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Jurnal Pijar MIPA
Published by Universitas Mataram
ISSN : 19071744     EISSN : 24601500     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Education,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Pijar MIPA (e-ISSN: 2460-1500 & p-ISSN: 1907-1744) is an open-access scientific periodical journal published by the Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA publishes original articles on current issues and trends in mathematics-science-science education studies. In addition, this journal addresses issues concerning environmental education and environmental science. The journal scopes are: a. Physics and Physics Education b. Chemistry and Chemistry Education c. Biology and Biology Education d. Natural Science and Science Education e. Mathematics and Mathematics Education f. Environmental and Environmental Education
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,179 Documents
 90   91   92   93   94 
The Role of Microbial Enzymes in Organic Waste Bioconversion: A Biochemical and Renewable Energy Perspective Anggraini, Welly
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9343

Abstract

This study explores the role of microbial enzymes in the bioconversion of organic waste into renewable energy sources such as bioethanol, biogas, and biohydrogen. Employing a qualitative literature review, this research applies a systematic thematic synthesis to 28 scientific sources, including journal articles, policy reports, and textbooks published between 2018 and 2024. The findings indicate that enzymes such as cellulase, amylase, and lipase play a dominant role in the hydrolysis of organic substrates, breaking down complex biomolecules into glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. These hydrolysis products are then fermented anaerobically by microbes like Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium spp. to generate various bioenergy outputs. In addition, the study highlights the importance of biochemical characteristics such as enzyme kinetics, stability, and substrate specificity, which are critical for improving energy conversion efficiency. Operational challenges include high production costs and suboptimal enzyme performance under non-laboratory conditions. However, promising innovations have emerged, including enzyme immobilization techniques, co-fermentation strategies, and the use of genetically engineered microorganisms. Case studies from India, Germany, and Indonesia demonstrate the practical potential of microbial enzyme-based bioconversion systems in transforming agricultural and household waste into valuable energy products. The integration of microbial enzymes into waste management not only reduces environmental pollution but also supports clean energy transition efforts. This research implies the need for policy alignment and educational curriculum integration in environmental science to accelerate public adoption and awareness. This research implies the need for policy alignment and educational curriculum integration in environmental science to accelerate public adoption and awareness.
The Effect of Learning Media Assisted by Doratoon App with Cooperative Model on Students Learning Outcomes Rum, Junita Angraini Styaning; Odja, Abdul Haris; Supartin, Supartin; Mursalin, Mursalin; Setiawan, Dewa Gede Eka; Mohamad, Wahyu Muzizat
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9355

Abstract

Learning media assisted by the Doratoon app, combined with engagement, collaboration, and deeper understanding of the material, while the interactive and visual nature of the app helps accommodate various learning styles. This research aims to determine the effect of using learning media assisted by the Doratoon app with a cooperative model on the learning outcomes of work and simple machines in class VIII at SMP Negeri 11 Gorontalo. This study is an experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest Design. The sampling technique used in this study is Cluster Random Sampling. This research utilizes VIII C, designated as the experimental class, selected randomly through a lottery method. The data for this study were collected through testing techniques. The results of the analysis of the experimental class yield a gain value of 0.83, which indicates that the sample class falls into the high category. Thus, the use of learning media assisted by the Doratoon application with a cooperative model significantly affects student learning outcomes in the material of work and simple machines.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Whiskers from Lampung Sugarcane Bagasse, Indonesia Afifi, Muhammad Ridho; Aini, Zahratul; Irawadi, Tun Tedja; Purwaningsih, Henny
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9371

Abstract

Sugarcane bagasse, the fibrous residue from sugar production, is an abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia, especially in Lampung, one of the country’s leading sugarcane-producing provinces. Its high lignocellulosic content makes it a promising alternative source of cellulose. However, effective extraction and conversion into high-value products such as cellulose whiskers require optimized chemical processes. This study aims to isolate cellulose from sugarcane bagasse using alkali and peroxide treatments and convert it into cellulose whiskers through hydrolysis using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) at varying concentrations (4–12 M). The objective is to evaluate the optimal acid concentration that produces cellulose whiskers with desirable morphology and crystallinity. Cellulose isolation was achieved through sequential NaOH and H₂O₂ treatments, significantly reducing lignin and hemicellulose content and yielding α-cellulose at 88.37%. Hydrolysis of the purified cellulose was then performed with H₂SO₄. The resulting materials were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA. FTIR confirmed the removal of non-cellulosic components, while SEM showed that only 10 M H₂SO₄ produced well-defined whiskers with nanoscale dimensions (200–700 nm in length and 10–50 nm in diameter). Lower acid concentrations resulted in incomplete hydrolysis, while excessive degradation occurred at 12 M. XRD analysis revealed an increase in crystallinity to 86.7%, indicating the removal of amorphous regions and successful formation of crystalline whiskers. TGA analysis showed different thermal degradation patterns between isolated cellulose and whiskers, supporting structural transformation. Cellulose whiskers can subsequently be utilized as a reinforcing material in the fabrication of plastic films for water–oil separation and dye adsorption applications in laboratory experiments.
Creative Thinking Skills Through Project-Based Learning (PjBL)-STEM Rahayu, Ika Putri; Wulandari, Fitria
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9381

Abstract

Creative thinking skills are important for students in generating ideas, learning, and ease of processing information. The PjBL-STEM model, in line with 21st century learning, empowers students to develop talents and abilities. This study aims to determine the improvement of students' creative thinking skills and the effect of the PjBL-STEM model on students' creative thinking skills. This type of research uses a quantitative approach with a pre-experiment method with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Sampling was taken using saturated sampling technique, namely all fourth-grade students of UPT SDN 173 Gresik, totalling 22 students. Data collection techniques involve giving tests with research instruments in the form of creative thinking skills questions that have been validated and are reliable. Data analysis used the N-Gain Test to determine the increase in creative thinking ability indicators after implementing the PjBL-STEM model and paired sample T-test to determine the effect of the PjBL-STEM model on students' creative thinking ability with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that the average N-Gain value was 0.77 which means that there was an increase in students' creative thinking skills with a high category and the results of the paired sample T-test analysis obtained a significant value of 0.000> 0.05 which means that there is a statistically significant difference between the creative thinking skills of students before and after the application of the PjBL-STEM model, so it can be concluded that the PjBL-STEM model is effective for increasing the influence of students' creative thinking skills. In the broader world of education, applying the PjBL-STEM model can empower students to develop talents and abilities holistically per the demands of the 21st-century curriculum, while improving STEM literacy, collaboration skills, and learning independence. Therefore, integrating the PjBL-STEM model in the current curriculum can strengthen meaningful, relevant, and contextualized learning, and prepare students to face real-world challenges with better creative thinking skills.
Cyclic Voltammetric Analysis of Retinol in Facial Serum Putra, Ananta Adita Eka; Setiarso, Pirim
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9397

Abstract

Retinol is an active compound within the retinoid group, derived from vitamin A and characterized by the presence of a cyclohexenyl ring structure. It is commonly incorporated into cosmetic formulations, particularly facial serums. To ensure product safety and efficacy, facial serums containing retinol must comply with established concentration limits to avoid overclaiming. Various analytical methods have been developed and utilized to determine retinol concentration. This research focuses on determining the amount of retinol present in facial serum by employing the cyclic voltammetry technique.. Cyclic voltammetry is an electrochemical method employed to evaluate the activity of specific compounds in solution by measuring the current generated between two electrodes as a function of the applied potential, which is cyclically varied from an initial to a final value and back again. In this study, the analysis was performed using a carbon paste electrode modified with ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles in a ratio of 3:2:3:2. The measurement of retinol in facial serum was carried out using a 5000 ppm KCl solution as the supporting electrolyte, phosphate buffer solution at pH 5, a deposition time of 20 seconds, and a scan rate of 0.25 V/s. The retinol concentration in the serum samples was determined based on a standard calibration curve described by the linear equation y = 0.0000355x + 0.00137, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.99979, indicating excellent linearity. Based on the calibration curve, the retinol concentrations in the facial serum samples were found to be 0.023% for brand A, 0.021% for brand B, and 0.022% for brand C with a LoD value of 0.001 ppm and a LoQ value of 0.003 ppm. The findings indicate that cyclic voltammetry has the potential to be widely applied in routine quality control within the cosmetic industry, offering an efficient and cost-effective analytical solution to ensure the stability and effectiveness of active ingredients in cosmetic products.
Isolation and Characterization of Xanthine Oxidase from Goats Milk Rohma, Maretha Nur; Herdyastuti, Nuniek
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9407

Abstract

Xanthine oxidase (XO) plays a role in the formation of uric acid and can be obtained from various sources, including goat's milk. This study aims to provide xanthine oxidase enzymes with known purity, characteristics (pH, temperature, and molecular weight), and to determine the effect of the inhibitor allopurinol on xanthine oxidase enzyme activity. Isolation is carried out using NaCl and partial purification through acetone precipitation. Enzyme activity is determined by the amount of uric acid formed in each acetone fraction, while protein levels are analyzed by the Bradford method. Results showed that the 60-90% acetone fraction provided the highest specific activity, with a purity of 29.190%. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 7.5 and temperature 33 °C, and a molecular weight of about 65 kDa. The inhibition test showed that the higher the concentration of allopurinol used, the greater the percentage of inhibition produced. The concentration of allopurinol 2 ppm provides the highest inhibition percentage of 90.376%. The xanthine oxidase enzyme produced from the research is expected to provide xanthine oxidase enzyme from goat milk that can be utilized further, both for research on the mechanism of inhibition of enzyme activity, as well as applications in other fields.
Potential of Fruit Extract from Green-Stemmed Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) as a Natural Chromophore for Solar Cell Development Damayanti, Ni Noman Triyani; Sanjaya, I Gusti Made
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9442

Abstract

The increasing demand for clean and renewable energy has driven the exploration of alternative materials for solar cell development. In this context, natural chromophores derived from plants offer an eco-friendly and sustainable solution due to their availability, low toxicity, and diverse molecular structures. This study investigates the chromophoric potential of the green-stemmed binahong (Anredera cordifolia) fruit and evaluates natural compounds that can be efficient light-absorbing materials in solar energy applications. Extracts of the binahong fruit were analyzed using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), revealing 66 distinct molecular peaks. Each compound was subjected to quantum chemical simulations using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) following initial geometry optimization through Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The simulations were conducted using the ORCA software, with molecular input prepared via the ChemCompute and Avogadro platforms. Parameters such as HOMO–LUMO energy levels and bandgap values were determined for all detected compounds. From these, 17 compounds exhibited favorable electronic characteristics, including bandgap values ranging from 1.3 to 4.4 eV and well-delocalized frontier orbitals. Notably, betalain compounds such as betanin and indicaxanthin showed strong visible light absorption and low energy gaps, while flavonoids and phenolic acids offered structural stability and tunable electronic properties. This research presents a novel computational approach to screening plant-based chromophores from non-model species, integrating LC-MS and TD-DFT data to highlight their light-harvesting capabilities. In conclusion, green-stemmed binahong is shown to be a promising source of natural chromophores for use in environmentally friendly solar technologies. The selected chromophores, especially those with optimal electronic configurations, are expected to be applied in future organic photovoltaic materials or integrated into green chemistry education as part of renewable energy awareness.
The Effectiveness of Guided Inquiry-Based Worksheet on Synthetic and Natural Food Colorant Thin Layer Chromatography Practicum in Developing Scientific Explanation Skills Nuraini, Valen Dwike Sabila; Helsy, Imelda; Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Aisyah, Riri; Sukmawardani, Yulia
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9517

Abstract

Scientific explanation is an essential skill in chemistry learning because it connects scientific principles and objective evidence. This study aims to describe the application of guided inquiry-based learning in thin-layer chromatography experiments of synthetic and natural food coloring to develop students' scientific explanations in learning applications. This study used a pre-experimental method with a post-test only one-shot case study design. In the implementation of learning, the implementation rate reached 87%. The average scores for worksheets and scientific explanation tests were 78 and 79, respectively. This indicates that the application of guided inquiry-based worksheets through TLC experiments is practical in developing students' scientific explanation skills. This experiment can be adopted in broader chemistry learning contexts by integrating guided inquiry with thin-layer chromatography using real food colorants, thereby fostering scientific thinking and providing students with hands-on experience that emphasizes the relevance of chemistry in everyday life.
Comparison of Protein Content and Physicochemical Characteristics of Fresh Noodles Enriched with Tuna and Mackerel Fish Flours Widnyani, Ida Ayu Putu Ary; Sintyadewi, Putu Rima
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9529

Abstract

Noodle products are classified as low-nutrient noodles because they have a high carbohydrate content but low protein, vitamins and minerals. Marine fish such as tuna and mackerel are food ingredients with high protein content, and they are abundant in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to partially substitute wheat flour with tuna flour and mackerel flour and analyze the physical (rehydration power, cooking loss, elasticity power) and chemical (protein) characteristics of the resulting wet noodles. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using a simple group randomized design and repeated 3 times. The results showed that the physical and chemical characteristics of wet noodles with the addition of mackerel flour had a cooking loss value of 11.51-16.42%, elasticity value of 29.82-17.12 gf, rehydration power of 177.33-140.65%, and protein 11.25-15.24% db. The addition of tuna fishmeal to wet noodles has a cooking loss value of 15.11-20.03%, elasticity value of 30.12-19.22 gf, rehydration power of 183.15-160.72%, and protein 13.37-21.72% db. The addition of mackerel flour and tuna flour to wet noodle products increased protein content while affecting the product's physical properties. It is hoped that this research can provide comparative insights into the utilization of marine resources as fortification ingredients in noodle products.
Exploration of Natural Chemical Compounds as Novel Post-Pandemic Antiviral Agents: A Review Anggraini, Welly
Jurnal Pijar Mipa Vol. 20 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram. Jurnal Pijar MIPA colaborates with Perkumpulan Pendidik IPA Indonesia Wilayah Nusa Tenggara Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jpm.v20i5.9358

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the search for effective, safe, and sustainable antiviral agents. One promising approach is the utilization of natural chemical compounds derived from plants, microorganisms, and marine organisms. These compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and polyphenols, have long been known for their broad biological activities, including antiviral properties. This article aims to explore the potential of natural chemical compounds as new post-pandemic antiviral candidates through a systematic literature review of 28 scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024 from major databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink. The findings indicate that 24 out of 28 reviewed compounds demonstrated significant antiviral activity, with 15 flavonoids targeting viral protease or spike protein through mechanisms like Mpro inhibition, ACE2 interaction, or cytokine modulation. Key challenges include low bioavailability, complexity in compound isolation, and lack of pharmaceutical standardization. However, advanced technological approaches such as nanoformulation, semi-synthetic analogue development, and the use of bio-refinery systems offer potential solutions to enhance the stability and effectiveness of these compounds. This article also highlights the importance of policy support and interdisciplinary collaboration in accelerating the translation of natural compounds from laboratory research to clinical application. The review offers practical implications for pharmaceutical innovation, particularly in biodiversity-rich countries such as Indonesia.

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