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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
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Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 29, No. 2" : 15 Documents clear
Phytoremediation of Lead Heavy Metals in the Mangrove Ecosystem of the Lembar Harbor Area, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia Rahman/Firman, Firman Ali; Ihsan, Muhammad Shohibul; Agustini, Dwi; Jayanti, Ervina Titi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Mangroves play a vital role as bioindicator plants in port areas with the potential for non-essential heavy metal contamination. This study aimed to determine the potential for phytoremediation of lead heavy metal in mangrove vegetation resulting from port operations. The research was conducted in the mangrove ecosystem of Lembar Harbor, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Substrate, leaf, and root samples were collected using a purposive random sampling technique and analysis for testing the lead heavy metal content using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed that the average heavy metal content of lead accumulated in the substrate in each mangrove stand (14.35 ± 2.711 ppm) was higher than the average heavy metal content in the roots (5.48 ± 2.300 ppm) and leaves (3.55 ± 1.623 ppm). Further analysis showed that nine out of 10 mangrove species act as a phytostabilizer against the lead heavy metal with an average translocation factor of no more than one (0.59 ± 0.176). Only Rhizophora stylosa showed the ability for phytoextraction with a translocation factor more than one (1.488). All types of mangroves in the Lembar Harbor area had a bioconcentration factor lower than one, with an average leaf bioconcentration factor of 0.25 ± 0.115 ppm and a root bioconcentration factor of 0.39 ± 0.161 ppm. The ecological function of the mangroves in Lembar Harbor is more specifically an excluder plant for lead heavy metal bioaccumulation with a biological concentration factor (BCF) < 1 and phytoremediation (FTD) < 1, which can be affected by the low accumulated BCF of leaves and roots.
Systematic Review: Recent Developments in Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Based DNA Extraction Tjoa, Stanley Evander Emeltan; Mudasir, Mudasir; Suharyadi, Edi; Daryono, Budi Setiadi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a research object for various molecular fields of study, and DNA extraction is a basic procedure in molecular biology laboratories. DNA extraction methods are evolving, from several steps using organic solvents to recent technology using magnetic nanoparticles as adsorbents for the purification step. The use of magnetic nanoparticles for DNA extraction is magnetizing because it is simple without heavy machinery, such as centrifugation and organic solvents. The application of this method is extensive and diverse. This systematic review summarizes current development trends for some aspects of this DNA extraction system from the magnetic nanoparticle synthesis method, extraction protocol, and different types of samples used. The main purpose of this review is to provide an overall perspective of the use of magnetic nanoparticles in DNA extraction for researchers to start their exploration of this safe, simple, and rapid technique. In general, the most well-known magnetic nanoparticle preparation uses the coprecipitation method. The preferred particle is a plain and silica-coated magnetic nanoparticle using tetraethyl orthosilicate. The most common buffer systems for binding, washing, and elution are Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and NaCl, 70% ethanol, and Tris–EDTA, respectively. The extraction system with magnetite can be used for various types of samples, ranging from human specimens to animal, plant, and bacterial specimens. The extraction yields using the magnetic-nanoparticle-based method were between 0.03 µg and 116.63 µg with a DNA purity ratio between 1.09 and 1.99.
Porous Calcium Carbonate-Poly-2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropanesulfonic Acid Microspheres Embedded with Silver-Based Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial Carriers for Bone Infections Rini, Novi Dwi Widya; Asmoro, Adinda; Rachmawati, Systi Adi; Ardy, Husaini; Aimon, Akfiny Hasdi; Kishimura, Akihiro; Katayama, Yoshiki; wibowo, arie
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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Implant-associated infections (IAIs) are a significant complication following orthopedic surgeries and are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, microspheres based on hybrid calcium carbonate–poly-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (CaCO3-PAMPS) embedded with silver-based nanoparticles (AgNPs) were developed as potential antibacterial drug carriers for IAIs. AgNPs were prepared via a green synthesis approach, which employed Indonesian wild honey as a reducing and capping agent. PAMPS concentrations (0.025%, 0.050%, and 0.075% w/v) and silver ion (Ag+) concentrations in solution (0%, 2.5%, and 4% w/v) were varied. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that samples with 0.050% w/v PAMPS and 2.5% w/v Ag+ exhibited remarkable stability against recrystallization and aggregation. The sample exhibited more homogeneous, free-standing vaterite particles. Moreover, the particles obtained displayed a porous structure, promising for loading active ingredients. In addition, the X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the Ag-based particles embedded were not only AgNPs but were also predominantly composed of AgCl. AgNPs and AgCl in this sample demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (zone of inhibition of 7.2 ± 0.6 mm). The development of stable, homogeneous microspheres with antibacterial properties and drug-loading potential offers a promising solution for the prevention and treatment of IAIs, addressing a critical challenge in orthopedic surgery.
Enhanced Crack Resistance of Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Grown on a Tubular Substrate with the Additive Ethylene Glycol Sianturi, Manogari; Juwono, Ariadne Laksmidevi; Anawati, Anawati
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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Abstract

The growth of a porous anodic aluminum oxide (PAAO) layer with fewer cracks on a tubular substrate is quite challenging. The PAAO layer on a curved surface grows slower than that on a flat surface and is susceptible to cracking. This study aims to improve the crack resistance of the PAAO layer grown on a tubular aluminum substrate by adding ethylene glycol (EG). Each bath contained additive concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 vol% EG. Anodization proceeded for 4 h at a temperature of 10 ℃ using the potentiostatic mode at 25 V in a sulfuric acid bath and 40 V in an oxalic acid bath. The crack and pore structure were investigated using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The kinetic curve and FE-SEM investigation indicated that the addition of EG in the bath slowed the growth rate of the PAAO layer in both anodization baths. The lower oxidation rate drastically improved the crack resistance, as revealed by the significant reduction in the crack population and narrower crack width. The additive EG presumably enhanced the electrolyte viscosity and reduced the heating effect released during oxide growth. Consequently, the layer thickness and pore size decreased with the increase in the EG concentration.
Phylogenetic Analysis of ftsZ in Wolbachia: Implications for Host Specificity Rovik, Anwar; Rahayu, Ayu
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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Wolbachia are the most prevalent and successful endosymbiont in invertebrates and are categorized into 21 supergroups based on genetic phylogeny. The filamenting temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) protein is essential for bacterial cell division and is hypothesized to play a role in Wolbachia's control of host reproduction. However, despite FtsZ's importance, little is known about its diversity and function within Wolbachia. This study investigated the variability of the FtsZ-encoding gene among Wolbachia strains and their hosts. FtsZ gene sequences were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, and representative sequences were randomly selected from each host species and analyzed for phylogenetic relationships. A total of 1–10 sequences for each of the Wolbachia strains infecting the various hosts were included in the analysis. The ftsZ gene sequences ranged from 450 to 970 base pairs, with a consensus sequence of 520 base pairs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed substantial genetic divergence in the ftsZ gene among Wolbachia strains from different host species. In contrast, Wolbachia strains within the same host species exhibited a lower level of genetic variation, which indicates that the gene pool within populations is relatively homogeneous.
Pharmaceutical Innovation Through Computational Drug Design: A Comprehensive Exploration Chandramouli, Manasa; Surendra, Madhusudhan Heggadadevanakote
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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Chemical biology and computer-aided drug design (CADD) are crucial for identifying and optimizing lead molecules in drug development. Chemical biology is employed to determine the biological function of the target and the mode of action of a chemical modulator. At the same time, in CADD, promising candidate medications are identified based on the structure of the target or known bioactive ligands. Structure-based and ligand-based drug designs should be used in tandem, and their integration with experimental methods can considerably accelerate drug design. Furthermore, the use of CADD along with conventional experimental approaches increases the efficiency and accuracy of the discovery and optimization of possible drug candidates. CADD provides information on the interactions between pharmaceuticals and their target molecules, with recent advances in CADD methodologies—such as artificial intelligence and machine learning—revolutionizing the field. Thus, CADD is expected to notably accelerate the development of novel, efficient treatments for a range of illnesses.
Isolation and Selection of Bacillus spp. as Candidate Probiotics for Use in Chickens Adawiah, Adilah; Wiryawan, Komang Gede; Meryandini, Anja
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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The growth rate of chickens can be improved by using probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics. Bacillus spp. as probiotics are particularly beneficial due to ability to form spores, which remain stable as commercial products over extended periods. This study aimed to isolate and select Bacillus spp. from Jasinga soil as probiotic candidates for chickens. A total of 15 isolates obtained of these, 12 were identified as Bacillus spp based on microscopic observations and screening test including ascertaining hemolysis, protease, amylase, and cellulase activities. Only six isolates exhibited gamma hemolysis and the ability to hydrolyze proteins, starch, and cellulose. Isolates BTJ1.1, 1.2, 1.4, and 2.3 poliferated in 0.3% bile salts. BTJ1.1, 1.2 and 2.3 also exhibited antimicrobial activity and sensitivity to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and rifampicin. BTJ1.1 and 2.3 were highly hydrophobic, a key probiotic trait. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that BTJ1.1 and 2.3 were >99% similar to B. amyloliquefaciens strain B54 and B. subtilis strain ASI3, respectively, highlighting their potential as probiotics.
Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Nypa fruticans for Coating Metformin on Zn-Based Metal-Organic Framework Nanohybrid as a Bionanocomposite Drug Delivery System Delviani, Delviani; Maharani, Viola Giary Rizkillah; Shadrina, Putri Nur; Warni, Tri; Azizah, Regina Wan; Tarigan, Indra Lasmana; Latief, Madyawati
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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Diabetes is a common and rapidly spreading disease that affects 6.6% of the world’s population. Metformin hydrochloride (HCl) is an effective oral pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients because of its capability to reduce glucose levels and the risk of hypoglycaemia. However, gastrointestinal sensitivities to this drug can cause diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and stomach ache. An alternative is controlled release technology by coating metformin with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and zinc-metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) through the encapsulation method. Therefore, this study aimed to coat metformin formulations using CMC in a Zn-MOF to control release into the body and minimise the side effects related to doses. The results showed that CMC/metformin@Zn-MOF encapsulation had a controlled blood sugar lowering effect and stable healing effectiveness even at a low concentration of 1:10 of local metformin. In vitro, the released concentrations from local metformin tablets and CMC/Metformin@Zn-MOF were 199.50 ppm of 500 ppm and 42.182 ppm of 50 ppm, with release percentages of 39.90% and 84.364%, respectively. This study found that metformin masking using CMC and Zn-MOF maximally produced a modified release formula along the intestine by reducing the concentration to increase tolerability in lowering blood sugar effectively for T2DM patients with minimal side effects.
Removal of heavy metals from motorcycle washing wastewater using a zeolite-embedded sheet Takarina, Noverita Dian; Ambarsari, Hanies; Pramudyawardhani, Sekar Arum; Rahmawati, Maria Fatima Niken Kris; Johan, Erni; Matsue, Naoto; Adidharma, Mohammad Afdhal
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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The increased use of motorcycles for transportation has heightened environmental challenges related to their washing, particularly the discharge of untreated wastewater containing heavy metals, such as copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), into drainage systems. This study explored the effectiveness of zeolite-embedded sheets (ZESs) in the removal of these pollutants from motorcycle washing wastewater. ZESs were prepared through treatment of nonwoven sheets with Linder Type A (LTA Zeolite) powder and heat treatment, washing, and drying. Characterization was performed via scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Over a 60 min adsorption period, the ZES achieved removal efficiencies of 40% for Cu after 30 min and 70% for Pb after 60 min. The results confirm that ZESs are a promising adsorbent for heavy-metal remediation and particularly effective for lead removal in motorcycle washing wastewater.
Effects of Aloe Vera/Chitosan Ratios on the Tensile Properties of Aloe Vera/Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibrous Membranes for Wound Care Dressing Sosiati, Harini; Rahman, Abdul; Sahputra, Kelvin Kurniawan; Ibnul Fatoni, Miftahul Faruq
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 2
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Chitosan (CS) and Aloe vera (AV) are functional and antibacterial materials compatible with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which confers medical and healthcare potential. This study prepared and then characterized the influence of CS/AV ratios on the tensile properties of CS/AV/PVA nanofibrous membranes for wound care dressing materials. The CS/AV/PVA membranes were fabricated using an electrospinning technique at varying AV/CS/PVA volume ratios: 0:0:100, 0:20:80, 5:15:80, 10:10:80, 15:5:80, and 20:0:80. All membranes were subjected to tensile testing as per the ASTM 882 standard, and the nanofiber’s morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Changes in the tensile strength related to the formation of the nanofiber morphology were evaluated to select the potential membranes for applications and then compared to those of commercial adhesive bandages. The addition of 20% CS to PVA (0:20:80) decreased the tensile properties. However, the addition of AV to CS/PVA increased the tensile strength and strain but decreased the tensile modulus. Further, the 15AV/5CS/80PVA and 20AV/PVA (20:0:80) nanofibrous membranes exhibited superior tensile properties than other membranes and commercial adhesive bandages. Based on its tensile properties and double antibacterial agent content, the nanofiber membrane of 15AV/5CS/80PVA is suggested as a potential membrane for wound care dressings.

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