption Theory examines how audiences interact with media content, providing an inside look into the transition from television to digital platforms. A sample of 100 public relations professionals were administered questionnaires. The data collected were on the factors of shifting to influencer marketing, the effectiveness of influencer marketing strategy, prospects of influencer marketing, how the techniques of influencer marketing were influenced by digital interactions and social media platforms, and the long-term effects of this shift. The data obtained through questionnaires were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29 to assess the factors of influencer marketing compared to television advertising and also, the perceived effectiveness of influencer marketing. The result indicates reaching a wider audience (30%), better targeting of niche demographics (28%), and more audience engagement (38%), are the factors driving the transition. The influencer marketing strategies with high positive deviations above the mean are brand visibility (3.38), and audience engagement (3.40). Conclusively, the benefits attached to influencer marketing are the factors that influence the shift. It is therefore recommended that the potential of influencer marketing be maximized to the fullest.
Community Awareness and Government Response to Cholera Outbreaks in Borno State Airaoje, Ojemeiri Karl; Akintayo, Atinuke Olubukade; Adewale, Olugbenga Charles; Obada, Aruaye Afeye
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8058

Abstract

Cholera remains a major public health concern in many developing regions, particularly in areas affected by conflict, displacement, and inadequate sanitation. Borno State, located in Northeastern Nigeria, has experienced recurrent cholera outbreaks due to a combination of factors, including poor access to clean water, overcrowded internally displaced persons (IDP) camps, and fragile healthcare infrastructure. Young adults (18-30 years) and children under 18 account for the majority of cases, with a slight predominance of females (53%) due to increased water-related activities. This study highlights key outbreak drivers, including contaminated water sources, lack of sanitation facilities, and low awareness of cholera prevention measures. Findings indicate that 48.7% of residents rely on untreated well water, 68.4% lack toilet access, and only 23.5% practice regular handwashing, contributing to recurrent outbreaks. In addition, limited vaccination coverage (22%) and knowledge gaps about cholera transmission and symptoms further increase vulnerability to annual cholera outbreaks. To mitigate future outbreaks, the study recommends improving water supply and treatment, enhancing sanitation infrastructure, and promoting hygiene education. Expanding cholera vaccination campaigns and strengthening community health education initiatives are also critical. Government agencies and public health stakeholders must prioritize these interventions to reduce cholera incidence and improve overall public health resilience in Jere LGA.
Economic Impact of the 2025 Los Angeles Wildfires from the Perspective of Islamic Law: Social Justice, Collective Responsibility, and Implications for Achieving SDGS Ahyani, Hisam; Hamidi, A. Luthfi; Huda, Miftakhul; Abduloh, Agus Yosep; Lousada, Sérgio António Neves
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8069

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the economic impact of the 2025 Los Angeles wildfires through the lens of Islamic law, focusing on its application for disaster management, social justice, and supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 13 (Climate Action) and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Using Islamic legal principles such as maslahah (public interest), adl (justice), tawhid (unity), and takaful (mutual protection), the research explores their role in disaster recovery and economic redistribution. A qualitative approach is adopted, employing a case study of the 2025 wildfires, with an analysis of Islamic legal documents, expert interviews, and post-disaster policy reviews. The study finds that Islamic law offers practical instruments such as zakat (charity), qard al-hasan (interest-free loans), and takaful to aid recovery, while emphasizing collective responsibility in rebuilding after disasters. The research highlights how these Islamic principles can guide disaster recovery, promoting fair and sustainable practices in line with the SDGs. By integrating Islamic law into disaster management, the study offers unique solutions for equitable recovery efforts post-disaster. This research provides valuable insights into using Islamic law to create a more just and sustainable economic recovery framework in the face of natural disasters.
Determinants of Market Share of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in the Economic System Shafira, Alfina; Rizal, Sofyan; Aziz, Roikhan Mochamad
Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Vol 8, No 2 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics Institute May
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birci.v8i2.8092

Abstract

This research analyzes the impact of the BI Rate, CAR, ROA, FDR, as well as Murabahah and Musyarakah financing, on the market share of Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia. Using quantitative panel data regression on quarterly data from 7 BUSs covering the period 2015-2024, the study found that all tested variables significantly affect market share. The BI Rate, as a macroeconomic factor, showed significance, indicating the sensitivity of Islamic banking to external economic conditions and monetary policy. Internal factors such as CAR (Capital Adequacy Ratio) and ROA (Return on Assets) positively and significantly influenced market share, aligning with Islamic economic principles of maintaining stability and wealth. FDR (Financing-to-Deposit Ratio) also had a positive effect, highlighting the link to real sector financing. On the product side, Murabahah, the dominant financing contract, proved individually significant. Musyarakah, although less utilized due to higher risk, also exerted a positive influence, underscoring the potential of Profit-Loss Sharing (PLS) schemes in Islamic finance. Overall, the findings indicate that BUS market share is influenced by a combination of external factors (BI Rate), internal health (CAR, ROA), and a focus on real sector financing (FDR, Murabahah, Musyarakah), implying a connection between the fundamental performance of Islamic banks and the real sector they finance.

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