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Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi
Published by Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika
ISSN : 23385006     EISSN : 26544571     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33394
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Education Immunology & microbiology Social Sciences
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi (BJIB), receiving and publishing article in the form of research (scientific article) in the field of biology education and utilization of biological research in learning. Moreover, this journal bridges the gap between research and practice, providing information, ideas and opinion, in addition to critical examinations of biology research and teaching. Through the coverage of policy and curriculum developments, the latest results of research into the teaching, learning and assessment of biology are brought to the fore. Special emphasize are as follow: 1. Research on Learning Biology (Biology Learning Materials at All Education Levels). 2. Pure Research of Biology Developed or Studied to the Sources, Materials, or Instructional Media Biology (Biology Learning Materials at All Education Levels and Application in Society). 3. Curriculum of Biology Education at all Education Levels. 4. Class Action Research (CAR) and Lesson Study in Biology. 5. Other Qualitative Research of Biology Education. 6. The School Management and Biology/Science Laboratory Management. 7. Biology Learning Evaluation. 8. Teacher Professional Issues/Trends in Biology Education. 9. Another Study for the Scope of Biology Education. 10. Research on Environmental Education.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 1,464 Documents
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Biopolimer Preparation of Cellulose Nanowhiskers from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as a Biopolymer Composite Material Yani, Minda; Hutasuhut, Melfa Aisyah; Widiarti, Leni
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20304

Abstract

This study aimed to develop cellulose nanowhiskers from oil palm empty fruit bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as an environmentally friendly reinforcing material for biopolymer composites and to evaluate their characteristics using FTIR, TEM, XRD, and DSC analyses. This development was intended to produce composite materials with improved mechanical properties and thermal stability, thereby offering potential applications in eco-friendly products such as biodegradable packaging, lightweight automotive materials, and biopolymer-based construction materials. The fabrication process involved several sequential stages, including alkaline pretreatment using NaOH, bleaching with NaOCl, cellulose isolation, acid hydrolysis using H₂SO₄, and subsequent mechanical refinement using a ball mill. The yield calculation showed a value of 3.33% based on the initial raw material weight. TEM observations indicated that the cellulose nanowhiskers exhibited a varied particle size distribution, with particles in the range of 50–100 nm tending to be more uniform than larger particles. XRD analysis revealed a crystallinity index of 54.50% and a characteristic cellulose I pattern, indicating that most of the structure was present in crystalline form. DSC analysis further demonstrated that the cellulose nanowhiskers possessed good thermal stability. Based on these findings, cellulose nanowhiskers derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches show considerable potential as environmentally friendly reinforcing agents for biopolymer composites.
Effect of Over-Pruning and NPKMg Fertilization on the Yield Components and Productivity of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Ar-Rosyad, Muhammad Wildan; Khoiri, Amrul; Nelvia
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20313

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N, P, K, and Mg fertilization on improving growth parameters and productivity of oil palm plants subjected to over-pruning. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized split-plot design with two factors: pruning treatment as the main factor and N, P, K, and Mg fertilization as the second factor. The observed parameters included the number of female inflorescences, number of male inflorescences, sex ratio, number of fruit bunches, bunch weight, fresh fruit weight, fresh fruit volume, mesocarp thickness, and fruit lipid content. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the 5% significance level. The results showed that the P1 treatment, representing normal pruning, combined with the N3 fertilization treatment improved several growth and productivity parameters, including the number of female inflorescences (5.02), number of fruit bunches (5.83), sex ratio (60.12%), fruit bunch weight (20.40 kg), fresh fruit weight (12.43 g), mesocarp thickness (3.93 mm), fresh fruit volume (12.59 mL), and fresh fruit lipid content (20.21%). In contrast, over-pruning tended to increase the number of male inflorescences (4.00), indicating a decline in the reproductive performance of the plants. In conclusion, normal pruning and the application of N, P, K, and Mg fertilizers significantly improved the growth and productivity of oil palm plants affected by over-pruning, particularly by increasing the number of female inflorescences, number of fruit bunches, sex ratio, fruit bunch weight, fresh fruit weight, mesocarp thickness, fresh fruit volume, and fresh fruit lipid content.
Students’ Perceptions of Environment-Based Biology Learning in the School Surroundings among Students at SMA Swasta HAS Sepakat Negeri Lama, Labuhanbatu Nasution, Rani Rahmadani; Hasibuan, Rosmidah; Harahap, Risma Delima
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20136

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze students’ perceptions of biology learning based on the school surrounding environment at HAS Sepakat Negeri Lama Private Senior High School, Labuhanbatu. This study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey design. The participants were 60 Grade X students from two classes, selected using total sampling. Data were collected using a closed-ended questionnaire consisting of 15 items covering cognitive, affective, and conative dimensions. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed that students’ perception scores ranged from 3.63 to 4.28, falling within the high to very high categories. These findings indicate that students perceived environment-based biology learning as beneficial, relevant, and engaging. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no significant difference in students’ perceptions between the two classes (p = 0.382), suggesting relatively similar learning experiences across groups. Overall, environment-based biology learning can support contextual and meaningful learning by connecting biological concepts with real environmental phenomena. These findings provide practical implications for biology teachers in designing learning strategies that utilize the surrounding environment as an authentic learning resource and contribute to the development of contextual learning in biology education.
The Effects of Chitosan Organic Fertilizer and Urea Inorganic Fertilizer Application on the Growth of Pakcoy Mustard Plants (Brassica rapa L.) Simanjuntak, Melati Putri Br; Idris, Muhammad
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20333

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inorganic urea fertilizer, organic chitosan fertilizer, and their interaction on the growth and yield of pakcoy mustard (Brassica rapa L.). The experiment used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two factors: urea fertilizer dose, consisting of U0 (0 g plant⁻¹), U1 (0.8 g plant⁻¹), U2 (1.2 g plant⁻¹), and U3 (1.6 g plant⁻¹), and chitosan concentration, consisting of K0 (0%), K1 (20%), K2 (30%), and K3 (40%). Each treatment combination was replicated three times. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that urea fertilizer significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, stem base diameter, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content. The best responses were generally obtained at 1.6 g plant⁻¹ urea, while stem base diameter and chlorophyll content showed optimal responses at 1.2 g plant⁻¹ and 0.8–1.2 g plant⁻¹, respectively. Chitosan application also significantly improved pakcoy growth, with the best overall response observed at 40%. The interaction between urea and chitosan significantly affected plant height, stem base diameter, and fresh weight. The U3K3 treatment produced the highest plant height from 1 to 4 weeks after transplanting, as well as the highest stem base diameter and fresh weight. Meanwhile, the highest number of leaves and chlorophyll content were obtained in U2K2. Overall, the combined application of urea and chitosan enhanced pakcoy growth and yield performance.
The Effect of Providing Lecture Recordings on Self-Regulated Learning in Online Learning Febriani, Vita Indri; Astija
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20370

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effect of providing lecture recordings on students’ self-regulated learning (SRL) in online learning contexts characterized by unstable internet connectivity and limited access to course materials. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was employed involving 52 students from the Biology Education Study Program at Tadulako University, with 26 students assigned to the control group and 26 to the treatment group. SRL data were collected using a questionnaire adapted from the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), comprising five subscales: metacognition, time and study environment management, effort regulation, elaboration, and help-seeking. Students in the treatment group received YouTube links to lecture recordings via WhatsApp within 24 hours after each session, whereas those in the control group attended lectures without access to the recordings. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), with pretest scores as the covariate, showed a significant difference in posttest composite SRL scores between the groups (F(1,49) = 32.806; p < 0.001; η²p = 0.401). Significant effects were also found for metacognition (η²p = 0.394), time management (η²p = 0.173), effort regulation (η²p = 0.153), and elaboration (η²p = 0.100), while help-seeking showed no significant difference. These findings suggest that providing lecture recordings through familiar and easily accessible platforms is an effective low-cost pedagogical strategy for enhancing students’ SRL in online learning environments with infrastructural constraints. Therefore, lecture recordings should be considered by lecturers and study program administrators when designing online instruction that supports students’ autonomous learning.
Optimization of Cryogenic Grinding as a Hair Sample Preparation Technique for Heavy Metal Concentration Analysis I Gusti Ayu Sri Andayani; Indah Retnowati; Baiq Mariana; N Ismillayli; Ardiana Ekawanti; Rahmah Dara Ayunda
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.18503

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of cryogenic grinding as a hair sample preparation technique and to compare heavy metal analysis results obtained using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Hair samples were collected from five residents of Sekotong and analyzed for Cd, Hg, and Pb content. Data were analyzed descriptively and compared using the Friedman test. The results indicated that AAS consistently yielded higher metal concentrations than EDX. Cd concentrations measured by AAS, EDX of powdered hair, and EDX of intact hair were 0.00656 mg/kg, 0.00130 mg/kg, and 0.00010 mg/kg, respectively. For Hg, the corresponding measurements were 0.00380 mg/kg, 0.00212 mg/kg, and 0.00362 mg/kg, whereas Pb exhibited the largest disparity, with 0.12930 mg/kg for AAS, 0.00224 mg/kg for EDX of powdered hair, and 0.06978 mg/kg for EDX of intact hair. The high variability, particularly in Pb measurements, suggests that heterogeneity in metal distribution and surface contamination affect EDX readings of intact hair. Cryogenic grinding yielded a more homogeneous particle distribution, resulting in EDX measurements of powdered hair that were more representative and numerically closer to AAS results than measurements of intact hair. Although differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), these findings support the use of cryogenic grinding to enhance the accuracy of hair-based heavy metal analysis. Furthermore, this method has the potential to reduce the use of destructive chemicals and hazardous waste, making it a safer and more sustainable alternative for community biomonitoring in areas affected by heavy metal contamination.
Effectiveness of Various Natural β-Carotene Sources in Feed on the Color Brightness of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Tubagus Luthfianda; Bambang Hendra Siswoyo; Dwi Tika Afriani
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20079

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effect of incorporating several natural sources of β-carotene into feed on improving the color brightness of goldfish. An experimental method was employed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications: P1 as the control, P2 with carrot powder, P3 with papaya powder, and P4 with tomato powder, each added to the feed at the same dosage. Color brightness was measured using a color-chart-based scale analysis, and the resulting data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. The results showed no significant differences among treatments during the initial observation period (F = 1.916; p = 0.129). However, significant differences were observed in the subsequent assessment (F = 461.230; p < 0.001; η² = 0.894). The highest color brightness was recorded in P2, which received carrot powder, followed by P3 with papaya powder, P4 with tomato powder, and P1 as the control. These findings indicate that natural sources of β-carotene have a strong effect on enhancing the color brightness of goldfish. They also provide practical implications for developing natural feeds based on locally available ingredients for ornamental fish culture.
Physicochemical Characteristics of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Peel Kombucha as Influenced by Fermentation Duration Difa Najwa Rashifah; Ambarwati Ambarwati
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20334

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus) kombucha, including antioxidant activity, vitamin C content, pH, and alcohol content, based on variations in fermentation duration. The findings were used to identify the most effective fermentation period for producing a beverage rich in natural antioxidants while adding value to agro-industrial waste utilization. This quantitative experimental study employed a single-factor completely randomized design (CRD) with two replications. The fermentation periods were 8, 10, and 12 days. Physicochemical analyses included antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, vitamin C content using iodometric titration, alcohol content using an alcohol meter, and pH measurement using a pH meter. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Duncan’s test to compare the effectiveness of fermentation treatments. The results showed that 10 days of fermentation produced the highest physicochemical characteristics, with antioxidant activity of 49.26 ± 0.11c, vitamin C content of 75.49 ± 1.50b, pH of 4.14 ± 0.35a, and alcohol content of 0.6 ± 0.00c. However, the alcohol content on day 10 exceeded the safe limit for beverage products; therefore, this treatment is not recommended for consumption. In contrast, the 8- and 12-day fermentation treatments produced physicochemical characteristics with alcohol levels within the safe limit. On day 12, the antioxidant activity was 45.66 ± 0.11b, vitamin C content was 64.42 ± 1.49b, pH was 3.99 ± 0.31a, and alcohol content was 0.4 ± 0.00a. On day 8, the antioxidant activity was 43.54 ± 0.11a, vitamin C content was 67.48 ± 3.07a, pH was 4.59 ± 0.02a, and alcohol content was 0.5 ± 0.00b. Overall, although the 10-day fermentation treatment yielded superior physicochemical properties, the 8- and 12-day treatments are more recommended because their alcohol contents remained within the safe limit.
Optimizing Growth and Survival of Oreochromis niloticus Using Varying Levels of Kepok Banana (Musa balbisiana) Peel Powder in Feed Helentina Mariance Manullang; Uswatul Hasan
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20338

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different dietary inclusion levels of kepok banana (Musa paradisiaca) peel powder on the growth performance, survival, and feed efficiency of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of four treatments: A = 0%, B = 10%, C = 15%, and D = 20% banana peel powder, with four replicates per treatment. A total of 160 fingerlings measuring 3–5 cm were reared in 16 aerated buckets for 30 days. The observed parameters included survival rate, absolute weight gain, absolute length gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and water quality. The FCR was calculated for each bucket using the formula: FCR = total feed consumed / total weight gain. The results showed that Treatment B, with 10% banana peel powder inclusion, produced the highest survival rate (85 ± 5.77%), absolute weight gain (2.92 ± 0.13 g), and absolute length gain (2.40 ± 0.08 cm), as well as the lowest FCR (1.63 ± 0.29). This treatment significantly outperformed the other treatments based on ANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). Water quality remained within optimal ranges throughout the study, with temperature ranging from 28.12 to 28.19°C, pH from 7.19 to 7.36, and dissolved oxygen from 6.13 to 6.28 ml/L. These findings indicate that 10% dietary inclusion of banana peel powder can optimize growth performance and feed efficiency without compromising survival, thereby providing a locally available alternative feed ingredient for tilapia fry.
Phenotypic and Genomic Detection of Salmonella spp. in Broiler Chicken Meat Across Distribution Chains in Surabaya, Indonesia Caterina Hidayati; Isnawati; Wahyu Setyarini; Radita Yuniar Arizandy
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.20420

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate Salmonella spp. contamination in broiler chicken meat obtained from traditional markets, modern markets, and poultry slaughterhouses in Surabaya, East Java, using phenotypic and genomic approaches. A total of 15 broiler chicken meat samples were analyzed. Phenotypic identification was performed through colony morphology observation, Gram staining, and biochemical testing, while genomic confirmation was conducted using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the invA gene. The results showed that two samples (13.33%) obtained from traditional markets were positive for Salmonella spp., whereas all samples collected from modern markets and poultry slaughterhouses tested negative. These findings indicate variation in contamination levels among different distribution sources, with a higher risk of Salmonella spp. contamination in broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets. Therefore, strengthened surveillance and improved hygiene and sanitation practices are essential to ensure food safety and protect public health. This study provides comparative evidence of Salmonella spp. contamination across different broiler chicken distribution channels through the integration of phenotypic identification and molecular confirmation.

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