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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Published by Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26563088     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Novel drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Natural Chemistry, Polymer Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, social pharmacy, pharmaceutical marketing, government policies related to pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, Medical Biotechnology, Biochemistry, food chemistry, health and applied sciences relevant to the field of pharmacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) accepts manuscripts in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) with titles and abstracts in bilingual, both Indonesian and English. We accept article manuscripts in the form of original research, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. We do not accept articles in the form of case reports
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 885 Documents
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Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Toksisitas Akut Kombinasi Ekstrak Biji Kebiul (Caesalpinia Bonduc (L.) Roxb) Dan Bajakah Jie Xue Teng (Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn) Serta Formulasi Kapsul Yohana Laura Silfia Pora; Sapto Yuliani; Nurfina Aznam; Sri Mulyaningsih
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1306

Abstract

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases, necessitating effective and safe sources of natural antioxidants. The plants kebiul (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.) and bajakah jie xue teng (Spatholobus suberectus Dunn) are known to possess antioxidant potential; however, the activity of their combination has not been extensively reported. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity, acute toxicity, and capsule formulation of a combination of 70% ethanol extracts of kebiul seeds and bajakah jie xue teng. Methods: Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while antioxidant activity was assayed using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method. Extract combinations at ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 were tested to obtain the lowest IC₅₀ value. An acute toxicity test was conducted on female Swiss mice following the OECD 423 (Acute Toxic Class) guideline at doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight. The combination with the best antioxidant activity was then formulated into capsules and evaluated for physical quality. Results: The total phenolic content of bajakah jie xue teng extract (47.499 mg GAE/g) was higher than that of kebiul seed extract (16.554 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant activity of kebiul seed extract and bajakah jie xue teng extract showed IC₅₀ values of 125.271 ppm and 86.036 ppm, respectively. The extract combination at a 1:3 ratio exhibited the best antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 36.434 ppm, which was superior to the 1:1 (78.371 ppm) and 3:1 (52.889 ppm) ratios. The acute toxicity test revealed no signs of toxicity or mortality up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW, classifying the combination as Category 5 (unclassified) with an estimated LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg BW. The capsule formulation met the physical quality requirements, with granule moisture content of 6.13%, an angle of repose of 24°, weight uniformity within the specified limits, and a disintegration time of 11 minutes and 12 seconds. Conclusion: The combination of kebiul seed and bajakah jie xue teng extracts at a 1:3 ratio demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than the single extracts, exhibited a very low acute toxicity profile, and was successfully formulated into capsules with good physical quality. This combination holds promise for development as an effective and safe natural antioxidant source.
Analisis Kadar Senyawa Bioaktif dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Beras Hitam (Oryza sativa L. indica) dan Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) Imelda Afriana Putri; Any Guntarti; Sapto Yuliani; Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1312

Abstract

Introduction: Excessive free radicals can induce oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases, necessitating the availability of effective antioxidants. Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) are recognized as rich sources of bioactive compounds with prospective antioxidant properties. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the bioactive compound content and antioxidant activity of black rice and mung bean extracts. Methods: Extraction was performed using maceration with 80% ethanol containing 3% citric acid for black rice and 70% ethanol for mung bean. Total anthocyanin and total polyphenol contents were determined in black rice extract, while total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were analyzed in mung bean extract. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. Results: Black rice extract exhibited total anthocyanin content of 0.802 ± 0.009 mg/g and total polyphenol content of 7.798 ± 0.178 mg GAE/g. Mung bean extract demonstrated total polyphenol content of 15.113 ± 0.396 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content of 11.052 ± 0.243 mg QE/g. The DPPH assay revealed IC₅₀ values of 3.252 ± 0.269 ppm for vitamin C, 76.692 ± 2.250 ppm for black rice extract, and 102.130 ± 2.268 ppm for mung bean extract. Conclusion: Black rice extract exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to mung bean extract, as indicated by its lower IC₅₀ value. Both extracts demonstrated moderate to strong antioxidant potential, suggesting their promising application as natural antioxidant sources for functional food development.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nilam (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) Dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazil) Mawar Rahma Putri; Nerly Juli Pranita Simanjuntak; Novitaria Br Sembiring
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1350

Abstract

Introduction: The skin, as the outermost organ of the human body, is continuously exposed to environmental factors, particularly sunlight and free radicals, which can induce oxidative stress leading to skin tissue damage and premature aging. Consequently, topical antioxidants are essential for skin protection. Patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) are known to contain flavonoid compounds with potential antioxidant properties. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity of patchouli leaf ethanol extract in lotion formulations using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Methods: This experimental research involved plant determination, extraction of patchouli leaves using the maceration method with 96% ethanol, phytochemical screening, formulation of lotion preparations with varying extract concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%), physicochemical evaluation of the lotion formulations (including organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, and spreadability), and antioxidant activity assessment using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The antioxidant activity was expressed as IC₅₀ values, calculated through linear regression analysis. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids/steroids in the ethanol extract. All lotion formulations demonstrated good physical stability and met the required quality standards for topical preparations, with pH values within the skin-friendly range (4.5-6.5), homogeneous texture, appropriate viscosity (2,000-50,000 cps), and adequate spreadability (5-7 cm). The ethanol extract of patchouli leaves exhibited very strong antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 0.011 µg/mL, while the formulated lotion maintained considerable antioxidant potential with an IC₅₀ value of 19.11 µg/mL. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of patchouli leaves possesses significant antioxidant activity and can be successfully formulated into a stable lotion preparation that retains its radical-scavenging properties. These findings suggest that patchouli leaf extract holds promising potential for development as a natural antioxidant active ingredient in topical cosmetic products, offering a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants for skin protection against oxidative stress.
Evaluasi Aktivitas Antidiabetes In Vivo dari Fraksi Etil Asetat dan n-Heksana Ekstrak Kulit Kayu Raru (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) pada Model Tikus Diabetes yang Diinduksi Aloksan Rio Sinar Parsaoran Simanullang; Roy Indrianto Bangar; Astriani Natalia Br. Ginting
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1358

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with continuously increasing global prevalence, driving the search for safer and more effective alternative therapies based on natural ingredients. Raru bark (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) has been traditionally used as an antidiabetic agent, yet scientific evidence supporting the efficacy of its specific fractions remains limited. Methods: This laboratory experimental study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of raru bark ethanol extract in alloxan-induced male Wistar rats (n=3 per group). Extraction was performed using maceration method with 96% ethanol, followed by sequential liquid-liquid fractionation. Simplicia characterization included determination of water content, total ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, as well as water-soluble and ethanol-soluble extractive values. Phytochemical screening was conducted qualitatively, while blood glucose levels were measured periodically over 14 days and analyzed using one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: Simplicia characterization met the requirements of the Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopoeia with water content of 9.99%, total ash content of 1.78%, and acid-insoluble ash content of 0.19%. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated more significant blood glucose reduction (318→95 mg/dL) compared to the n-hexane fraction (312→160 mg/dL) over the 14-day observation period, with a final mean value approaching that of the positive control (80.00±11.66 mg/dL). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among treatment groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of raru bark extract exhibited superior in vivo antidiabetic activity compared to the n-hexane fraction in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models, correlating with the content of semi-polar compounds such as flavonoids and phenolics. The ethyl acetate fraction shows potential for development as a natural-based antidiabetic agent.
Pengembangan Acne patch Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urban) sebagai Sediaan Anti-Acne Setia Budi; Tuti Alawiyah; Malisa Ariani
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1384

Abstract

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin condition where prolonged use of synthetic antibacterials can lead to bacterial resistance, necessitating natural alternatives. Centella asiatica extract, rich in triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids, exhibits antibacterial activity against acne-causing bacteria. Objective: This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical properties and in vitro penetration of an acne patch containing C. asiatica extract using a combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 and ethyl cellulose polymers. Methods: The extract was obtained by 96% ethanol maceration and formulated into three patch formulas with varying polymer ratios (PVP K30:ethyl cellulose = 100:300, 200:200, and 300:100 w/w). All patches were prepared using the solvent casting method. Evaluations included organoleptic properties, homogeneity, thickness, folding endurance, moisture content, weight uniformity, and in vitro penetration using a Franz diffusion cell. Results: All formulations produced homogeneous, transparent patches with uniform thickness (approx. 1 mm). However, all formulas exhibited poor mechanical properties, with folding endurance values (<30 folds) far below the required standard (>300 folds). Moisture content (21.7-23.3%) exceeded the recommended limit (<10%), indicating potential instability. Furthermore, the cumulative in vitro penetration of the active compound through rat skin was very low (0.001-0.004 µg/cm²) over 180 minutes. Conclusion: The C. asiatica extract acne patches demonstrated acceptable basic physical characteristics (homogeneity, thickness). However, they require significant optimization to improve mechanical strength, reduce moisture content, and enhance drug penetration before being considered a viable anti-acne preparation.
Uji Efektivitas Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Buah Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Terhadap Histopatologi Dan Penanda Inflamasi Pada Tikus Putih Yang Diinduksi Gentamicin Superman Jaya Hulu; Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis; Hariyadi Dharmawan Syahputra
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1397

Abstract

Background: Kidney disease remains a major global health problem, one of which is associated with the use of nephrotoxic drugs such as gentamicin. Gentamicin induces renal damage through oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms. Muntingia calabura L. fruit contains bioactive compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic substances, which are believed to have nephroprotective properties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effectiveness of Muntingia calabura fruit extract on renal histopathological changes and inflammatory markers in gentamicin-induced rats. Methods: This experimental laboratory study employed a post-test only control group design. A total of 25 male white rats were divided into five groups: negative control (0.5% CMC-Na), positive control (gentamicin 80 mg/kg BW), and three treatment groups receiving gentamicin 80 mg/kg BW combined with graded doses of Muntingia calabura fruit extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW) orally for 7 days. Renal histopathology was examined using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, while serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Administration of Muntingia calabura fruit extract significantly reduced IL-6 levels and improved renal histopathological features compared to the positive control group (p < 0.05). The nephroprotective effect increased in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest dose (200 mg/kg BW) showing renal conditions closest to normal. Conclusion: Muntingia calabura fruit extract has potential as a natural nephroprotective agent against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through inhibition of inflammatory response as indicated by decreased IL-6 levels.
Profil Oral Hygiene Index–Simplified (OHI‑S) dan Kadar Interleukin‑1β Saliva sebagai Biomarker Inflamasi pada Pasien dengan Gingivitis Bobby Bobby; Netti Suharti; Nila Kasuma
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1420

Abstract

Introduction: Gingivitis represents the initial stage of periodontal disease, primarily induced by dental plaque accumulation and characterized by gingival inflammation. Salivary interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has emerged as a key inflammatory biomarker in periodontal pathology. However, studies specifically examining the association between oral hygiene status and salivary IL-1β levels in adolescents with gingivitis remain limited in the Indonesian population. Objective: This study aimed to describe the Oral Hygiene Index–Simplified (OHI‑S) profile and salivary IL‑1β levels, and to analyze their correlation in adolescent patients with gingivitis. Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted involving 36 gingivitis patients aged 15–18 years in Padang City, selected through purposive sampling. Oral hygiene status was assessed using OHI‑S, while unstimulated whole saliva was collected to measure IL‑1β levels via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate approaches; Pearson correlation test was applied to evaluate the relationship between OHI‑S and IL‑1β with a significance level set at p<0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 15.97±1.03 years, with the majority categorized as middle adolescence (15 years). Only 8.3% of subjects demonstrated good OHI‑S, whereas 66.7% were classified as fair and 25% as poor, indicating substantial plaque and calculus accumulation. A moderate, positive, and statistically significant correlation was observed between OHI‑S scores and salivary IL‑1β levels (r=0.536; p=0.001), suggesting that poorer oral hygiene corresponds to elevated gingival inflammatory activity reflected by increased IL‑1β. Conclusion: Predominantly fair‑to‑poor oral hygiene among adolescents with gingivitis is significantly associated with elevated salivary IL‑1β levels. Salivary IL‑1β demonstrates potential as a non‑invasive inflammatory biomarker that can be integrated with OHI‑S for comprehensive assessment of gingival inflammatory status and for developing targeted preventive strategies against periodontal disease progression in adolescent populations.
Uji Efektivitas Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Buah Kersen (Muntingia calabura L) Terhadap Kadar Kreatinin Pada Tikus Putih Yang Diinduksi Gentamicin Femy Cecilia Marbun; Asyrun Alkhairi Lubis; Edy Fachrial
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1422

Abstract

Introduction: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is widely used for severe Gram-negative bacterial infections but poses a significant risk of nephrotoxicity, characterized by elevated serum creatinine levels. Muntingia calabura L. (cherry fruit) contains bioactive compounds with potential nephroprotective properties. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of cherry fruit extract on serum creatinine levels in gentamicin-induced white rats. Methods: An experimental post-test only control group design was employed using 25 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: normal control (K1), gentamicin control (K2), and treatment groups receiving gentamicin plus cherry fruit extract at doses of 100 (K3), 200 (K4), and 400 (K5) mg/kgBW. Gentamicin (100 mg/kgBW/day) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days, while the extract was given orally for the same period. Serum creatinine levels were measured using the Jaffe method and analyzed using One-way ANOVA. Results: Serum creatinine levels in the gentamicin control group were 0.64 ± 0.09 mg/dL, while treatment groups K3, K4, and K5 showed levels of 0.62 ± 0.09, 0.61 ± 0.06, and 0.59 ± 0.10 mg/dL, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among groups (p > 0.05). A dose-dependent decreasing trend was observed, with the 400 mg/kgBW dose showing the lowest creatinine level, approaching the normal control value (0.55 ± 0.05 mg/dL). Conclusion: Cherry fruit extract demonstrated a tendency toward nephroprotective effects, indicated by dose-dependent reduction in serum creatinine levels; however, the effect was not statistically significant. Further research incorporating additional parameters, including BUN, renal histopathology, and oxidative stress biomarkers, is necessary to confirm its nephroprotective potential.
Pengaruh Konseling Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Kepatuhan Pada Pasien Asma Di Poliklinik Paru RSUD dr. Rasidin Padang Edri Rovi; Hansen Nasif; Yelly Oktavia Sari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1423

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and narrowing, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and wheezing. The prevalence of asthma remains high both globally and nationally, resulting in significant health and economic burdens. Pharmacist counseling has been shown to play an important role in improving patients’ knowledge and medication adherence, thereby supporting disease control and preventing recurrence. This study employed a pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The research sample consisted of 68 outpatient asthma patients from the pulmonary polyclinic selected using purposive sampling technique. Patients’ knowledge was assessed using the Asthma General Knowledge Questionnaire (AGKQ), while medication adherence was measured using the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-10). Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the Chi-Square or Fisher’s Exact test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The results indicated that pharmacist counseling significantly improved both knowledge and medication adherence among asthma patients (p = 0.000). However, no statistically significant relationship was found between knowledge and adherence at the pretest stage (p = 0.119) or the posttest stage (p = 1.000), which may be attributed to data homogeneity following counseling. In conclusion, pharmacist counseling is effective in enhancing knowledge and medication adherence in asthma patients. Therefore, counseling should be routinely implemented as part of clinical pharmacy services to support optimal asthma control.
Uji Efektivitas Nefroprotektif Ekstrak Buah Kopi (Coffea Arabica L) Terhadap Perubahan Morfologi Ginjal dan Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF- α) pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Gentamisin Maria Ulfah Siregar; Asyrun Alkhari Lubis; Hariyadi Dharmawan Syahputra
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1424

Abstract

Background: Gentamicin is a nephrotoxic antibiotic that induces kidney damage through oxidative stress and elevated TNF-α levels. Coffee fruit (Coffea arabica L.) contains bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and chlorogenic acid with potential nephroprotective effects. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nephroprotective efficacy of coffee fruit extract on renal morphological changes and TNF-α levels in gentamicin-induced rats. Methods: An experimental randomized group design was employed using 30 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: normal control, negative control (gentamicin 100 mg/kgBW), and three treatment groups receiving gentamicin plus coffee fruit extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kgBW. Parameters assessed included renal histopathological changes (HE staining) and serum TNF-α levels (ELISA). Results: Administration of coffee fruit extract significantly improved renal tubular morphology and reduced TNF-α levels compared to the negative control group (p<0.05). The most protective effect was observed at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW. Conclusion: Coffee fruit extract exhibits nephroprotective activity against gentamicin-induced kidney injury, as evidenced by improved histological structure and reduced TNF-α levels, suggesting its potential as a natural agent for preventing nephrotoxicity.

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