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Pharmacy Reports
Published by Indonesian Young Scientist Group
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27989798     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51511/pr.2
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacy Reports is an open-access journal publishing peer-reviewed research in the pharmacy field, covering topics in pharmaceutics, biomedicine, pharmaceutical chemistry, bioinformatics, natural product, pharmacology and toxicology, and clinical pharmacy. Pharmacy Reports invites you to submit papers, covering topics in: pharmaceutics (pharmaceutical technology, drug delivery system), biomedicine (molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, microbiology, biotechnology), pharmaceutical chemistry (analytical chemistry, medicinal chemistry: drug design, drug synthesis, pharmacochemistry, bioinformatic), natural product (fractionation, isolation, purification, and elucidation), pharmacology and toxicology (pharmacokinetics, toxicology), clinical pharmacy (therapeutic drug monitoring, adverse drug reaction, drug interaction), pharmaceutical industry, pharmacy education, community service related to pharmacy.
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 70 Documents
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Molecular docking analysis of flavonoid compounds from gandaria (Bouea macrophlla Griff) as potential alpha-glucosidase inhibitors Azzahrah, Qurrota A’yun; Novelina, Laras; Rosviena, Nyi Ayu Fayza; Saabirah, Ghania Parsa; Adilla, Annisa Rahma; Saeli, Pinka Mustika; Uswatunhasanah, Putri; Auli, Winni Nur; Saputro, Anjar Hermadi
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.75

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represents a significant metabolic disorder with elevated global prevalence, necessitating development of effective antidiabetic therapies. This study investigates flavonoid compounds from gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff) as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors through molecular docking analysis. Eight flavonoid compounds were evaluated against human α-glucosidase enzyme (PDB ID: 2QMJ) using AutoDock Tools version 1.5.6. The methodology achieved validation with an RMSD value of 1.98 Å, confirming computational reliability. Lipinski's Rule of Five assessment identified four compounds meeting drug-likeness criteria for analysis. Quercetin demonstrated the strongest binding affinity among tested compounds with a binding energy of -4.72 kcal/mol, compared to the native ligand N-acetylglucosamine at -5.12 kcal/mol. Interaction analysis revealed quercetin formed significant hydrogen bonds with key active site residues including Lys389, Asn393, and Asn417, indicating potential competitive inhibition mechanisms. All flavonoid compounds exhibited consistent binding patterns with Lys389 serving as a critical interaction site. These computational findings establish quercetin as the most promising flavonoid candidate for α-glucosidase inhibition, supporting its potential as a natural antidiabetic agent.
Molecular docking of hybrid coumarin thiazole derivative as anti-breast cancer on VEGFR-2 protein Liswatini, Putri; Rahma, Sophia; Mariska, Putri; Anggraeni, Fibria; Agustin, Desti; Sari, Desi Puspita; Afrian, Mahisa Shzara; Auli, Winni Nur; Saputro, Anjar Hermadi
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.76

Abstract

VEGFR-2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor located on cell membranes, originally identified in endothelial cells but also expressed in tumor cells and various cancer types, including breast cancer. In breast cancer, VEGFR-2 expression is upregulated during early stages of primary tumors and invasive metastases, with elevated levels associated with lymph node metastasis and reduced survival outcomes. This computational study evaluated the potential of coumarin-thiazole derivative compounds against VEGFR-2 as anticancer agents using molecular docking analysis. Three coumarin-thiazole hybrid compounds (42a, 54a, and 54b) were assessed for their binding affinity to VEGFR-2, with sorafenib serving as the reference drug. The docking analysis utilized the three-dimensional structure of VEGFR-2 (PDB ID: 2OH4) downloaded from the RCSB Protein Data Bank. Ligand structures were prepared using molecular modeling software and converted to appropriate formats for analysis. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDockTools v.1.5.7, and protein-ligand interactions were visualized using BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2024 software.Method validation using the native GIG ligand yielded a binding energy of -10.88 kcal/mol. The binding energy values for the three test compounds were -9.81 kcal/mol for compound 42a, -12.71 kcal/mol for compound 54a, and -12.77 kcal/mol for compound 54b. Compound 54b demonstrated the strongest binding affinity to VEGFR-2, surpassing the native ligand GIG, the reference drug sorafenib, and the other test compounds. These results indicate that compound 54b represents the most promising candidate for anti-breast cancer therapy through VEGFR-2 targeting, warranting further experimental validation.
Molecular docking of several compounds in katuk (Sauropus androgynus (L.)) leaves as anti-breast cancer in AKT1 protein Sutjiningsih, Ni Nyoman Ota; Ulisya, Azzaima Ayu; Utami, Amalda; Natalia, Christine; Mumtaz, Fakhira Chairunnisa; Yulanda, Nola Rohmi Eka; Sari, Victoria Rekina; Auli, Winni Nur; Saputro, Anjar Hermadi
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.77

Abstract

Breast cancer represents a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. Katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus L.) demonstrate potential as anticancer agents through their ability to inhibit metastatic processes. The AKT1 protein plays a critical role in preventing apoptosis in breast cancer cells, making it an important therapeutic target. This study employed molecular docking analysis to evaluate the binding affinity of bioactive compounds from katuk leaves to the AKT1 protein. The docking methodology involved protein preparation using structures obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID 3O96), followed by ligand preparation and validation using AutoDockTools version 1.5.6. Chemical interaction analysis was performed using BIOVIA Discovery Studio 2021 software. The binding energy analysis encompassed one native ligand, one reference drug (afuresertib), and five katuk-derived compounds: kaempferol, catechin, coumarin, squalene, and phytol. The respective binding energies were determined as -12.59, -8.70, -5.92, -6.44, -5.05, -8.11, and -6.70 kcal/mol. Among the tested compounds, squalene exhibited the strongest binding affinity (-8.11 kcal/mol), demonstrating superior interaction with the AKT1 protein compared to other katuk-derived bioactive compounds. The in silico screening results indicate that bioactive constituents in katuk leaves possess favorable binding characteristics for breast cancer protein targets, with squalene showing particular promise as a natural AKT1 inhibitor.
Molecular docking of piperine, limonene, and eugenol in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) as anti-stroke Azzahra, Fauzia; Nadapdap, Ezra Gabriella Oktaviany; Cahyani, Nabila; Salsabila, Fathul Aini; Afada, M. Mufti; Auli, Winni Nur; Saputro, Anjar Hermadi
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.79

Abstract

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, necessitating the development of effective therapeutic agents. This study explores the potential of bioactive compounds from Piper nigrum L. (black pepper) as anti-stroke candidates targeting the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A) receptor (PDB ID: 3BJC). The evaluation employed molecular docking and drug-likeness assessment methodologies. Piperine, limonene, and eugenol were assessed using Lipinski's Rule of Five (RO5) to predict oral bioavailability. All compounds met the RO5 criteria, indicating favorable drug-likeness characteristics. Molecular docking was validated through re-docking of the native ligand WAN, yielding an RMSD ≤ 2 Å, confirming the accuracy of the docking protocol. Following validation, molecular docking analysis revealed that piperine demonstrated the lowest binding energy (-7.71 kcal/mol), followed by limonene (-5.28 kcal/mol) and eugenol (-4.86 kcal/mol). Visualization results revealed that piperine shared key interaction motifs and amino acid residues with the native ligand, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, indicating strong receptor affinity and molecular stability. Additionally, the ligand-receptor interaction distance of piperine (2.21 Å) closely resembled the native ligand (2.15 Å), further supporting its structural and functional similarity. These findings highlighted piperine as the most promising anti-stroke candidate among the tested compounds. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended to validate its pharmacological efficacy and safety.
Clinical efficacy of guava (Psidium guajava L.) in human trials: A review of therapeutic and nutritional applications Ni Pande Made Ayu Dinda Saraswati, Dinda; Purwanata, I Gede Raditya
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.85

Abstract

This review examines clinical evidence for guava's therapeutic efficacy across multiple health domains. Randomized controlled trials reveal guava's significant impacts on metabolic health, demonstrating reduced postprandial glucose responses, improved lipid profiles, and decreased blood pressure. Nutritional intervention studies establish guava as an effective food-based strategy for improving iron status in vulnerable populations through enhanced iron absorption, particularly in children and pregnant women. Additional clinical evidence supports guava's applications in musculoskeletal health (reducing knee pain), dermatological care (controlling sebum production), oral health (preventing gingivitis and reducing oral pathogens), and gastrointestinal disorders (alleviating diarrheal symptoms). These diverse therapeutic effects stem from guava's rich phytochemical profile, including flavonoids, carotenoids, and exceptionally high vitamin C content. The review highlights guava's versatility as a well-tolerated, accessible intervention that aligns with sustainable, food-based approaches to health management. While current evidence provides a foundation for guava's clinical applications, future research should further elucidate mechanisms of action, optimize preparations, and explore additional therapeutic potential. Guava emerges as a scientifically validated therapeutic agent with significant potential to improve health outcomes across diverse populations and conditions.
The pharmacological potential of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.): A review of recent evidence Wirawati, Kadek Tania; Ompusunggu, Gabrios Bonauli; Wardani, Luh; Yanti, Kadek Rahayu Darma
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.86

Abstract

Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) has been used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries, but its pharmacological properties have only recently been systematically investigated using modern scientific methods. This review aims to synthesize current research on the pharmacological activities of sappan wood and assess its potential for development into evidence-based therapeutic applications. A systematic literature search following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted in ScienceDirect and PubMed databases using specific keywords. Articles published between 2014-2024 investigating the pharmacological properties of sappan wood were included, yielding nine studies for qualitative analysis. Evidence demonstrates that sappan wood possesses significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing, antidiabetic, and anti-HIV properties. Brazilin emerges as a key bioactive compound, though synergistic effects among multiple constituents enhance certain activities. Multiple mechanisms of action were identified, including inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, antibacterial effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and activation of antioxidant pathways. Sappan wood shows promising potential as a source of natural pharmacological agents with diverse therapeutic applications. Future research should focus on clinical validation, standardization of extracts, and elucidation of molecular mechanisms to facilitate its integration into modern healthcare.
Climate change and antimicrobial resistance: a global public health crisis at the environmental nexus Purwaningrum, Dyah; Pratama, Alvin
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.94

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and climate change are major global public health challenges, with growing evidence indicating interconnected relationships. This review explores the multifaceted links between climate change and AMR, focusing on how rising temperatures influence bacterial resistance mechanisms, alter pathogen distribution patterns, and affect environmental reservoirs of resistance genes. Evidence synthesized in this review indicates that rising temperatures correlate with increased AMR rates across multiple regions, with each 1°C temperature increase linked to higher resistance prevalence. Climate change affects environmental transmission dynamics via soil ecosystems, aquatic environments, and cryosphere degradation, which can release long-dormant resistance determinants from permafrost and glaciers. Rising temperatures facilitate the geographic spread of resistant pathogens, as observed in Vibrio species expanding to higher latitudes and the emergence of Candida auris as a clinically significant pathogen from environmental sources. Wildlife and livestock act as potential reservoirs, while climate-driven habitat changes increase human-animal interactions that may facilitate transmission. The bidirectional relationship between these challenges—where rising temperatures contribute to AMR spread and resistant infections may hinder climate resilience—requires integrated One Health approaches. Strategies proposed include enhanced surveillance, climate-informed antimicrobial stewardship, and ecosystem-based interventions to address these interconnected issues. Importantly, integrating climate-informed health policies that align climate adaptation with AMR control should be prioritized globally to safeguard antimicrobial efficacy amid accelerating environmental changes.
Pharmaceutical waste management: sources, environmental impacts, and sustainable solutions Baroka, Ima Uzni
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.95

Abstract

Pharmaceutical waste represents a growing global environmental and public health challenge requiring urgent attention across healthcare systems worldwide. This review examines the sources, environmental impacts, and management strategies for pharmaceutical waste based recent studies across six continents. Healthcare facilities generate the largest volumes of pharmaceutical waste, with hospitals producing 1,150-5,967 grams daily and specialized units contributing disproportionately high amounts. Community and household sources add significant distributed waste through improper disposal practices, with up to 95% of households maintaining unused medication inventories. Environmental impacts include widespread contamination affecting 96% of disposal pathways inappropriately, creating multiple exposure routes through terrestrial (49%), drainage (21%), and aquatic systems (25%). Antimicrobial resistance development represents a critical consequence, with 60% of environmental bacterial isolates demonstrating extended-spectrum β-lactamase production. Effective management strategies encompass source reduction achieving 1.9 kg CO2-equivalent climate benefits annually, hospital recycling programs generating $415,000 net value while diverting 461,000 medication units from incineration, and advanced treatment technologies reducing antibiotic concentrations to 0.002-0.68 mg/kg in recovered materials. Implementation success requires integrated approaches combining prevention, technology solutions, stakeholder engagement, and regulatory frameworks. Urgent action is needed to establish comprehensive pharmaceutical waste management systems that protect environmental and public health while achieving economic sustainability.
Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome against pathogenic bacteria Santhi, Ni Nyoman Ayu Budhi Erlangga; Widiantara, Komang Rian; Artawan, Dewa Gede Wira Putra; Nanda, I Komang Gede Triyana Wahyu
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.97

Abstract

Bacterial infectious diseases have become a serious global health problem due to the increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from Kaempferia galanga L. rhizome against pathogenic bacteria. The extract was prepared using 96% ethanol through maceration, yielding 14.86% (w/w) of concentrated extract. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, with inhibition zones ranging from 6.08-16.38 mm. The most pronounced effect was observed against S. aureus (16.38 mm) at 100% concentration, followed by B. subtilis (15.27 mm), E. coli (12.78 mm), and P. aeruginosa (10.83 mm). Gram-positive bacteria demonstrated higher susceptibility than Gram-negative bacteria. According to Davis & Stout classification, the antibacterial activity of 100% extract against all test bacteria ranged from moderate to strong. These findings suggest that K. galanga rhizome extract has significant antibacterial potential that supports its traditional use in treating infectious diseases and warrants further investigation for development as a natural antibacterial agent.
Public knowledge and awareness of appropriate antibiotic use in Indonesia: A review of regional patterns and misconceptions Oktariza, Yasinda
Pharmacy Reports Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Pharmacy Reports
Publisher : Indonesian Young Scientist Group and UPN Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51511/pr.100

Abstract

Inappropriate use of antibiotics is one of the major contributors to the rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance. Public knowledge plays a critical role in shaping appropriate antibiotic use behaviors. This review aims to assess the level of knowledge and awareness regarding antibiotics among communities across selected regions in Indonesia and identified persistent misconceptions. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2020-2025. Cross-sectional studies examining public antibiotic knowledge in Indonesian populations were included. Quality assessment was performed using the CASP Checklist for cross-sectional studies. A total of ten articles met the eligibility criteria, each representing different provinces in Indonesia. All studies employed questionnaires as their primary data collection instruments. The review findings indicate that public knowledge and awareness of antibiotics remain moderate. Persistent misconceptions included beliefs that antibiotics treat viral infections, cold and cough symptoms, and fever. Non-prescription antibiotic procurement rates ranged from 40-52%, while 50-74% discontinued treatment when feeling better. To address these issues, targeted educational interventions are necessary, involving both active and passive dissemination strategies and engagement with healthcare professionals. Increasing public understanding of antibiotic use is expected to contribute to the reduction of antimicrobial resistance in Indonesia.

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