Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Aims Mechanical engineering is a branch of engineering science that combines the principles of physics and engineering mathematics with materials science to design, analyze, manufacture, and maintain mechanical systems (mechanics, energy, materials, manufacturing) in solving complex engineering problems. Therefore, this journal accommodates all research documentation and reports on technology applications in society and industry from various technology readiness levels (TRL): basic, applied, and report of technology application. Basic - theoretical concepts of natural science, application of engineering mathematics, special and unique materials science, theoretical principles of engineering design, production, energy conversion, or industrial mechatronics/automation that support mechanical engineering analysis with a sustainable engineering perspective. Applied - thermal-mechanical design (energy, applied mechanics, material selection, material strength analysis) to support sustainable design and engineering capabilities. Report of technology application - the impact of technology on economic and social, ecological principles, sustainability principles (sustainability), communication techniques, and factual knowledge that contribute to solving complex and sustainable engineering problems. Scope Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics This scope includes boundary layer control, computational fluid dynamics for engineering design and analysis; turbo engines; aerodynamics in vehicles, trains, planes, ships, and micro flying objects; flow and induction systems; numerical analysis of heat exchangers; design of thermal systems; Wind tunnel experiments; Flow visualization; and all the unique topics related to aerodynamics, mechanics and fluid dynamics, and thermal systems. Combustion and Energy Systems This scope includes the combustion of alternative fuels; low-temperature combustion; combustion of solid particles for hydrogen production; combustion efficiency; thermal energy storage system; porous media; optimization of heat transfer devices; shock wave fundamental propagation mechanism; detonation and explosion; hypersonic aerodynamic computational modeling; high-speed propulsion; thermo-acoustic; low-noise combustion; and all the unique topics related to combustion and energy systems. Design and Manufacturing This scope includes computational synthesis; optimal design methodology; biomimetic design; high-speed product processing; laser-assisted machining; metal plating, micro-machining; studies on the effects of wear and tear; fretting; abrasion; thermoelastic. This scope also includes productivity and cycle time improvements for manufacturing activities; production planning; concurrent engineering; design with remote partners, change management; and involvement of the Industry 4.0 main area in planning, production, and maintenance activities. Dynamics and Control The dynamics and control group includes aerospace systems; autonomous vehicles; biomechanics dynamics; plate and shell dynamics; style control; mechatronics; multibody system; nonlinear dynamics; robotics; space system; mechanical vibration; and all the unique topics related to engine dynamics and control. Materials and Structures The scope of this field includes composite fabrication processes; high-performance composites for automotive, construction, sports equipment, and hospital equipment; natural materials; special materials for energy sensing and harvesting; nanocomposites and micromechanics; the process of modeling and developing nanocomposite polymers; metal alloys; energy efficiency in welding and joining materials; vibration-resistant structure; lightweight-strong design; and all the unique topics related to materials and construction. Vibrations, Acoustics, and Fluid-Structure Interaction This group includes nonlinear vibrations; nonlinear dynamics of lean structures; fluid-structure interactions; nonlinear rotor dynamics; bladed disc; flow-induced vibration; thermoacoustic; biomechanics applications; and all the unique topics related to vibrations, acoustics, and fluid-structure interaction.
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<![CDATA[Effect of forging pressure and rotational speed on the quality of rotary friction welding of Al 6063 and copper joints ]]>
<![CDATA[Zulaida, Yeni Muriani]]>;
<![CDATA[Anis, Muhammad]]>;
<![CDATA[Al Huda, Mahfudz]]>;
<![CDATA[Kirman, Kirman]]>;
<![CDATA[Suhartono, Hermawan Agus]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14491
<![CDATA[This study investigates the effect of forging/upset pressure and high rotational speed on the quality of dissimilar metal joints between aluminum 6063 (Al6063) and copper (Cu). The method uses solid-state rotary friction welding (RFW) method. Joining dissimilar metals poses challenges due to significant differences in thermal conductivity, melting point, and mechanical properties. At high rotational speeds, the increased heating rate and higher frictional pressure result in greater deformation of the aluminum component. A novel aspect of this research lies in its systematic evaluation of the combined effects of forging pressure and rotational speed in an area that has received limited attention in prior RFW studies. Despite not achieving full joint efficiency, the results demonstrate that increasing forging pressure significantly enhanced joint strength up to an optimum level. Consequently, higher rotational speeds led to larger and more irregular flash due to rapid heat generation. However, a well-balanced combination between pressure and speed produced stronger joints with less flash. Excessive pressure was found to widen flash formation, while the heat generation from high rotational speeds diminished after material deformation. The RFW process in this study reached temperatures approaching 300°C; a very few intermetallic phases were detected at the Al/Cu interface. These findings contribute valuable insights into improving the weldability and mechanical performance of dissimilar Al-Cu through parameter optimization in RFW parameters.]]>
<![CDATA[Energy, exergy, and economic (3E) of a single slope solar still by integrating hollow circular fins and soybean wax as a thermal energy storage system ]]>
<![CDATA[Santosa, Irfan]]>;
<![CDATA[Septiyanto, Muhamad Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Andriyanto, Solikin]]>;
<![CDATA[Budiana, Eko Prasetya]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadi, Syamsul]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15162
<![CDATA[Energy, exergy, and economic value are examined for the efficiency and sustainability of a unique design for a single-slope solar still that utilizes hollow cylindrical fins and soybean wax as a phase change material (PCM). The three cases outlined, among others: case 1, a conventional single slope solar still (CS4); case 2, with hollow cylindrical fins (HCFS4), and case 3 with hollow cylindrical fins and soybean wax as PCM (HCFSWS4). Performance experimental evaluations of the three cases under the same meteorological conditions ensure a fair comparison of their performances and are carried out for 5 days of testing. The experimental results show that the distillate water yield over five days is 0.986 L/m2/day, 1.243 L/m2/day, and 1.364 L/m2/day for cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Also, the maximum energy efficiencies of cases 1, 2, and 3 are 48.9%, 66.1%, and 77.6%, respectively. It is observed that the average exergy efficiency in cases 1,2, and 3 is 33%, 40%, and 42%, respectively. Furthermore, economic analysis findings revealed that the costs per liter per square meter for cases 1, 2, and 3 are 0.06$/L/m2, 0.05$/L/m2, and 0.05$/L/m2, respectively.]]>
<![CDATA[The role of aromatic rings, heterocyclic rings, and hydroxyl groups in increasing hydrogen production using activated carbon-based photocatalysts ]]>
<![CDATA[Septi, Fitria Indra]]>;
<![CDATA[Nugroho, Willy Satrio]]>;
<![CDATA[Purnami, Purnami]]>;
<![CDATA[Santjojo, Dionysius Joseph Djoko Herry]]>;
<![CDATA[Wardana, I Nyoman Gede]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15190
<![CDATA[Hydrogen production using photocatalysis with activated carbon (AC) combined with curcumin and CTP has been investigated. Curcumin contains two aromatic rings and two ”“OH groups, while CTP contains two aromatic rings, one pyran heterocyclic ring, and six ”“OH groups at specific positions. However, the combined performance of these materials with AC has not been fully optimized, highlighting the need for further research to understand their chemical interactions in photocatalytic processes and their potential for renewable energy applications. This study aimed to determine the role of pyran heterocyclic rings and ”“OH groups in hydrogen production. The results showed that hydrogen production using pure AC was 115.75 μmol/g, while AC + curcumin and AC + CTP produced 1297.8 μmol/g and 1462.6 μmol/g, respectively. The higher hydrogen production in AC + CTP compared to AC + curcumin is attributed to the presence of pyran heterocyclic rings, which enhance photocatalyst stability and efficiency by reducing electron”“hole recombination and expanding the light absorption spectrum, thereby increasing hydrogen evolution. Although the stacking interactions and active sites in the form of ”“OH, C”“H, and C”“O groups in AC + CTP are fewer than in AC + curcumin, the presence of oxygen atoms in the pyran heterocyclic ring contributes to greater hydrogen production. This study contributes to the selection of effective photocatalyst materials based on compound composition to support clean and sustainable hydrogen energy as an alternative to fossil fuels.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of tool rotation direction, pin overlap, and pin shape on material flow in one-step double-acting friction stir welding of stainless steel: A Modeling study ]]>
<![CDATA[Budiana, Eko Prasetya]]>;
<![CDATA[Firmanda, Rian]]>;
<![CDATA[Mahmoud, Essam R. I.]]>;
<![CDATA[Triyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13695
<![CDATA[Stainless steel is widely used in various industrial applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical strength. However, conventional fusion welding of stainless steel often leads to several problems such as hot cracking, sensitization caused by chromium carbide precipitation, and large thermal distortion. Friction Stir Welding (FSW), a solid-state joining technique, has been developed to overcome these limitations by producing high-quality joints without melting the base material. Nevertheless, welding thick plates using conventional FSW frequently results in incomplete penetration. To address this limitation, a One-Step Double-Acting Friction Stir Welding (DA-FSW) technique is proposed, in which two tools operate simultaneously from the top and bottom surfaces of the workpiece. In this study, material flow behavior and heat distribution during DA-FSW of stainless steel are investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The model considers variations in pin geometry (cylindrical, conical, triflate, and tapered triflate), tool rotation direction, and pin overlap. Stainless steel is modeled as a non-Newtonian fluid to represent its plasticized behavior under frictional heating. The simulation results show that complex pin geometries such as tapered triflate produce up to 15–20% higher material flow velocity and generate a more uniform temperature distribution (approximately 5–10% variation across the stir zone) compared with simple cylindrical pins. Furthermore, opposite tool rotation directions improve material mixing and reduce temperature gradients, while an optimal pin overlap increases heat generation by approximately 12%, leading to more stable material flow. These results demonstrate that the combination of complex pin geometry, opposing rotation direction, and appropriate pin overlap significantly improves thermal distribution and material flow stability, which are essential for achieving defect-free welds in thick stainless steel plates.]]>
<![CDATA[SCADA-driven variable similarity-based model for fault detection and predictive maintenance in photovoltaic systems ]]>
<![CDATA[Widodo, Achmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Prahasto, Toni]]>;
<![CDATA[Syamsuddin, Agussalim]]>;
<![CDATA[Adhi, Andrew Cahyo]]>;
<![CDATA[Kusumawardhani, Amie]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14236
<![CDATA[Global efforts to mitigate the rise in average global temperatures have increasingly emphasized the adoption of renewable energy sources. Among these initiatives, the deployment of solar power plants has emerged as a promising solution, utilizing photovoltaic (PV) systems to convert solar energy—an abundant, cost-free, and year-round resource—into electricity. Solar power plants present a viable alternative to fossil fuels traditionally used in thermal power generation. The reliability of PV systems, which directly influences their performance, functionality, safety, and economic viability, is a critical factor in realizing this potential. This article presents the development of a predictive maintenance framework for PV systems, incorporating anomaly detection and fault diagnosis based on supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. The methodology employs a variable similarity-based model (VBM) to identify anomalies and diagnose faults, while generating predictive alerts to inform operators of potential issues, thereby enabling proactive maintenance scheduling. The proposed framework is validated using real SCADA data collected from an operational solar power plant. The results demonstrate that the method effectively detects anomalies with reasonable accuracy, underscoring its practicality for application in solar power plant operations.]]>
<![CDATA[Perspective and modeling requirement on household solid waste management ]]>
<![CDATA[Cahyo, Winda Nur]]>;
<![CDATA[Munang, Aswan]]>;
<![CDATA[Purnomo, Hari]]>;
<![CDATA[Widodo, Imam Djati]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14267
<![CDATA[Rapid economic and population growth, urbanization, and resource overexploitation have intensified household solid waste generation, creating serious environmental challenges, particularly in developing countries. Despite various efforts, waste management systems remain inadequate, hindered by poor infrastructure, limited recycling practices, and insufficient disposal facilities. However, existing models often overlook the behavioral dimension of waste generation. This study aims to identify and assess critical factors influencing the development of effective household waste management by integrating food practices into the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), thereby addressing a significant theoretical gap. A systematic literature review of 78 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024 was conducted to extract key influencing factors and conceptual models. The created model concept will be evaluated using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on expert judgment to determine the relative importance of each variable. Five experts were selected using purposive sampling from four stakeholder entities: academia, government, industry, and community. The analysis revealed 11 interrelated factors, with pro-environmental behavior (23.8%), government policy (18.7%), and public attitude (14.8%) emerging as the most influential. The findings highlight that behavioral change, supported by robust policy frameworks, is essential for enhancing household-level waste management. This study offers a comprehensive decision-support model that integrates behavioral, institutional, and technological interventions, providing actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners in promoting sustainable consumption and waste reduction practices.]]>
<![CDATA[Innovative integration of solar energy and pyrolysis technology in fish smoking for improved liquid smoke yield and quality ]]>
<![CDATA[Rachmanita, Risse Entikaria]]>;
<![CDATA[Hasbiyati, Haning]]>;
<![CDATA[Firgiyanto, Refa]]>;
<![CDATA[Wijaya, Mohamad Anggis Safii]]>;
<![CDATA[Isrolana]]>;
<![CDATA[Lestari, Ellya Dwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Rudiyanto, Bayu]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14931
<![CDATA[Traditional fish smoking still causes environmental pollution and health issues due to uncontrolled smoke emissions. Field data indicate that 54.0% of workers in fish smoking centers are exposed to heavy smoke, and 66.7% experience severe respiratory symptoms, underscoring the need for cleaner technologies. This study developed an integrated solar-powered fish smoking system combining pyrolysis and a naturally cooled spiral condenser to convert combustion smoke into liquid smoke as a natural preservative. The prototype was designed and tested using corn cob biomass as the pyrolysis feedstock. Evaluated parameters included solar panel efficiency, smoking chamber performance, and liquid smoke quality. Characterization covered specific gravity, pH, acetic acid, phenol content, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd). Results showed that pure corn cob liquid smoke had a specific gravity of 0.99965 g/cm³, pH 3.55, acetic acid 1.747%, and phenol 7.8859%, while smoke applied to fish yielded 1.008572 g/cm³, 3.70, 3.950%, and 12.4242%, respectively. Both Pb and Cd were not detected (< LOD), confirming safety from contamination. Although acetic acid and phenol contents correspond to SNI 8985:2021 grade 2, further purification is needed to meet food-grade standards. The system effectively produces functional, antimicrobial liquid smoke while reducing emissions, supporting sustainable fish smoking and the circular economy.]]>
<![CDATA[Identifying and evaluating sustainability risks in circular business models: Empirical insights from the heavy equipment manufacturing industry ]]>
<![CDATA[Syahrullah, Yudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ciptomulyono, Udisubakti]]>;
<![CDATA[Dewi, Ratna Sari]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15120
<![CDATA[Circular business models (CBMs) are increasingly being adopted in heavy equipment manufacturing to extend the value of end-of-life (EoL) components through recovery practices. However, existing sustainability risk assessments largely rely on generic literature-based risk lists without verifying their contextual relevance to specific industries. This study addresses this gap by systematically exploring and validating sustainability risks that are specifically relevant to circular manufacturing in the heavy equipment sector. An initial set of 32 sustainability risks was identified through literature review and cross-industry exploration. These sustainability risks were then evaluated using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to manage uncertainty and establish expert consensus on their relevance to circular business models in the heavy equipment manufacturing sector. Based on the consensus criteria (d < 0.2; agreement ≥ 75%), 14 risks were validated as contextually relevant. The findings reveal that the most critical risks are concentrated in key circular activities, particularly those related to occupational health and safety hazards in EoL component recovery, and inaccurate or insufficient evaluation of the quality of components or products to be recovered. The main contribution of this study lies in moving beyond generic sustainability risk identification toward context-specific validation of sustainability risks in circular manufacturing. By filtering and confirming sustainability risks that truly reflect industrial realities, the results provide a robust foundation for targeted sustainability risk assessment and mitigation. Practically, the validated sustainability risk set provides decision-makers and engineers with a more precise basis for prioritizing sustainability risks and enhancing the resilience of circular manufacturing systems.]]>
<![CDATA[Stochastic analysis of time series temperature in battery cooling with ejector bubble generator ]]>
<![CDATA[Catrawedarma, IGNB]]>;
<![CDATA[Ton, Sefri]]>;
<![CDATA[Fiveriati, Anggra]]>;
<![CDATA[Astyanto, Achilleus Hermawan]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15257
<![CDATA[This study identifies flow patterns in the cooling channels and analyzes temperature during LiFePO4 battery cooling using an ejector bubble generator. The cooling fluids included quiet air, circulating air, and bubbles, with airflow rates ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 lpm. The temperature patterns were analyzed using probability density functions (PDFs), and Sample entropy—PDFs were quantified using mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis. The results showed the formation of a slug film, an elongated slug film, and clustered bubbles on the bottom wall of the battery pack. There was a 3.75% and 5.98% decrease in the maximum temperature and thermal resistance, respectively, at an airflow rate of Qa = 1.5 lpm. The farther the thermocouple is from the bubble-generator nozzle and the greater the supplied airflow, the lower the PDF's kurtosis. The greater the airflow, the lower the entropy.]]>
<![CDATA[Corrosion behavior of ST37 low carbon steel welded joints in acidic and basic environments: implications for structural durability ]]>
<![CDATA[Wisnujati, Andika]]>;
<![CDATA[Mudjijana]]>;
<![CDATA[Ma’arif, Syamsul]]>;
<![CDATA[Satriardi]]>;
<![CDATA[Bagban, Hojjat]]>
<![CDATA[ Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Issue in Progress ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang ]]>
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DOI: 10.31603/mesi.15295
<![CDATA[This study investigates the corrosion behavior and mechanical degradation of welded ST37 low-carbon steel exposed to basic (NaOH) and chloride-containing (NH₄Cl) environments. The objective is to evaluate the influence of solution chemistry and immersion time on corrosion rate, surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile properties of welded steel structures. Welded ST37 specimens were immersed in 1 M NaOH and 1 M NH₄Cl solutions for 100, 200, and 300 hours under controlled laboratory conditions. Corrosion rates were determined using the weight loss method, while surface morphology and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Mechanical degradation was evaluated through tensile testing following ASTM E8 standards. The results show that NaOH exposure promotes the formation of a stable oxide layer that reduces corrosion rates from 0.024 to 0.019 mm/year and partially restores tensile strength after prolonged immersion. In contrast, NH₄Cl exposure causes more aggressive corrosion characterized by pitting, porous corrosion products, and localized surface degradation due to chloride-induced passive film breakdown. SEM observations confirm thicker corrosion layers and localized attack in the weld metal region, while EDS analysis reveals increased oxygen and chloride content associated with the respective corrosion mechanisms.]]>
