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Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR)
Published by Universitas Muslim Indonesia
ISSN : 27224929     EISSN : 27224945     DOI : https://doi.org/10.52103/jahr
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) P-ISSN: 2722-4929, E-ISSN: 2722-4945 is an electronic and papers, open-access, and peer-reviewed journal. JAHR is dedicated to publishing results of research and literature review from different areas of public health, which includes the study of Administration & Policy Health, Health Promotion and Behavior, Biostatistics, Public Health Epidemiology, Environmental Health, Public Health Nutrition, and Health & Safety work and others related determinants of illness. A valid and accepted scientific methodology must be applied. Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) is published by the Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia. The publication is issued twice a year (June and December). JAHR encourages the submission of studies from developing countries, as research publication from developing countries is underrepresented in international journals. We welcome all of the students, experts, practitioners, and academicians who are interested in JAHR to submit their articles. The authors can submit articles by following the scheduled publication of JAHR. Articles are written in English or Bahasa Indonesia. Start from the next publication Vol.2, No. 2 (July-December 2021) JAHR only accepted manuscripts written in ENGLISH.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 249 Documents
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Analysis of the Effect of Psychosocial Factors on the Performance of Inpatient Nurses at Lasinrang Regional General Hospital, Pinrang Regency, Indonesia Syamsurya Syafiuddin; Suharni Suharni; Fatmah Afrianty Gobel
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): JULY-DECEMBER
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v3i2.1451

Abstract

Background:In the last decade, occupational psychosocial factors have become a major concern in occupational health. Changes that have occurred in the labor market, increased globalization, competition, flexibility, service sector development and new forms of work organization. The increasing prevalence of occupational psychosocial factors exposure to the working population. Method:This research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional study approach. The research sample was 147 nurses who were determined by the total sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed by logistic regression test at a confidence level of 95% (x = 0.05). Results:The results of this study obtained that there is a significant effect between workload on performance (p value = 0.815) work stress on performance, (p value 0.094) interpersonal relationship on performance, (p value 0.058), responsibility for performance (p 0.001) . The multivariate result that has the most influence on performance is responsibility, because it has the largest p value, which is 0.001. Conclusion:Responsibility is a variable that greatly affects performance. The author suggests to the hospital to pay attention to the psychosocial factors of nurses at work.
The Effect of Supplementary Feeding on Blood Pressure and Uric Acid in the Elderly in the Working Area of the Teppo Health Center, Pinrang Regency Suriani Suriani; Andi Nurlinda; Sitti Patimah
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): JULY-DECEMBER
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v3i2.1452

Abstract

Background:Hypertension is estimated to be the cause of death for around 7.1 million people worldwide. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in blood pressure in the elderly before and after supplementary feeding (SF), to analyze differences in uric acid levels in the elderly before and after giving SF, to analyze the effect of SF on blood pressure in the elderly, to analyze the effect of giving SF to uric acid levels in the elderly. Method:This study uses a Quasi-Experimental method with a Two Group Pretest – Posttest design. The sample consisted of 30 experimental groups and 30 control groups. The results showed that in the intervention group the average pre-test systolic blood pressure was 165.33, SD 14.077, and post-test 141.67 SD 11.472. Meanwhile, in the control group, the average systolic blood pressure before SF was 158.33, SD was 7,466, while in the posttest, it was 158.33, SD was 9,499. Results:In the examination of women's uric acid levels, the pretest showed that the intervention group had an average uric acid level of the elderly before SF which was 6.936, and SD was 0.411. The significance value is 0.000 0.05 meaning that there is an effect, while the post-test is 6359, SD is 0.418. While in the control group the average uric acid level of the elderly before supplementary feeding was 6688, SD 0.298, while in the post-test it was 6759, SD 0.355. The significance value is 0.035 0.05, which means that there is no effect. In men, the pretest of the intervention group showed the average uric acid level of the elderly before SF was 7.225, SD was 0.433, while in the posttest it was 6550, SD was 0.578. Meanwhile, in the control group, the average uric acid level before supplementary feeding was 7.215, SD 0.443. Conclusions:There are differences in blood pressure and uric acid in the elderly before and after SF and there is a significant effect of giving SF on blood pressure and uric acid in the elderly.
Death of Neonates Aged 0-28 days in Pangkep Regency Novitha Sri Anas; Reza Aril Ahri; Haeruddin Haeruddin; Samsualam Samsualam; Fatmah Afrianty Gobel; Rezky Aulia Yusuf; Nurmiati Muchlis
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): JANUARY-JUNE
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v4i1.1509

Abstract

Background: Nation. Neonatal mortality is an indicator to assess the degree of public health. This study was conducted toanalyze the risk factors for neonatal death aged 0-28 days in Pangkep Regency in 2022. Method: This Study is an observational study with a case control research design. The population in this study was mothers who had babies died 0-28 days and all mothers who had babies lived aged 0-28 days in Pangkep Regency. The sample number of case groups was 40 respondents and the sample number of control groups was 40 respondents with a total of 80 samples. The sampling technique in this study is a non-probability sampling method, namely Purposive Sampling. Results: This study showed that significance values (1) mothers aged < 20 and > 35 years were 5.74 times more likely to experience neonatal death than mothers aged 20-35 years (CI95% = 5.74). (2) mothers with 1-time parity and 5 deliveries were 5.16 times more likely to have neonatal death than mothers with 2-4 deliveries (CI95%= 5.16) (3) mothers with a birth distance of < 1 year were 7.85 times more likely to have neonatal death than mothers with a birth distance of > 2 years (CI95%= 7.85) (4) access to health care was not at risk of neonatal death (CI95%= 0.81) (5) mothers with knowledge who were approximately 5.57 times more likely to experience neonatal death than mothers with good knowledge (CI95%= 5.57) (6) mothers with less than 4 times more than 5.57 times more risk of neonatal death than mothers with antenatal care examination> 4 times (CI95%= 52.76) (7) Antenatal care examination is the most risk factor for neonatal death with an Odd Ratio (EXP(B)) value of 12.767. Suggestion: It is hoped that health workers together with the community will further improve pregnancy screening to prevent high mortality of neonates.
The Effectiveness of Palu Mayor Regulation Number 19 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Discipline and Law Enforcement of Health Protocols as an Effort to Prevent and Control Covid 19 in Palu City Andi Muhammad Rifqi Ismulail; Fatmah Afrianty Gobel; Arman Arman; Andi Muhammad Multazam; Muhammad Kidri Alwi; Reza Aril Ahri
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): JANUARY-JUNE
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v4i1.1510

Abstract

Background: The Increasing Cases of the Covid 19 Pandemic to Indonesia, As a form of emergency response, the Palu City Government of Central Sulawesi Province stipulated Palu Mayor Regulation number 19 of 2020 concerning the implementation of discipline and law enforcement of health protocols as an effort to prevent and control corona virus disease 2019. The purpose of this study is to Analyze in Depth the Effectiveness of Palu Mayor Regulation Number 19 of 2020 concerning the Implementation of Discipline and Law Enforcement of Health Protocols as an Effort to Prevent and Control Covid 19 in Palu City based on input, process and output factors. Method: This study used qualitative design, informants came from the Health office, and the people of Palu City. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews and document review. The informants in this study were the Head of the Legal Section and the Head of the Health Promotion Section of the Health Office and the community of Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province. Results: BBased on input factors, including socialization and participation, funding, the target of law enforcement of health protocols has run well, then process factors such as the implementation of health protocols and sanctions, monitoring and evaluation, coaching and supervision then output factors such as implementing and complying with health protocols are still not running optimally. Conclusion: Inputs, processes and outputs do not run in accordance with Palu Mayor Regulation Number 19 of 2020 because they are less firm and binding and coercive in the field and there are still communities, both individuals and business actors, who violate rules related to the implementation of discipline and law enforcement of health protocols. The suggestion is to be more assertive and remain consistent in providing education and awareness to the public in implementing health protocols, especially in the city of Palu.
Evaluasi Penyelenggaraan Kota Sehat Di Pemerintahan Daerah Kota Palopo Tahun 2022: Evaluation of the Implementation of Healthy Cities in the Regional Government of Palopo City in 2022 Ceria Amaliya; Arni Rizqiani Rusyidi; Haeruddin Haeruddin; Suharni Suharni; Arman Arman; Reza Aril Ahri
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): JANUARY-JUNE
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v4i1.1519

Abstract

Background: Healthy City depicts a clean, comfortable, safe, and healthy city condition for residents to live in. The establishment is achieved through the implementation of several arrangements with integrated activities agreed by the community and local government (Firman et al., n.d.). The purpose of the study was to determine the evaluation of the implementation of a Healthy City in Palopo Regional Government in 2022. Methods: This study performed mixed research that researchers applied a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches to be carried out together in this study so that the results obtained more comprehensive, valid, reliable, and objective data. In quantitative research, this study took place at Healthy City Forum based on the achievement such as indicators and arrangements for Healthy Cities. While, in a qualitative approach, it involved informants, including the Chair of the Healthy City Development Team in Palopo and the Head of SKPD at each research locus. Results. The results of the study based on the results of the achievement review of a healthy city arrangement in Palopo City consisted of the Settlement of Facilities and Infrastructure of 94.02% (Healthy), Order of Traffic Order Areas of 98% (Healthy), Industrial and Healthy Office Arrangements of 94.11% (Healthy). ), Healthy Tourism Order of 90.62% (Healthy), Food Security and Nutrition Order of 89.58% (Healthy), Healthy Independent Community Life Order of 96.05% (Healthy), and Healthy Social Life Order of 91 ,66% (Healthy). Conclusions and recommendations. The evaluation of the implementation of a Healthy City in Palopo government operates in accordance with the procedures that have been set and Healthy City Forum prepares for a Healthy City upcoming assessment in 2023. It is recommended that the government should act more actively in coordination, socialization, monitoring, and guidance in this healthy city program properly to create a clean, safe, comfortable, and healthy city that can improve facilities and productivity as well as the community economy in Palopo. Therefore, strong cooperation is required among the community, government, and the private sector in accordance with their respective roles and objectives in each healthy city program.
Strategi Percepatan Penurunan Stunting di Kabupaten Sigi : Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction in Sigi Regency Rika Fitrauni; Nurmiati Muchlis; Arman Arman; Haeruddin Haeruddin; Andi Surahman Batara; Reza Aril Ahri
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): JANUARY-JUNE
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v4i1.1520

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kejadian stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi yang dialami oleh balita di dunia. Saat ini Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan prevalensi stunting yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara-negara berpendapatan menengah lainnya. Berdasarkan data stunting JME, UNICEF World Bank tahun 2020, prevalensi stunting Indonesia berada pada posisi ke 115 dari 151 negara didunia. Angka stunting Indonesia menurun dari 29% pada 2015 menjadi 27.6% pada tahun 2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi percepatan penurunan stunting di kabupaten sigi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan informan menggunakan purposive sampling. Informan penelitian sebanyak 13 orang. Hasil: Analisa situasi menggunakan data sebaran stunting sesuai dengan cakupan untuk menentukan lokasi prioritas, selanjutnya ditetapkan 25 Desa sebagai lokasi khusus dalam pelaksanaan aksi konvergensi, menyusun rencana kegiatan berdasarkan matriks hasil Analisa Situasi pada Aksi 1, Rembug stunting menghasilkan komitmen dalam Aksi Percepatan Penurunan Stunting dengan melibatkan seluruh lintas sektor. tersedianya regulasi berupa Peraturan Bupati Sigi Nomor 14 Tahun 2020. Membentuk Kader Pembangunan Manusia. Memiliki data yang menjadi prioritas penanganan stunting. Pengukuran pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan secara rutin. review kinerja melaporkan aspek-aspek berupa Reviu capaian target output, Reviu serapan anggaran dan Reviu permasalah dan kendala. Kesimpulan: Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Sigi telah melakukan upaya percepatan penurunan stunting dengan melaksanakan pilar strategi penurunan stunting melalui penerapan 8 aksi konvergensi memperlihatkan terjadinya penurunan persentase kasus stunting dalam kurun waktu 1 tahun terakhir dimana tahun 2020 sebesar 16,59% turun menjadi 14,40% ditahun 2021.
Strategi Dinas Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Beerencana Untuk Meningkatkan Partisipasi Masyarakat Mengikuti Program Keluarga Berencana di Kota Makassar: Strategy of the Office of Population Control and Family Planning to Increase Community Participation in the Family Planning Program in Makassar City Susilawati Susilawati; Andi Muhammad Multazam; Haeruddin Haeruddin; Reza Aril Ahri; Een Kurnaesih; Fatmah Afrianty Gobel
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): JANUARY-JUNE
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v4i1.1521

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis strategi Dinas Pengendalian Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana terhadap penguatan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam program KB Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif karena penelitian yang dilakukan bersifat deskriptif murni, yaitu penulis ingin mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis pendekatan pengendalian penduduk dan pelayanan KB untuk penguatan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam program KB di Kota Makassar. Wawancara, observasi, dan telaah dokumen merupakan metode pengumpulan data. Peneliti mewawancarai kepala dinas, kepala bagian pengendalian, dan kepala subbagian kependudukan dan keluarga berencana di Dinas Pengendalian Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Kota Makassar di Provinsi Sulawesi, serta ibu-ibu yang telah mengadopsi KB. Prosedur pengolahan dan analisis data adalah analisis kualitatif yang terdiri dari lima tahap yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data, verifikasi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Perumusan kebijakan menggambarkan bahwa derajat perumusan sudah dilakukan dengan baik setiap tahunnya, (2) Implementasi program, khususnya a. aspek sosialisasi, menurut temuan penelitian yang berkaitan dengan teori strategi, dilihat dari dimensi pelaksanaan sosialisasi, peningkatan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam program KB tampaknya cukup efektif jika diukur dari jumlah peserta yang terlibat dalam KB aktif, b. pengendalian penduduk, dan Sesuai dengan temuan penelitian terdahulu, pemasangan program pengendalian dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam program KB. 3. Evaluasi dan Pengawasan Dalam hal evaluasi dan pemantauan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam program KB, statistik menunjukkan relatif tinggi, dengan rata-rata 68% menggunakan KB dan sisanya 32% tidak menggunakan KB.
Implementasi Pelayanan Kedokteran Gigi Selama Pandemi COVID-19 di Puskesmas Tamalate Kota Makassar: Implementation of Dentistry Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Tamalate Health Center in Makassar City Haeruddin Haeruddin; Desi Safitria Azis; Jasmin Ambas
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): JANUARY-JUNE
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v4i1.1522

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Tenaga medis sangat rentan terhadap penyebaran covid-19 salah satunya adalah dokter gigi. Persatuan dokter gigi Indonesia (PDGI) mengeluarkan pedoman pelayanan kedokteran gigi selama pandemi diharapkan mampu memperkecil kemungkinan tertularnya, dalam hal ini dokter gigi diminta untuk melakukan screening pada semua pasien, menunda tindakan tanpa keluhan dan non darurat, tindakan estetik, serta tindakan yang menghasilkan aerosol. Pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut, untuk sementara menghentikan pemberian pelayanan kecuali untuk kasus-kasus emergensi. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah Kualitatif dengan pendekatan Fenomenologi. Informan dari penelitian ini sebanyak 5 orang, yaitu dokter gigi, perawat gigi/asisten dan kepala puskesmas di puskesmas Tamalate kota makassar dan ketua/anggota PDGI. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pelayanan kedokteran gigi selama masa pandemi virus covid-19 pada puskesmas tamalate telah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan poin-poin yang ada pada surat edaran yang dibuat PB-PDGI untuk meminimalkan penularan. Kesimpulan: Pelayanan kedokteran gigi selama pandemi virus covid-19 pada puskesmas tamalate telah mengimplementasikan sesuai dengan protap..
Hubungan Kepemilikan Jamban Dengan Kejadian Diare Di Dusun Katoang, Desa Bontomatinggi Kabupaten Maros: The Relationship Of Laterine Ownership And The Incident Of Diarrhea In Katoang Hamlet, Bontomatinggi Village, Maros District Ayu Puspitasari; Sartika Suyuti; Nurgahayu Nurgahayu; Nurhikmah Abdullah
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2023): JANUARY-JUNE
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v4i1.1531

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is still a major problem in developing countries, including Indonesia Aim: The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between latrine ownership and the incidence of diarrhea in Katoang Hamlet Method: The type of research used is analytical observational with a cross sectional study approach. This research was conducted in Katoang Hamlet, Kab. Maros. The total sample in this study was 71 families using total sampling. The data collection technique was carried out through the interview method using a questionnaire sheet. Results: Based on the results of the Chi-Square analysis test, a significant value (p-value) = 0.003 was obtained, where the p-value was >0.05, meaning there was a significant relationship between latrine ownership and the incidence of diarrhea in Katoang Hamlet, Bontomatinggi Village. Conclusion: It is hoped that the community will increase their ownership of healthy toilets to avoid diarrhea and that the local government will regularly provide education regarding the importance of owning healthy toilets.
Pengaruh Pola Makan, Aktifitas Fisik dan Perilaku Menetap Terhadap Prestasi Remaja Rezky Aulia Yusuf; Farihah Muhsanah; Arni Rizqiani Rusyidi
Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR) Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): JULY-DECEMBER
Publisher : Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universitas Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52103/jahr.v1i2.1534

Abstract

Latar belakang: Selain konsekuensi terhadap kesehatan fisik, perilaku gizi seimbang, aktivitas fisik, dan perilaku menetap, beberapa studi melaporkan kemungkinan perilaku ini dapat mempengaruhi prestasi akademik remaja. Rendahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia di Indonesia, membuat peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan tujuan menganalisis pengaruh perilaku gizi seimbang, konsumsi makanan/minuman halal, kebiasaan shalat fardhu/sunnah, aktifitas fisik dan perilaku menetap terhadap prestasi akademik remaja. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode cross-sectional study. Self-administrated kuesioner digunakan dalam proses pengumpulan data. Teknik pemilihan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah random sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini merupakan remaja berumur 13-17 tahun (kelas 7-9). Penelitian akan dilakukan di SMPN. 17 Makassar. Dengan jumlah sampel 249 siswa/siswi. Analysis univariate, bivariaante dan multivariate (Binary Logistic Regression mengukur Crude Odds Ratio) dilakukan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah, dengan menggunakan software SPSS 20.0. Hasil: adanya pengaruh perilaku gizi tidak simbang (merasa lapar karena tidak cukup makan dirumah) dengan kesulitan mengerjakan tugas OR 2.52 (95% CI 1.304-4.856) p-value 0.006; adanya pengaruh perilaku gizi tidak simbang (tidak mengkonsumsi buah) dengan nilai rendah OR 1.68 (95% CI 1.287-2.616) p-value 0.03; adanya pengaruh perilaku gizi tidak simbang (tidak mengkonsumsi sayur) dengan kesulitan mengerjakan tugas OR 2.67 (95% CI 1.027-3.897) p-value 0.042; adanya pengaruh perilaku gizi tidak simbang (mengkonsumsi mie instant) dengan nilai rendah OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.299-2.293) p-value 0.011. Untuk perilaku konsumsi makanan dan minuman haram serta kebiasaan shalat diperoleh adanya pengaruh perilaku mengkonsumsi minuman haram dengan nilai rendah OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.127-1.919) p-value 0.026; ada pengaruh Tidak Shalat Fardhu/sunnah (=>5 kali sehari) terhadap nilai sekolah yang rendah OR 3.17 (95%CI 1.189-8.45) p-value 0.041. Selanjutnya, masalah ketidakaktifan fisik diperoleh ada pengaruh tidak aktif secara fisik (selama 60 menit - minimal 5 hari dalam sepekan) dengan nilai rendah OR 1.21 (95%CI 1.471-3.123). Serta, perilaku sedendari diperoleh memiliki pengaruh terhadap kesulitan mengerjakan tugas OR 1.76 (95%CI 1.901-3.422) dan nilai rendah OR 1.33 (95%CI 1.613-2.887) dengan p value <0.005. Kesimpulan: Adanya pengaruh indepent positif antara perilaku gizi tidak seimbang, ketidakaktifan fisik, konsumsi makanan/minuman haram, kebiasaan tidak shalat, dan perilaku sedentari terhadap prestasi akademik yang rendah. Intervensi berbasis sekolah dan keluarga sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi dan mencegah unhealthy behaviours pada remaja guna meningkatkan prestasi akademik dan kesehatan mental remaja.

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