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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,179 Documents
 91   92   93   94   95 
Evaluation of HOTS Test on Renewable Energy Materials through Rasch Model Analysis Rahmatillah, Nur; Zainuddin, Abu
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9458

Abstract

The growth of education in the globalisation era demands a paradigm change in the learning process, especially in terms of assessment that emphasises the importance of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS), which are no longer only focused on memorising and understanding basic concepts. This study aims to evaluate HOTS tests on renewable energy materials using the Rasch model as the main analysis technique. This research uses an evaluative design with a quantitative approach that aims to analyse the psychometric quality of HOTS test instruments objectively and systematically. The research subjects consisted of 71 learners selected through a purposive sampling technique from two classes in senior high school. The research instrument used was 10 multiple-choice questions with five answer options and analysed using Ministep software. The analysis results through the Wright map show that the distribution of students' abilities is close to a normal distribution. In contrast, the distribution of item difficulties has an uneven pattern, so that it does not cover the entire range of students' HOTS abilities. In addition, most of the items had adequate psychometric quality, but two items did not fit and needed special attention. Nevertheless, further analysis using the Item Characteristic Curve (ICC) revealed that item S3 indicated misfit, bringing the total to three items that did not fit the Rasch Model predictions. In addition, item S5 is included as a bias item. Overall, the instrument shows that the hierarchy of item difficulty is consistent and reliable, but it has limitations in sensitivity in distinguishing ability levels between learners. In addition, ICC analysis provides more sensitive detection of response pattern discrepancies, indicating the need for multiple analyses for comprehensive validation. Additional items are needed to comprehensively cover the spectrum of student abilities and improve the precision of identifying individual ability differences.
Optimization of Crude Fiber Content in Nata Produced from Watermelon Rind through Variations in Molasses and Mung Bean Sprout Broth Cholili, Muhammad Ramadhan; Putri, Fifijihana Dewirukmana; Putri, Khansa Farahdilla Irfanindya; Putri, Natasya Kharisma; Lutfi, Achmad; Trimulyono, Guntur
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9506

Abstract

Nata is a fermented product made from cellulose and synthesized by Acetobacter xylinum, offering potential as a functional food rich in dietary fiber. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying volumes of molasses and mung bean sprout (Phaseolus radiatus L.) broth as sources of carbon and nitrogen on the crude fiber content of nata produced from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind waste. Each fermentation medium had a total volume of 1000 mL and included the following treatments: N1 (5% molasses and 5% sprout broth), N2 (10% molasses and 10% sprout broth), N3 (15% molasses and 15% sprout broth), and N0 (control), which used coconut water, granulated sugar, and food grade urea. Fermentation was carried out under static conditions at room temperature for 10 days, and the resulting nata was analyzed for crude fiber content using the gravimetric method. The results showed that variations in the volumes of molasses and sprout broth significantly influenced the crude fiber content of nata (p < 0.05). The Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) further confirmed statistically significant differences among treatments. Treatment N2 produced the highest crude fiber content (8.05 ± 0.02%), while the control (N0) yielded the lowest value (5.11 ± 0.01%). The absence of nata formation in N3 indicated substrate saturation and nutritional imbalance. These findings emphasize the importance of carbon and nitrogen balance in optimizing nata production from agroindustrial waste. Treatment N2 was identified as the most effective in enhancing both crude fiber content and overall nata quality.
Water Quality Analysis of Nile Tilapia Hatchery Ponds at the Fish Hatchery Center in Tepas Sepakat Village, West Sumbawa Regency Rahman, Abdul; Aulia, Jamiatul; Ulfa, Andi Maria; Hamzah, Amir; Apriani, Ari
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9532

Abstract

This research was conducted to evaluate the water quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) hatchery ponds at the Fish Seed Center (Balai Benih Ikan, BBI) located in Tepas Sepakat Village, West Sumbawa Regency. Water quality is a critical factor that directly influences the success of aquaculture, particularly in hatchery operations where the survival and growth rates of fish fry are highly dependent on optimal environmental conditions. The study assessed key water quality parameters including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, ammonia concentration, and water transparency. Measurements were carried out quantitatively through direct sampling from three hatchery ponds containing fry of different ages and sizes, with data collected over three consecutive days during morning and afternoon sessions. The results indicated that all measured parameters remained within the acceptable ranges established by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7550:2009) for freshwater aquaculture. Water temperature ranged between 25.9°C and 27.9°C, DO levels varied from 3.9 to 5.2 mg/L, pH values ranged from 7.5 to 8.2, ammonia concentration was consistently below 0.1 mg/L, and water clarity ranged from 40 to 46 cm. Although water clarity slightly exceeded the standard threshold, it was still within a tolerable range that could support sufficient light penetration for photosynthesis without posing risks to the aquatic ecosystem. These findings suggest that the water quality at the BBI Tepas Sepakat hatchery ponds is generally suitable for supporting healthy and productive tilapia breeding. However, continuous monitoring and adaptive water quality management, particularly concerning dissolved oxygen and light penetration, are recommended to maintain optimal rearing conditions and ensure long-term sustainability of the hatchery operations. These findings can serve as a useful reference in promoting sustainable aquaculture practices and can be used in aquaculture training programs to improve water quality management.
Total Phenolics and Potential Antioxidant Activity in Natural Materials: Banana Stems and Bean Sprouts as Growth Regulators for Chilli Peppers (Capsicum frutescens L) Pratama, Jovan; Anggarani, Mirwa Adiprahara
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9548

Abstract

Indonesia has abundant horticultural commodities, including chilli plants, which have high economic value. However, their productivity remains low at 8.35 tons/ha, compared to the potential 20–40 tons/ha. To boost the productivity of red cayenne pepper, additional supplements such as phytohormones auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin are needed. This study uses natural sources of phytohormones derived from banana stems and mung bean sprouts. The aim is to measure the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of various combinations of these natural plant growth regulators (PGRs) to support plant productivity. An experimental design was used, analyzing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method with IC50 values, and total phenolics using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Six variations were tested: A (banana stem extract 10:0), B (banana stem:bean sprouts 8:2), C (6:4), D (4:6), E (2:8), and F (bean sprout extract 10:0). Antioxidant activity and total phenolics were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that variation C (6:4) had the highest total phenolic content (8.8 mg GAE/g) and an IC50 value of 210 ppm, indicating moderate antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that the combination of banana stem and bean sprout extracts in the right proportion can enhance the functional properties of natural PGRs, potentially supporting the growth and productivity of red cayenne pepper plants.
The Development of Learner Activity Sheets Based on Argument Driven Inquiry Model With Socioscientific Issues Context to Improve Students Argumentation Skills Kuki, Agustina Dua; Wea, Kristiana Nathalia; Susanty, Petronela Ivoni
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9567

Abstract

Learning by integrating argumentation skills has not been fully implemented in learning.  The purpose of this study was to develop a student activity sheet based on the Argument-Driven inquiry model with a socioscientific issue context. This research integrates the context of socioscientific issues as a stimulus for students in building scientific argumentation. This research method is the 4D model, which includes the define, design, develop, and disseminate stages. However, the stages of this research are limited to the development stage. The results showed that the student activity sheet was developed based on the learning stages of the Argument-Driven inquiry model, which is limited to the scientific argumentation phase. The study of socioscientific issues is adjusted to the learning subtopic of factors that affect the reaction rate. The data from the validation study of the Learner Activity Sheet is classified as a very valid category with a content validity score of 89%; the validity of the layout presentation aspect is 92% and the language aspect is 96%. Meanwhile, the students' response result shows that the level of satisfaction with the activity sheets is 96%, including the category of very satisfied. The improvement of students' argumentation skills was at a moderate level with an N-gain score of 0.64. Statistical test results show there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores with a P-value <0.05. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the LAS based on the Argument Driven Inquiry model with a socioscientific Issue context is valid, practical and effective for improving students' argumentation skills.
The Effect of Contextual Teaching and Learning Using PhET Media on Higher-Order Thinking Skills in the Energy Material Marlina, Lisa; Supriadi, Gito; Rizal, Setria Utama
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9571

Abstract

Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning in schools often faces challenges, especially in improving students' higher-order thinking skills. One of the factors that results in low learning outcomes in higher-order thinking skills is the use of learning models that do not involve students fully and actively. Therefore, an innovative and effective learning model is needed, one of which is the contextual teaching learning model using PhET media. This study was conducted to examine the application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model using PhET media on energy materials in grade 4 elementary school, and the significant influence of the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model using PhET media on Higher Order Thinking Skills in energy materials in grade 4 elementary school. he method used is a quasi-experimental qualitative design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data in the study were obtained through observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study uses observation sheets to see the application of the contextual teaching learning model using PhET media, with a score of 87.5 in the satisfactory category. Descriptive statistical data were obtained; the average pretest score was 44.00. Then, after applying the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model using PhET media, it increased to 90.87. The normality test obtained a pre-test value of 0.057 ˃ 0.05, so the distribution of data in this pretest was distributed normally. As for the post-test, the results of higher-order thinking skills have a value of 0.541 ˃ 0.05 with normal distribution. The hypothesis test uses the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with a Mean Rank of 8.00 and a Sum of Rank of 120.00 with a significance value of 0.000, which means that it is less than the significance level (α) of 0.05, so that H₀ is rejected. This means that there is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores. In conclusion, the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning model using PhET media has an effect on Higher Order Thinking Skills in energy materials in grade 4 elementary school.
Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Lipids from Ulva sp.: Optimization and Fatty Acid Profiling Rizkiana, Meta Fitri; Lestari, Afrila Tutut Dwijati; Sholeha, Irdatus; Palupi, Bekti; Putri, Ditta Kharisma Yolanda; Rahmawati, Istiqomah; Amini, Helda Wika; Fachri, Boy Arief
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9588

Abstract

Ulva sp. is a green alga commonly found in Indonesian waters. It contains approximately 60% carbohydrates, 10–47% protein, and 1–3% lipids. This study aimed to determine the optimum conditions for lipid extraction from Ulva sp. A pre-treatment step was carried out by adding a Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) and distilled water. The DES used was a mixture of zinc chloride and urea in a 1:2 molar ratio. The sample was then mixed with a chloroform-methanol solvent (2:1 v/v) and subjected to Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE). The variables investigated in this study included microwave power (150, 300, and 450 W), extraction time (10, 15, and 20 min), and solvent volume (45, 60, and 75 mL). The organic phase obtained from the extraction process was separated and evaporated to determine the lipid yield. The highest yield, 15.8%, was achieved under conditions of 20 min extraction time, 75 mL solvent volume, and 300 W of power. GC-MS analysis of the highest-yield sample revealed the presence of fatty acids including palmitic acid, oleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. This optimized method supports future applications in biodiesel production and green extraction processes for algae-based bioresources.
Analysis of Learning Difficulties of Students in Biology Subjects in Junior High School Leo, Marince Inforsalina
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9822

Abstract

Students' learning difficulties are generally influenced by two aspects, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors involve a lack of interest in learning, a lack of natural talent in a particular field, and health problems that can hinder the learning process. This study aims to analyze the learning difficulties of eighth-grade students in biology at Satap Penmina Junior High School. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods, with data obtained from student learning outcomes and questionnaire responses. The analysis identified factors contributing to learning difficulties among students at SMP Satap Penmina, including both internal and external factors. Internal factors included health issues, self-readiness, and difficulties, while external factors included school facilities and family support. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that the factors causing students' difficulties in learning biology are internal factors such as health (32%), self-readiness (30%), and difficulties (32%) (low category). External factors include family (32%) in the low category and school (35%) in the moderate category.
The Relationship Between Prior Knowledge and Students’ Chemical Literacy Pebriani, Nur Indah; Aini, Faizah Qurrata
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9598

Abstract

Chemical literacy is a key component of scientific literacy, enabling individuals to understand, evaluate, and apply chemical concepts in real-life situations. This study investigates the relationship between students' prior knowledge and their chemical literacy on acid-base topics in senior high school. The study employed a quantitative descriptive method with a correlational approach, involving 99 eleventh-grade students from three accredited private schools in Padang City, Indonesia. Two validated instruments were used to collect data: the Structured Essay Diagnostic Test of Chemistry (SEDToC) to assess prior knowledge, and a discourse-based chemical literacy test. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Spearman's Rank correlation. Results revealed a very weak and statistically insignificant positive correlation between prior knowledge and chemical literacy (rₛ = 0.1454; p > 0.05), with a coefficient of determination (r²) of 2.1%. Stoichiometry emerged as the subtopic with the highest level of understanding (41.68%), while chemical bonding was the lowest (3.05%). Although most students demonstrated procedural understanding, many struggled with contextual and discourse-based questions that required higher-order thinking. A high rate of misconceptions (36.59%) was also identified, which negatively affected students’ ability to reason and interpret chemical phenomena accurately. This study highlights that conceptual understanding alone is insufficient to support chemical literacy. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on chemical literacy as a multidimensional construct, beyond mere content mastery. The findings suggest that instructional strategies should not only strengthen prior knowledge but also integrate real-world contexts and promote critical thinking. Future research is recommended to explore other contributing factors such as motivation, metacognitive awareness, and teaching approaches that could better foster students’ chemical literacy. To support this, educators should design learning strategies that go beyond reinforcing prior knowledge and emphasise contextual, inquiry-based, and reflective approaches to develop students' comprehensive chemical literacy.
Effect of Problem-Based Learning Model on Biology Learning Motivation and Conceptual Understanding Muliana, Haika; Ramdani, Agus; Kusmiyati, Kusmiyati
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9716

Abstract

Education plays a crucial role in shaping high-quality human resources. However, observations at SMA Negeri 5 Mataram revealed that students are less motivated to participate in classroom learning. This is evident from students' lack of attention to the teacher’s explanation and their difficulty in understanding the material. One of the main causes is the use of monotonous, teacher-centered learning methods. This condition calls for innovation in teaching, such as implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, which is designed to improve students’ motivation and conceptual understanding. This study aims to analyze the effect of the problem-based learning model on students’ learning motivation and understanding of biological concepts among Grade X students at SMA Negeri 5 Mataram. The research employed a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design using a non-equivalent control group, involving an experimental group and a control group with both pretest and posttest. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, with class X6 as the control group and class X7 as the experimental group. The instruments used were a questionnaire to measure learning motivation and an essay test to assess conceptual understanding. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, which showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups, with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. These findings indicate that the problem-based learning model has a positive effect on improving both learning motivation and conceptual understanding. A good understanding of concepts can enhance students’ confidence in learning, thereby increasing intrinsic motivation. With strong motivation and conceptual understanding, students tend to achieve better academic outcomes and are more prepared to continue learning and adapting to future challenges.

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