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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Published by Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26563088     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Novel drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Natural Chemistry, Polymer Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, social pharmacy, pharmaceutical marketing, government policies related to pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, Medical Biotechnology, Biochemistry, food chemistry, health and applied sciences relevant to the field of pharmacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) accepts manuscripts in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) with titles and abstracts in bilingual, both Indonesian and English. We accept article manuscripts in the form of original research, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. We do not accept articles in the form of case reports
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 885 Documents
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Aktivitas Anti Jerawat Ekstrak Etanol Biji Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels) dalam Sediaan Emulgel Misrahanum Misrahanum; Rena Novita Rezeki; Hilda Maysarah
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1436

Abstract

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels) contains antibacterial compounds and can be formulated into an emulgel form. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of ethanolic extract from jamblang seeds, develop emulgel formulations, and evaluate their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The extraction was performed using 96% ethanol through maceration, followed by phytochemical screening and antibacterial testing using the well diffusion method. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. Antibacterial testing of jamblang seed extract against S. aureus and S. epidermidis at various concentrations demonstrated significant inhibition. The emulgel formulations were prepared using jamblang seed extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, with 3% HPMC as the gelling agent. The emulgel exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with the largest inhibition zones observed in the 15% formulation (F3), measuring 21.44 ± 0.21 mm against S. aureus and 19.02 ± 0.60 mm against S. epidermidis. Stability tests showed that the organoleptic properties and homogeneity remained stable. The pH, viscosity, adhesion, and spreadability tests met the criteria for quality preparations, and irritation tests showed no adverse skin reactions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post-hoc test, indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) in antibacterial activity among all emulgel formulations. In conclusion, Formula F3 (15% extract) showed the best antibacterial activity and met all physical evaluation parameters, confirming that the jamblang seed emulgel is a high-quality and safe formulation. A paired t-test showed all parameters were statistically significant (p > 0.05).
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Buah Murbei Hitam (Morus nigra L.) sebagai Antijerawat Yola Desnera Putri; Susi Sulastri; Deby Tristiyanti; Adit Andriyannto
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1471

Abstract

Acne is one of the most common skin disorders affecting various age groups, particularly adolescents, and is caused by inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicles associated with bacterial proliferation. The primary bacteria involved in acne pathogenesis are Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). This study aimed to formulate an anti-acne gel containing ethanol extract of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruit and to evaluate its antibacterial activity. The black mulberry fruit was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol. The resulting extract was formulated into a Carbopol 940-based gel at three different concentrations: 1.25% (F1), 2.5% (F2), and 5% (F3). The formulated gels were evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method, and skin irritation using the Draize method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of black mulberry fruit exhibited antibacterial activity against P. acnes and S. epidermidis, with inhibition zone diameters of 12.0 ± 0.90 mm and 12.8 ± 0.59 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 1.25%, indicating strong antibacterial activity. After formulation into a gel, the highest antibacterial activity was observed in Formula 3 (F3) after 28 days of storage, with inhibition zone diameters of 15.1 ± 0.06 mm against P. acnes and 15.3 ± 0.10 mm against S. epidermidis. All formulations met the required physical evaluation parameters and showed no signs of irritation in a preliminary Draize irritation test during the observation period. Therefore, the ethanol extract of black mulberry fruit has the potential to be developed as a topical anti-acne gel with antibacterial activity against P. acnes and S. epidermidis.
Pengaruh Terapi Atorvastatin terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik dengan Diabetes Melitus yang Dirawat di Rumah Sakit Dwi Evi Diyan Sari; Erni Anika Sari; Faizatul Fitria; Hariyani Hariyani; Krisogonus Ephriono Seran; Shofiatul Fajriyah; Yogi Bhakti Marhenta; Alissya Okta Nanda Agustina
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1481

Abstract

Background: The use of atorvastatin in patients with stroke as a primary preventive therapy may be associated with an increased risk of elevated blood glucose levels. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on changes in blood glucose levels in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods: An analytical observational study with a retrospective design was conducted among 28 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke at Bhayangkara Hospital, Kediri City, from March to April 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised patients aged >15 years, with a history of diabetes mellitus, receiving atorvastatin therapy, and having available blood glucose data before and three days after treatment initiation. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro–Wilk test to assess normality and the paired sample t-test to evaluate changes in blood glucose levels. Results: A total of 64,29% of patients experienced an increase in blood glucose levels; however, statistical analysis demonstrated no significant difference between blood glucose levels before and after atorvastatin administration (231.64 ± 99.039 vs 231.50 ± 61.425 mg/dL; Δ = −0.14 mg/dL; p= 0.993). Conclusion: Atorvastatin therapy was not associated with statistically significant changes in random blood glucose levels. However, the high proportion of patients with increased blood glucose warrants further prospective investigation.
Standardization and Antioxidant Activity Test of Karamunting Leaf Extract (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Using the DPPH Method Haryoto Haryoto; Ahmad Fauzi; Herda Ariyani; Danang Raharjo; Erlinda Novita Sari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1484

Abstract

Introduction: Karamunting leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) are a typical plant of Kalimantan, empirically used by local communities as traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, dysentery, vaginal discharge, mouth ulcers, and to enhance immune function. The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and saponins in karamunting leaves indicates their potential as natural antioxidant agents. Standardization of simplicia and extracts is an essential prerequisite to ensure the quality, safety, and consistency of traditional medicinal raw materials in a scientific and measurable manner. Objective: This study aimed to standardize the 70% ethanol extract of karamunting leaves through specific and non-specific parameter testing and to evaluate its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Methods: Extraction was performed using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent for 24 hours. Standardization included specific parameter tests (organoleptic and phytochemical screening) and non-specific parameter tests (water content, drying loss, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, heavy metal contamination of Pb and Cd, as well as ethanol-soluble and water-soluble extractive values) in accordance with the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia (FHI) Edition II standards. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging method and expressed as the IC₅₀ value. Results: The karamunting leaf extract exhibited a thick consistency, green color, characteristic odor, and bitter taste. Phytochemical screening showed positive results for phenolic compounds (blue-black coloration with FeCl₃) and flavonoids (orange coloration with Mg/HCl). Non-specific parameter testing revealed water content of 15.05±0.36%, drying loss of 6.54±0.51%, total ash content of 3.40±0.31%, acid-insoluble ash content of 0.79±0.02%, and ethanol-soluble and water-soluble extractive values of 98.52% and 96.60%, respectively. No Pb and Cd heavy metal contamination was detected. The antioxidant activity assay yielded an IC₅₀ value of 54.63±1.97 ppm, which falls into the strong antioxidant category, although it remained lower than vitamin C (IC₅₀=8.80±1.27 ppm). Conclusion: The karamunting leaf extract has met the quality parameter requirements according to FHI standards and demonstrates significant potential as a source of natural antioxidants. Further research is required for the identification of specific active compounds, quantitative heavy metal analysis using AAS, and in vivo activity testing to confirm its efficacy and safety.
Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis: Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Pengobatan pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Multidrug-Resistant Mega Novitasari; Hidayah Karuniawati
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1502

Abstract

Introduction: Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a disease caused by resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a leading cause of death worldwide. Several factors influence treatment outcomes in MDR-TB patients. Objective: This study aims to analyze factors that play an important role in the treatment outcome of MDR-TB patients. Methods: The method used in this study was a systematic literature review with quantitative data. The literature used in this study was obtained through online searches using reputable databases, namely Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar with covering articles from 2020 to 2025. Results: A total of 8 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this systematic review. Treatment success rates for MDR-TB patients in several countries ranged from 54,1% to 84.74%. Factors associated with treatment outcome included gender, age, education level, distance to treatment center, body mass index (BMI), time to diagnosis more than 30 days, delayed culture conversion time more than 2 months, history of previous TB treatment, comorbidities, extent of lung lesions and bronchiectasis, and drug side effects. Conclusion: The success rate of MDR-TB treatment in across countries still varies. The success of MDR/RR-TB treatment is influenced by a combination of demographic, clinical, social, and healthcare access factors. Factors such as younger age, good nutritional status, higher education level, and adequate access to healthcare services have been shown to increase the likelihood of treatment success. Conversely, treatment failure (outcome failure) is influenced by the presence of comorbidities, older age, previous treatment history, drug resistance, adverse effects of therapy, delayed diagnosis, and low patient adherence. Early identification of risk factors is essential for optimal management and increased success of MDR-TB treatment.
Bakteri Endofit dari daun Katarak (Hippobroma longiflora) : Sumber Potensial Senyawa Antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Arfiandi Arfiandi; Budi Setiawan; Citra Maisy Dian Pratiwi
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1521

Abstract

Background: The increasing resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to conventional antibiotics has intensified the search for alternative and more sustainable sources of antibacterial agents. One promising strategy involves the exploration of endophytic bacteria inhabiting medicinal plants, such as Hippobroma longiflora (commonly known as katarak leaves). Objective: This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from Hippobroma longiflora leaves and evaluate their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Methods: Isolation was carried out through surface sterilization of the leaves using 70% Etanol and 2% Sodium hypochlorite, followed by cultivation on Nutrient Agar. The resulting isolates were subcultured and grown in Nutrient Broth to facilitate the production of secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method, and the inhibition zones were measured. Results: The endophytic bacterial isolates demonstrated antibacterial activity, with an average inhibition zone of 10.15 mm, which was classified as strong. In comparison, chloramphenicol exhibited a significantly larger inhibition zone of 28.52 mm, while the negative control showed no inhibitory effect. Conclusion: These findings suggest that endophytic bacteria isolated from Hippobroma longiflora have potential as a source of antibacterial compounds. However, further optimization and detailed characterization are necessary to enhance their applicability.
Formulasi dan Uji Karakterisasi Fisikokimia Gel Ekstrak Ranting Patah Tulang (Euphorbia tirucalli) Nadya Ambarwati; Fajar Jamaluddin Sandhori; Annah Hubaedah
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1525

Abstract

Euphorbia tirucalli L. twigs contain various secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, which have potential antibacterial activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of Euphorbia tirucalli twig extract on the physicochemical characteristics of gel formulations. Three gel formulations containing 15% (F1), 20% (F2), and 25% (F3) extract were prepared and evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, homogeneity, and irritation potential. Quantitative data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that all formulations produced homogeneous, semi-solid gels with a soft texture and did not cause skin irritation. The pH values ranged from 5.14 ± 0.193 to 5.67 ± 0.011, which were within the physiological skin pH range. The spreadability values ranged from 5.08 ± 0.310 to 5.19 ± 0.209 cm, meeting the acceptable criteria for topical gel preparations. All formulations exhibited good adhesiveness, with adhesion times exceeding 4 seconds (4.45 ± 1.673 to 4.46 ± 1.075 seconds). Statistical analysis indicated that variations in extract concentration had no significant effect on pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, homogeneity, or irritation parameters, with all p-values greater than 0.05. However, increasing extract concentration resulted in a visually darker gel color. In conclusion, all gel formulations fulfilled the physicochemical requirements for topical preparations, and extract concentrations ranging from 15% to 25% did not significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of the gel, indicating their potential for further development as a natural topical dosage form.
Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga Dengan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Filariasis Di Kabupaten Aceh Utara Cut Nana; Rizka Sofia; Wizar Putri Mellaratna
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1544

Abstract

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and B. timori infection, leading to permanent lymphatic dysfunction with lymphedema and hydrocele as major complications. This chronic condition significantly impairs patients' quality of life (QoL), necessitating adequate family support for disease management and psychosocial adaptation. North Aceh Regency represents one of the highest filariasis-endemic areas in Aceh Province, Indonesia, yet empirical evidence on the relationship between family support and QoL among filariasis patients in this specific cultural context remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family support and quality of life among lymphatic filariasis patients in North Aceh Regency, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2023 involving 54 filariasis patients selected through total sampling from 21 sub-districts in North Aceh Regency. Data were collected using the Perceived Social Support from Family (PSS-Fa) questionnaire and the WHOQoL-BREF instrument through structured interviews. Statistical analysis employed Fisher's exact test to examine the association between family support and QoL, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: The majority of respondents were of productive age (66.7%), female (59.3%), and employed (61.1%). Family support was predominantly strong (70.4%), while overall QoL was mostly moderate (48.1%). Dimensional analysis revealed good physical health (42.6%) and psychological (46.3%) domains, whereas social (44.4%) and environmental (63.0%) domains were moderate. Fisher's exact test demonstrated a significant relationship between family support and quality of life (p=0.000), with 70.3% of respondents with strong family support reporting good-to-moderate QoL compared to only 3.7% with weak family support. Conclusion: There is a significant positive association between family support and quality of life among filariasis patients in North Aceh Regency. Strengthening family-based support systems may serve as an effective strategy to improve QoL outcomes in filariasis-endemic communities, particularly within the socio-cultural context of Acehnese society.
Sintesis Nanopartikel Minyak Atsiri Gardenia Menggunakan Lapisan Pelindung PolimerPeg-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil Dan Karakterisasinya Mario Epindonta; Horasdia Saragih
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1547

Abstract

This study focused on the preparation of Gardenia essential oil nanoemulsions using PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil (PEG-40 HCO) as a surfactant through an atomization method to evaluate the effect of oil concentration on the physical characteristics and electrokinetic properties of the resulting system. Four oil volumes, namely 4, 6, 8, and 10 mL in 80 mL of water, were used as precursors and subsequently analyzed to determine particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), electrophoretic mobility, and zeta potential. The results showed that increasing oil concentration tended to increase the average particle diameter. The obtained PDI values were relatively low; however, their interpretation was conducted cautiously because the system exhibited a bimodal particle size distribution. The zeta potential values ranged from −2.3 to −7.8 mV, while the electrophoretic mobility values ranged from −0.000017 to −0.000060 cm²/Vs. These results indicate changes in particle surface characteristics with increasing essential oil concentration. The characteristics of the resulting nanoemulsion suggest that PEG-40 HCO plays a role in the formation and dispersion of oil droplets in an aqueous medium. Overall, the findings indicate that PEG-40 HCO has potential for the preparation of Gardenia essential oil nanoemulsions with particle sizes in the nanometer range and relatively favorable size distribution characteristics, making them promising for further development in water-based perfume formulations and other cosmetic applications. However, the long-term stability of the system still requires further stability evaluation.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Mimosa Pudica Terhadap Penurunan Jumlah Blastocystis sp. Pada Tikus Wistar Model Diare Akut Yanti Rahayu; Nuzulia Irawati
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1548

Abstract

Introduction: Blastocystis sp. infection is a prevalent cause of gastrointestinal disorders, contributing to acute diarrhea through inflammatory mechanisms and intestinal mucosal damage. Although metronidazole remains the standard antiparasitic therapy, its use is constrained by side effects and variable efficacy, underscoring the need for safer and more effective alternative treatments derived from natural sources. Mimosa pudica is known to contain bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids, which exhibit antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of Mimosa pudica leaf extract on reducing parasite numbers in a Wistar rat model of acute diarrhea induced by Blastocystis sp. Methods: Leaf extracts were prepared using ethanol as a solvent and were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and phytochemical screening. An in vivo test was conducted in 40 male Wistar rats, divided into six groups: a negative control, a positive control, two metronidazole-treated groups (9 and 13.9 mg), and two extract-treated groups (40 and 80 mg). The primary parameters observed included parasite count in fecal samples, stool consistency, and motor activity. Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids in the extract. FTIR spectra revealed functional groups such as hydroxyl (–OH), carbonyl (C=O), and aliphatic groups (C–H), which are characteristic of bioactive polyphenolic compounds. In vivo results demonstrated that Mimosa pudica extract significantly reduced Blastocystis sp. burden and improved clinical conditions, including stool consistency, in a dose-dependent manner. The 80 mg dose exhibited the highest efficacy, with 80% of samples becoming parasite-free by day 7 of treatment. Conclusion: The findings indicate that Mimosa pudica extract exhibits significant antiparasitic activity against Blastocystis sp. and shows potential as a therapeutic agent for treating protozoan infections, particularly in the context of acute diarrhea. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms and to evaluate its safety and clinical applicability.

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