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CRJIM (Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine)
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 27235130     EISSN : 27235122     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.crjim
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine is the official open access journal of Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. It publishes articles two times per year. It is a peer reviewed publication of Indonesian Internal Medicine journals and accepting articles for publication from around the world. CRJIM only publishes articles in the English version. The objective of this journal is to publish the selected clinical and basic research relevant to Internal Medicine. It covers the following topics, nephrology, endocrinology, metabolic, and diabetes, rheumatology, geriatrics, tropic infection, hematology oncology. CRJIM publishes original researches, reviews, brief reports, editorial, case series, case reports, and commentary. Additionally, it also considers publishing animal studies relevant to Internal Medicine topic. It is an international journal dedicated to providing new information that could give new insight for alternative solutions, diagnosis, therapy and prevention for researchers and practitioners in Internal Medicine.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran Internal
Articles 108 Documents
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Association of Sociodemographic Factors in Affecting the Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour of Tuberculosis and HIV in Malang: A Community-Based Study in Rural Area Rosandy, Milanitalia; Candradikusuma, Didi; Indiastari, Dewi; Fatma, Endah; Budiarti, Niniek; Sutanto, Heri; Abellia, Gaby
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Volume 5 No 1, May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.01.07

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people with HIV. In Indonesia, the Tuberculosis prevalence in 2021 stood at 969,000 cases with an average of 354 cases per 100,000 people. Nevertheless, tuberculosis is often neglected by many people, whereas in fact, it is a preventable and curable disease. This study aims to assess the knowledge, perception, behaviour, and screening for tuberculosis and their association with sociodemographic factors in a rural area of Malang, Indonesia. Method: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted. The subjects of this study were adults (≥18 years old) who could comprehend the Indonesian language. We included 462 individuals who were chosen randomly by a multistage stratified sampling technique in rural areas of Malang, Indonesia. A validated questionnaire was asked to be filled in by participants, which were selected randomly using a multistage stratified sampling technique. Collected data were analyzed on SPSS for Windows version 25.0 Results: This study found that most (59.77%) of adults from the study area are still unaware of tuberculosis infection, transmission, prevention, and its risk factors. Only 1.2% were aware of the importance of screening if they had contact with positive tuberculosis patients. Participants in the age groups of 61 to 70 and over 70 years old were 5.5 and 4.0 times more likely to exhibit unsatisfactory behaviour compared to those in the 27 to 30 age group. Conclusion: This study shows that knowledge, perceptions, behaviours and tuberculosis screening toward tuberculosis are still lacking in rural communities in Malang and showed that participant on younger age and higher educational subjects has better knowledge, behaviour, perception and screening towards Tuberculosis and HIV.
The Role of Systematic Reviews in Hematological Diseases Treatment Kartika, Juspeni; Legiran, Legiran
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Volume 5 No 1, May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.01.08

Abstract

Evidence-based medicine utilizes medical literature to guide clinical decisions, diagnose and treat patients. Practitioners use evidence-based guidelines to support or oppose a medical intervention. Therefore, systematic reviews of high-quality randomized controlled trials are the highest quality reviews, as these investigations are at the top of the hierarchy of evidence-based medicine. In continuing medical education, systematic reviews are used to inform medical interventions that should be used or avoided in order to protect patient safety and improve health services based on evidence5. In addition, systematic reviews produce empirical and focused answers. Regarding the explanation above, the author would like to explain further regarding the role of systematic reviews in therapeutic approaches in the field of hematology.
Sedentary Lifestyle as a Leading cause of Some Diseases and Disability Tri Tjahjono, Cholid; Arthamin, Maimun
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Volume 5 No 1, May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.01.09

Abstract

The prevalence of inactive lifestyles has increased, leading to detrimental effects on health. Sedentary behavior refers to any action that involves extended periods of sitting, reclining, or lying down and requires minimal energy expenditure. Insufficient physical activity is prevalent among one-third of the global population aged 15 years and older, leading to adverse health effects. Nevertheless, there is a lack of awareness regarding the health hazards associated with sedentary behaviors. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyles is expanding globally due to limited opportunities for physical activity, the rise in sedentary work environments including office jobs, and the growing prevalence of television and video devices. As a result, the related health issues are increasing. Sedentary behaviors have a broad range of negative effects on the human body, including an increased risk of death from any cause, death from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. They also increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders like arthralgia and osteoporosis, as well as depression and cognitive impairment. Therefore, minimizing sedentary behaviors and boosting physical exercise are both vital to promote public health.
An An Interesting Case of Extrapulmonary Manifestation of a Rare Mediastinal Tumor-Schwannoma Dixit, Sapna; Kumar, Nagendra; Srivastava, Anand; Garg, Rajiv Garg; Qayoom, Sumaira
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Volume 5 No 2, November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.02.13

Abstract

A 23-year-old nonsmoking, female was sent to respiratory medicine department with suspicion of malignant intrathoracic lesion. The diagnosis was confirmed by performing Computed tomography of thorax. Suspicion for Benign posterior mediastinal schwannoma was raised as it is one of the most common posterior mediastinal mass. Complete resection of the mass was done & findings were confirmed by histopathological examination. We present here a case of posterior mediastinal schwannoma who presented with complaints of left-sided anhidrosis, headache, frequent tingling sensation & weakened hand grip for 4 years. To study the clinical presentation, course of progression, diagnosis & management of posterior mediastinal schwannoma. A case of posterior mediastinal schwannoma was studied with regular investigations, surgical management & follow-up. The patient recovered with complete resolution & uneventful postoperative period. In the list of common differential diagnoses for posterior mediastinal masses neurogenic tumors acquire the top position. Currently, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is the technique of choice for the diagnosis and treatment of benign posterior mediastinal masses as it is less invasive& has fewer complications. Survival rates for patients with benign neurogenic tumors are excellent. The benign posterior mediastinal schwannoma is completely resectable with less recurrence.
The Renal Resistive Index as A Early Predictor of Renal Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Renal Resistive Index Predictor of Renal Dysfunction Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Dsouza, Amith Vijay Leon; D'Souza, Reshmina; Adiga K, Prashanth; Braggs, Anston
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Volume 5 No 2, November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.02.05

Abstract

Background : Type 2 diabetes develops over a long period of time, represents 85–90 per cent of all cases of diabetes . Diabetic nephropathy is a relatively common form of chronic renal disease. It is the most constant microvascular complication in diabetic patients.Conventional ultrasound and colour Doppler provide easily available, affordable and non-invasive follow up method for evaluation of kidneys in diabetic nephropathy. Aim :The purpose of this study is to assess the intrarenal resistivity index by Doppler ultrasonography in a group of diabetics with normal renal function in comparison to non diabetic controls and correlating them with biochemical parameters. Materials And Methods :The study was done over a period of 2 years from October 2020 To October 2022. The study I a case control study we evaluated the intra-renal hemodynamic changes with Doppler sonography in diabetic patients in comparison to non-diabetic controls, All the data was expressed as mean + SD. Differences between the two groups was analysed by t test and chi-square test. Categorical data expressed as frequency and percentages. Results And Observations The mean age in the diabetic group was 58.84 years SD + 15.61 years and age - non diabetic group was 56.66 years SD + 14.09 years . there was a negative correlation between age and diabetes mellitus with nephropathy , p > 0.0784 r -.026 A significant the correlation of the Mean resistivity index RI of the right kidney at the hilum was 0.63 the correlation was positive that is the resistance increased in diabetes mellitus as compared to non diabetic and this was significant with a p value 0 .049 significant . All the resistive indices were higher in the diabetic than the non diabetic individuals , the highest being in the midpole and it was statistically significant at all places in both kidneys with a p value <0.05. Conclusion :The renal Doppler indices are good indices to evaluate the renal dysfunction in the early stages. In this study, the blood sugar levels of all cases were at least moderately controlled, yet the renal indices showed gross anomaly even though the creatinine clearance was well above normal limits.
Correlation among Blood Sugar Levels, C-Reactive Protein, Total Lymphocyte Count with SOFA Score on Sepsis COVID-19 Patients Fajari, Nanang Miftah; Hartono, Ivan; Rudiansyah, Mohammad; Agung SNC, Wiwit; Yasmina, Alfi
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Volume 5 No 2, November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.02.06

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 is a caused a pandemic since early January 2020. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score can assess organ dysfunction in the state of Sepsis MODS. Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between Blood Sugar Levels, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), and Total Lymphocyte Count (TLC) with SOFA score in COVID-19 patients with Sepsis. Methods: An observational study using the cross-sectional method was carried out in 2020-2021 at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin with a total sample of 87 participants. Results: Based on the Spearman test, there were a positive correlation between Random Blood Sugar levels and SOFA with the scores r = 0.778 (p = 0.000); significant negative correlation between TLC and SOFA with the score r = -0.409 (p = 0.000); and no significant correlation between CRP and SOFA with the score r = -0.077 (p = 0.507). The multivariate test showed that the correlation value for each Random Blood Sugar with a SOFA score is R=0.664 (p=0.000), and the Total Lymphocyte Count with a SOFA score is R=-0.270 (p=0.001). The statistical analysis model revealed that Blood Sugar Levels and Total Lymphocyte Count could predict SOFA scores of as much as 60.9%. Conclusion: Blood sugar levels can be a marker of poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients with Sepsis. Hyperglycemia can be caused by pancreatic cell damage due to SARS-CoV2 invasion, acute insulin resistance, and inflammation caused by Sepsis and COVID-19. Total Lymphocyte Count is one of the many factors contributing to organ dysfunction caused by Sepsis in COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, Sepsis, SOFA Score, Prognosis
Risk Factors Analysis of Diabetes Prevalence in Wetland Area: A Study from Borneo Wetland Study on Diabetes Fajari, Nanang Miftah; Hariyanto, Felix; Nur'amin, Hendra; Hasrianti, Nuvita
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Volume 5 No 2, November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.02.04

Abstract

Background: National Basic Health Survey held by the Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia shows the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus increased from 6.9% to 8.5% in 2018. Wetland is an area covered by shallow water on the surface, which represents a unique ecosystem. Aim: This study investigated the association between various risk factors and DM prevalence in South Kalimantan Wetlands, Indonesia. Early identification and management of risk factors may prevent progression into diabetes mellitus. Methods: We conducted the Borneo Wetland Study on Diabetes (Best-Diab 1) with a cross-sectional study approach using the latest health survey data conducted by the South Kalimantan Provincial Health Office from the primary health center visit from January 2020 to March 2022. Using Proportionate Random Sampling, we divided samples into two groups; 6.010 in the DM group, and 6.010 non DM group. Results: Gender, age, BMI, blood pressure, and blood glucose level were significantly correlated with diabetes mellitus prevalence (p<0.001). Family history of DM surprisingly has a significant impact on DM prevalence (PR, 3.16; 95% CI, 2.80-3.57, p<0.001). The prevalence of DM in the smoking group was 0.78 times less than in non-smoking individuals (PR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.74-0.82; p<0.001). Excess sugar was the greatest risk factor for diabetes mellitus, with the prevalence of DM 4.72 times greater than normal sugar intake (PR, 4.72; 95% CI, 4.29-5.2; p<0.001). Excess salt intake also seemed to be a significant risk factor among DM patients (PR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.17-1.30, p<0.001. Conclusion: Females, older age, higher BMI, and family history of DM were significant risk factors for diabetes mellitus prevalence in this study. Further studies are needed to determine how those factors impacted diabetes mellitus. Keywords: risk factors, prevalence, diabetes mellitus, wetland, South Kalimantan
Role of Surveillance Colonoscopy With Mortality Event due to Colorectal Cancer and Cancer Stage Findings in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Akbar, Muhamad; Bhaskara, Rezdy; Wibowo, Bogi; Mubarak, Husni; Tama, Yhang; Faridah, Amirah
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Volume 5 No 2, November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.02.03

Abstract

Background: Patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), both due to ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are at higher risks of having colorectal cancer (CRC). Various guidelines have recommended surveillance using a colonoscopy. However, evidence of its usefulness for prognosis remains a subject of discussion. Aim: To determined the difference in mortality rate due to CRC and cancer stage between patients IBD who undergo routine surveillance and whoes do not. Methods: Studies performed searches on database of Science Direct, PUBMED, EBSCO, and Cochrane for research types of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort, or case-controls that evaluate the role of surveillance on patients with IBD regarding to mortalities due to CRC and cancer stage findings. Data were then analyzed using the fixed/random effect model based on heterogeneity to evaluate the odds ratio (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval, calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results: Based on five observational studies that evaluated 3,215 patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease by surveillance, compared with 4,465 control patients, it was found that patients undergoing surveillance have significantly lower mortality due to CRC (15.1%) than the control patients (23.8%) (OR 0.36 (95% CI: 0.24–0.52), p < 0.00001). There are more patients with end-stage colorectal cancer without surveillance (37%) than those with surveillance (20%) (OR 0.28 (95% CI: 0.20–0.41), p < 0.00001). Conclusion: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease who undergo routine colonoscopy surveillance will have a lower mortality rate and be found with earlier-stage cancer than patients who do not undergo routine colonoscopy examination.
Long COVID/Post-COVID-19 Syndrome - A Review Burooj, Ahmed; Al-Ali, Ruqia
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Volume 5 No 2, November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.02.11

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to global healthcare systems, leaving behind a myriad of unanswered questions and long-term consequences. One such consequence is the emergence of a clinical phenomenon known as Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms following an acute COVID-19 infection. The long-term ramifications of this condition remain largely unknown. In this review article, the aim is to explore the most common symptoms associated with Long COVID, shed light on the difficulties in diagnosing the condition, and provide recommendations for its management. By examining existing literature and clinical observations, we seek to enhance our understanding of Long COVID and contribute to the development of effective strategies for its diagnosis and treatment. We searched PUBMED and SCOPUS for relevant research published in the last few years with the keywords ‘Long COVID’, ‘Long Haulers’, ‘Post-COVID-19 syndrome’, ‘Chronic COVID’, ‘Post-acute COVID-19’ and narrowed down to the 37 most relevant studies. The following is a discussion and review of the findings from the aforementioned.
Analysis of the Relationship between ALBI Score and APRI Score on Severity, Length of Treatment and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients at Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang Wibowo, Bogi; Mahendra, Aditya; Ibad, Ahmad; Santoso, Dimas; Eldatarina, Helsa
Clinical and Research Journal in Internal Medicine Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Volume 5 No 2, November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.crjim.2024.005.02.02

Abstract

Background: Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has resulted in more than 3.8 million deaths worldwide. Covid-19 can cause multiorgan complications, including hepatobiliary organs. Many assessments have been used to determine the severity and prognosis of hepatobiliary disorders, such as the Albumin Bilirubin (ALBI) score and the AST-platelet ratio index (APRI) score. Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between the ALBI score and APRI score with severity, length of treatment, and mortality in COVID-19 infection. Methods: We conducted a case-control study in a population of adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized at RSSA in the period January-December 2022. Patients with hepatobiliary and autoimmune disorders were excluded from the sample population for further analysis. Albumin, bilirubin, SGOT, and platelet levels were measured at the beginning of the patient's hospitalization. The correlation between variables was analyzed using the Rank-Spearman test with SPSS 27. Results: The study subjects' characteristics showed that most patients were more than 60 years old (66.67%). Based on the severity of the disease, five patients (16.67%) were mild, ten patients (33.33%) were moderate, and 15 patients (50%) were severe. Of the 30 patients, 16 recovered (53.33%) and 14 died (46.67%). The majority of subjects did not require treatment in the ICU (66.67%). The results of the Rank-Spearman Test showed that the ALBI score [R=0.372; p=0.043 (p<0.05)] and APRI score [R=0.409; p=0.025 (p<0.05)] were significantly correlated with the mortality of Covid-19 patients but not with the severity and length of treatment. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that ALBI score and APRI score have a significant relationship with mortality in COVID-19 patients and have the potential to be further studied as predictive factors in assessing the prognosis of COVID-19 patients.

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