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Prof. Diah Ayu Maharani, DDS, PhD
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Makara Journal of Health Research
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23563664     EISSN : 23563656     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/msk
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Health Research (MJHR) is a peer-reviewed and scientific journal published by Universitas Indonesia. Starting from 2019 onwards, MJHR is redirecting its scope, focusing on publishing research articles relevant to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) addressing issues of surveillance, disease management and health policy in the Asia Pacific and Mediterranean countries. Relevant academic articles regarding NCDs analyzed from an integrated perspective including individual and population level, experimental and clinical approaches, epidemiology, public health, disease prevention and health promotion, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and palliative care are welcome.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 270 Documents
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Factors influencing health service utilization among the elderly in Insein Township, Yangon Region Min Min Hlaing, Sandar; Clara, Naw; Nanda Han, Aye
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Background: With the increasing needs of the aging population and the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, assessment of the equity and accessibility of health care among the elderly has become important. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to December 2019 among 225 elderly to describe the factors influencing health service utilization. Multistage sampling was applied, and structured questionnaire was used to interview the elderly. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were performed in data analysis. Results: The average age of the respondents was 71.7 ± 8.17 years old, and 68.4% of the respondents utilized health services within a year. Although sex, health habit, and diagnosed chronic disease were associated with health service utilization in bivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression results reported that physical exercise [adjusted odd ratios (AOR) = 3.02, 95%CI: 1.07–8.53], financial support of family [AOR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.00–7.69], perceived transportation cost [AOR = 0.08, 95%CI: 0.01–0.54], accessibility to health care personnel [AOR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.04–0.50], and perceived health status [AOR = 0.03, 95%CI: 0.01–0.09] were predictors of health service utilization. Conclusion: This study highlighted the significant influence of perceived health status, financial support of family, perceived transportation cost, and accessibility to health care personnel referred to the possible indicators of health care inequality issues.
Attitudes and work preferences toward older people among Malay undergraduate nursing students Syed Elias, Sharifah Munirah; Jaafar, Nor Faeziah; Siew Pien, Lee
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Abstract

Background: The aging population is increasing globally and requires a high demand for healthcare services in several countries. As a way of preparing future nurses in aged care, substantial incorporation of gerontology courses in the nursing program to meet future needs is required. The present study aimed to investigate the association between attitudes and work preferences toward older people among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 291 nursing students at a Malaysian public university. A set of questionnaires was used that comprised the following three parts: (1) Part A: Sociodemographic background, (2) Part B: Attitudes toward older people, and (3) Part C: Nursing students’ work preferences. Results: Most of the participants (80.4%) demonstrated slightly positive attitudes on older people. Only 2.4% selected older people group as their work preference. There were no significant associations between attitudes with sex (p = 0.84), year of study (p = 0.30), living status (p = 0.77), and work preferences (p = 0.81). Conclusion: Overall, the majority of participants had slightly positive attitudes on older people. Although they had positive attitudes on older people, working in aged care setting is not their first preference after their graduation.
Effects of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Extract on the Osteoblast Differentiation Potential of Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Nordin, Nur Sazwi; Mokhtar, Khairani Idah; Mustafa, Basma Ezzat; Lestari, Widya; Ichwan, Solachuddin JA Ichwan Jauhari Ichwan; Darnis, Deny Susanti; Kannan, Thirumulu Ponnuraj; Ahmad, Azlina
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 25, No. 1
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Background: Flaxseed promotes bone health and possibly induces bone regeneration. However, the capacity of flaxseed to induce the differentiation of stem cells into osteoblasts remains unreported. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the effects of flaxseed extract on the osteoblast differentiation potential of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Methods: SHED cultured in osteoblast induction media (OIM) were treated with 4 mg/mL flaxseed extract. RNA was collected and extracted with Total RNA Mini Kit (Geneaid) from cells cultured at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 and subjected to reverse-transcriptase PCR for osteoblast markers (OSX, OCN, and DMP1). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined by ALP assay, and Alizarin Red-S staining was performed to evaluate calcium deposition in SHED. Results: All osteoblast markers were expressed in all samples analyzed. OSX expression was reduced in the SHED treated with flaxseed extract. In addition, the SHED treated with flaxseed extract had lower ALP activity than the control (p < 0.05). Calcium deposition was positive in the SHED cultured in OIM only. Conclusions: Flaxseed can reduce the expression of osteoblast markers, ALP activity, and calcium deposition in SHED. Thus, flaxseed potentially inhibits the osteoblast differentiation of SHED.
Self-assessment tool for evaluating periodontal conditions Rani, Haslina; Mohd-Dom, Tuti Ningseh; Mohd-Said, Shahida; Johari, Nur Azwani
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Background: The global prevalence of periodontal disease is steadily rising. Early detection through the active screening of potential patients is important because periodontal disease leads to high disease, clinical, and economic burdens. The aim of this study is to develop a simple periodontal assessment tool for the Malay-speaking population; this tool is referred to in this work as MyGusi. Methods: Translation and back-translation of a self-assessment tool containing 10 items related to periodontal health conditions and risk behaviors were conducted by three bilingual translators. Nine periodontists were selected to determine the content validity of the tool. After pre-testing for face validity, MyGusi was distributed to patients attending dental clinics in a public university in Kuala Lumpur. The Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE) of each patient was obtained from their dental records. Results: The scale-content validity index of MyGusi was 0.92, which indicates good validity. Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess the internal consistency of the tool, and the value obtained (0.72) indicated acceptable reliability. The mean total MyGusi and BPE scores were positively correlated at 0.488 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: MyGusi has good content validity and is positively correlated with BPE, an established periodontal screening tool.
Filial piety expectations and loneliness among older people in Kuantan, Pahang Makhtar, Aniawanis; Samsudin, Nor Hafizah
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Abstract

Background: Filial piety plays a vital role in combating loneliness among older people. Older adults have a high tendency to feel lonely when affection toward and from their children decreases. This study aimed to determine the association between filial piety expectations and loneliness among older people in Kuantan, Pahang. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 198 older people in Kuantan, Pahang. Filial piety expectation and loneliness were measured by the Filial Piety Expectation Scale and UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The results of this study indicate that the majority of respondents believe that adult children should care for their parents. A high level of filial piety expectations was associated with a low level of loneliness. Age and race were significantly associated with filial piety expectations among older people in Kuantan. Conclusion: The study showed an association between filial piety expectations and loneliness among older people. Thus, the influence of filial piety expectations on the level of loneliness among older people must be acknowledged to ensure the improvement of the health and well-being of older people.
The role of parents in providing sexuality education to their children Binti Abdullah, Nur Azira Fideyah; Muda, Siti Mariam; Mohd Zain, Norhasmah; Abdul Hamid, Siti Hazariah
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Abstract

Background: Parents have an important role in delivering sexuality education to their children. However, Asian parents are reluctant to discuss sexual matters with their children owing to the sensitivity of the topic and their lack of sexual health knowledge. This study aimed to examine Malaysian parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices in providing sexuality education to their children. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct this cross-sectional study featuring 200 Malaysian parents. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Study (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Among the majority (79.5%) of the parents having good knowledge, 82% agreed that sexuality information helps their children recognize and avoid sexual abuse. Most (91%) of them perceived that they have good practices in providing sexuality education to their children. There is no association between the parents’ gender and their knowledge of sexuality education. However, there are no links between age groups, educational level, and the parents’ knowledge of sexuality education. Conclusion: Malaysian parents believe that sexuality education should be provided by the parents to their children at an early age. Hence, a comprehensive sexuality education program for parents consisting of sufficient information, motivation, and strategies, is needed to develop children’s sexual literacy.
An assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the Kuantan community on the effects of monosaccharides on cancer Mazlan, Muhammad Alif; Che Hasan, Muhammad Kamil; Mat Yusof, Afzan; Md Isa, Muhammad Lokman
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Background: Cancer knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) levels of communities are essential to be assessed to enhance cancer educational programs. This study aimed to determine the KAP level of the Kuantan community on the effects of monosaccharides on cancer. The association between the sociodemographic data and KAP level of the community has also been evaluated. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed among residents living in the Kuantan community. Only 303 of 380 responses were included in the data analysis using the chi-square test. Results: The knowledge and practice levels were moderate, whereas the attitude was at a positive level. Moreover, the association of sociodemographic factors (sex and education level) showed significant difference with the knowledge level (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, only the age factor showed significant difference toward the practice level of the Kuantan community, with p < 0.05. Conclusion: In conclusion, although the attitude score is positive, educational programs still need to be conducted as the knowledge and practice levels of the community have moderate scores.
Detectability of circulating microRNAs in microRNA extracts with low purity and yield using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction: Supporting evidence Ahmad, Azmir; Kaderi, Mohd. Arifin; Tumian, Afidalina; Sivanesan, Vijaya Mohan; Abdullah, Kahairi; Leman, Wan Ishlah; Mohamad, Irfan; Wan Zainon, Wan Mohd. Nazri; Mohd. Shiyuti, Muhammad Izani; Mohamed Awang, Kamariah; Rosla, Luqman; Paul, Mark; Syed Yussof, Sharifah Nor Ezura; Ramli, Rosdi
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Abstract

Background: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNAs with promising potential as minimal invasive biomarkers for noncommunicable diseases. However, challenges exist in the preparation of these miRNAs from peripheral blood samples for quantification purposes. The low quality of miRNA extracts presents an obstacle. Acknowledging the superior performance of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as gold standard for gene expression analysis, we conducted this study to observe the capabilities of qPCR using the Taqman® protocol in amplifying circulating miRNAs from miRNA extracts with low purity and yield. Methods: miRNAs were extracted from thirty-six plasma samples that were obtained from public subjects. Four selected miRNAs were quantified using the Taqman® protocol in an integrated fluidic circuit chip that was optimized from a previous study. The amplification graph and Cq values were obtained to observe any abnormal amplification signs and expression levels, respectively. Results: The qualitative observation of the amplification of the four miRNAs showed no sign of abnormality, thereby indicating the successful amplification of the miRNAs without enzymatic inhibition. Furthermore, the miRNAs were quantified in high expression levels. Conclusion: The circulating miRNA extracts with low purity and yield were practical for the study of circulating miRNA expression based on the Taqman® protocol as the method of detection.
Psychosocial impacts of fixed orthodontic treatment in Lahore, Pakistan Shahzad, Hazik Bin; Iftikhar, Dalia; Huda, Noor ul; Enver, Nayha; Awais, Faiza; Hussain, Shabbir
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 24, No. 3
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Background: The aim of this study is to assess psychosocial impacts on oral health-related quality of life between individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment and those who have completed treatment. Methods: A total of 135 individuals were selected from the Orthodontic Department at Rashid Latif Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Current and previous orthodontic treatments were recorded. A questionnaire on oral impacts on daily performance was used to assess functional, psychological, and social limitations. Results: The most prevalent psychosocial impact was difficulty in smiling/laughing (26.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment are 2.9 times more likely to experience difficulty in eating compared with individuals with completed orthodontic treatments, and the difference between groups was significant (p < 0.001). Furthermore, difficulty speaking was 6.7 times more likely to occur in individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment than in individuals with completed orthodontic treatment; the difference between groups was also significant. Conclusion: Besides the normal and expected difficulties in eating, cleaning teeth, and speaking (i.e., functional impacts), individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment are prone to experience severe difficulties in smiling and going out. These issues are related to the psychosocial impacts and limitations of orthodontic treatment and demonstrate that the latter does not grant patients a higher status in society if they refrain from social settings and have difficulty smiling.
Prevalence and Impacts of Musculoskeletal Pain among the Elderly Living in The East Coast Region of Peninsular Malaysia Che Hasan, Muhammad Kamil; Asmera, Nur Nabila Izzati; Sulaiman, Suliza; Nurumal, Mohd Said; Nik Mohd Hatta, Nik Noor Kaussar
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 25, No. 1
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Background: Musculoskeletal pain commonly affects the elderly, but the extent of this problem within the Malaysian community remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal pain among the elderly living in the community. Methods: Elderly individuals aged 60 years and above with musculoskeletal pain and intact cognition were recruited for this study. Musculoskeletal pain was scored using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and functional ability was assessed via the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale. Mental wellbeing was evaluated using the Short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing scale, and risk of falling was determined via the Short Falls Efficacy Scale – International. Results: A total of 216 community-dwelling elderly individuals participated in this research. Knee pain was the most common pain type experienced by the participants in the past 12 months (58.8%) and 7 days (28.8%). This type of pain was also the most common reason cited by the elderly for their difficulty in working. Age, gender, and body mass index were not significant predictors of musculoskeletal pain in the elderly (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain significantly impacts the functional ability and fear of falling of elderly individuals in the east-coast region of Malaysia. Mental wellbeing scores indicated a decreasing trend, but no significant difference was noted.

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