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Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Published by Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien
ISSN : -     EISSN : 26563088     DOI : https://doi.org/10.36490/journal-jps.com
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) with e-ISSN: 2656-3088 is a scholarly peer-reviewed open access journal related to Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, biotechnology, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacy practice, Pharmacogenomics, Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Pharmacology, Novel drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Natural Chemistry, Polymer Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacoepidemiology, clinical pharmacy, community pharmacy, social pharmacy, pharmaceutical marketing, government policies related to pharmacy, pharmaceutical care, Medical Biotechnology, Biochemistry, food chemistry, health and applied sciences relevant to the field of pharmacy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences (JPS) accepts manuscripts in Indonesian Language (Bahasa Indonesia) with titles and abstracts in bilingual, both Indonesian and English. We accept article manuscripts in the form of original research, literature reviews, and systematic reviews. We do not accept articles in the form of case reports
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 885 Documents
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Efektivitas Terapi Antikoagulan terhadap Parameter Koagulasi pada Pasien Stroke Iskemik: Studi Retrospektif di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Suci Wulansari; Dedy Almasdy; Najmiatul Fitria
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1607

Abstract

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, with anticoagulant therapy being the primary choice for secondary prevention in specific cases. However, scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy in the Indonesian population remains limited. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy based on changes in coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, INR) and their association with clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang. Methods: This retrospective analytical observational study included 68 ischemic stroke patients who received anticoagulant therapy (January–December 2024). Effectiveness was assessed by changes in PT, APTT, and INR before and after treatment using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: Anticoagulant therapy significantly increased PT, APTT, and INR values in most treatment groups (p<0.05), with no significant differences among anticoagulant types (p>0.05). Patients with mortality outcomes showed higher increases in coagulation parameters, but a significant association was only found for changes in APTT (p=0.033). Conclusion: Anticoagulant therapy effectively affects coagulation parameters in ischemic stroke patients, and increased APTT after therapy is associated with mortality. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Aktivitas Antijamur Nanopartikel Zinc Oxide (ZnO) yang Disintesis Menggunakan Ekstrak Kulit pinang Muda (Areca catechu L.) terhadap Candida albicans Arlimawati Pakpahan; Vera Estefania Kaban; Astriani Natalia Br Ginting
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1610

Abstract

Introduction: Infections caused by Candida albicans continue to pose serious clinical problems, largely due to increasing resistance to conventional antifungal drugs and the limited availability of therapeutic options. Therefore, the development of novel, effective, and safe antifungal agents using nature-based nanotechnology approaches is urgently needed. Objective: This study aimed to synthesize Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using a green synthesis method with aqueous extract of young areca nut peel (Areca catechu L.) and to evaluate their antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Methods: The research procedures included raw material and extract characterization, functional group identification using FTIR, ZnO nanoparticle synthesis, and antifungal activity testing using the well diffusion method at concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 125, 250, and 500 mg/mL. Data were analyzed using SPSS at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles exhibited inhibitory activity against Candida albicans at all tested concentrations. The inhibition zone diameter increased from 12.1 ± 0.65 mm at the lowest concentration to 20.2 ± 1.14 mm at the highest concentration. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among concentrations (p < 0.05), indicating a clear dose-response relationship.Conclusion: ZnO nanoparticles biosynthesized using young areca nut peel extract possess significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans and have the potential to be developed as an environmentally friendly alternative agent for managing fungal infections. However, further characterization is required to confirm the physicochemical properties of the resulting nanoparticles
Optimasi Formula Kombucha Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Dalam Sediaan Sabun Mandi Cair Dengan Metode Factorial design Agma Beladina Gita Anggara Dewi; Suprapto Suprapto
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1614

Abstract

Introduction: Natural-based liquid soap has gained increasing interest as a multifunctional skin cleanser with antibacterial properties. Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins that exhibit antibacterial potential, which can be enhanced through fermentation into kombucha. Objective: This study aimed to optimize the formulation of butterfly pea flower kombucha liquid soap using a factorial design method and to evaluate its physical stability and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Methods: Optimization was performed using a 2² factorial design with a center point assisted by Design-Expert® software, with variations in kombucha fermentation time (7, 10.5, and 14 days) and kombucha concentration (20%, 30%, and 40%). The response parameters optimized included pH, viscosity, and foam stability. The optimum formula was evaluated for physical stability using a freeze-thaw cycling method for 6 cycles and tested for antibacterial activity against S. aureus using the well diffusion method. Results: The optimum formula was obtained at a fermentation time of 10.5 days and a kombucha concentration of 20%, yielding a desirability value of 0.874. The optimized formulation exhibited a pH of 5.23 ± 0.15, viscosity of 1674.0 ± 8.76 cP, and foam stability of 73.67 ± 1.53%. Verification experiments confirmed that the observed values fell within the 95% prediction interval, validating the model. Physical stability testing demonstrated no significant changes in organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, or foam stability after 6 freeze-thaw cycles. The optimum formula showed strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus with an average inhibition zone diameter of 13.67 ± 0.29 mm. Conclusion: The optimized butterfly pea kombucha liquid soap formulation possesses excellent physical characteristics, good stability, and promising potential as a natural antibacterial cleanser.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Keji Beling (Sericocalyces crispus) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa Muahmmad Yunus; Razoki Razoki; vira Friska
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1618

Abstract

Skin infections caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain a global health challenge, particularly due to the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance. The development of topical formulations derived from natural products represents a potential alternative strategy. Keji beling leaves (Sericocalyces crispus) are known to contain secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate keji beling leaf extract into a gel preparation and evaluate its antibacterial activity. The 96% ethanol extract of keji beling leaves was obtained using the maceration method and subsequently formulated into gel preparations at extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent. The physical properties of the gels were evaluated through organoleptic, pH, and spreadability tests. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was assessed using the disc diffusion method by measuring the inhibition zone diameter. The results showed that all gel formulations exhibited good physical characteristics, with pH values ranging from 4.44 to 5.71 and spreadability within the acceptable range for topical preparations. The gel preparations demonstrated antibacterial activity against both test bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters increasing in proportion to the extract concentration. The formulation containing 15% extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (mean inhibition zone diameter of 9.50 mm against P. aeruginosa), although it remained lower than that of the positive control. In conclusion, keji beling leaf extract gel possesses favorable physical characteristics and shows potential for further development as a natural-based topical antibacterial agent, particularly at a concentration of 15%.
Studi In-Vivo Potensi Ekstrak Daun Akway (Drimys cf. piperita) Sebagai Antihiperglikemia Risanyel Elsan Tuturop; A. M. Muslihin; Lukman Hardia
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1623

Abstract

Background : Hyperglycemia is a metabolic condition characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels above normal limits and is the main characteristic of diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease with a prevalence that continues to increase in various countries. The akway plant (Drimys cf piperita.) is endemic to the Sorong Mountains, Southwest Papua . Its leaves are known to contain various bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Purpose: This study aims to test the ability of akway leaf extract to lower blood sugar levels in vivo in white mice that were previously raised glucose levels through glucose solution. Method : This study design is an experimental laboratory with five treatment groups, namely negative control (Na-CMC 0.5 mg), positive control (glibenclamide 3 mg), and three groups of akway leaf extracts, each at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Hyperglycemia was induced for 7 days using a glucose solution. Blood glucose measurements were performed at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes using a glucometer. Data analysis used One-Way ANOVA followed by a post -LSD test. Results: Akway leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW provided the highest reduction in blood glucose, namely 54.24%, which was statistically significant (<0.05) and even better than glibenclamide (51.15%). Meanwhile, a dose of 400 mg/kBW actually produced lower effectiveness (45.85%). Implications: Akway leaf extract has been proven to have antihyperglycemic activity with an optimal dose of 200 mg/kgBW.
Sitotoksisitas Ekstrak Daun Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Sel Vero Mastuti Widianingsih; M. Rofi Putra Bani; Putri Amalia
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1624

Abstract

Robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora) contain various bioactive compounds that may serve as natural antioxidants and potential phytopharmaceutical agents. The objective of this research to evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract of robusta coffee leaves and to determine the relationship between antioxidant activity and cell viability. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated on Vero cells using the MTT assay over a concentration range of 31.25-500 µg/mL. Vitamin C and doxorubicin were used as positive controls. The ethanol extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 22.456 µg/mL, while vitamin C showed an IC50 value of 4.217 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated low toxicity toward Vero cells, with an IC50 value of 1512.857 µg/mL, whereas doxorubicin exhibited an IC50 value of 60.052 µg/mL. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between antioxidant activity and Vero cell viability (r = −0.93, p = 0.024). Despite this correlation, cell viability remained above 100% at all tested concentrations, indicating the absence of cytotoxic effects on normal mammalian cells. These findings suggest that the ethanol extract of robusta coffee leaves possesses potent antioxidant activity while maintaining a favorable safety profile, supporting its potential to be futher development as a source of  natural antioxidants and phytopharmaceutical candidate.
Kejadian Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) Pada Pasien HIV dengan koinfeksi Tuberkulosis di Rumah Sakit Rujukan Jawa Tengah, Indonesia Maulida Arifiani; Zakky Cholisoh
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1629

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) co-infection necessitates complex combination therapy using antituberculosis drugs (ATD) and antiretroviral therapy (ARV), significantly increasing the risk of drug-related problems (DRPs). However, data on DRPs patterns among TB-HIV patients in Indonesian referral hospitals remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to identify and describe the types and prevalence of DRPs among TB-HIV outpatients at a referral hospital in Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: A descriptive observational study with a retrospective approach was conducted using medical records of TB-HIV outpatients from January 2024 to December 2025. A total of 111 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected using total sampling. DRPs were identified based on Cipolle's classification, covering indication, effectiveness, safety, and adherence-related problems. Results: Most patients were male (66.7%), adults (71.2%), received the HRZE regimen (91.0%), received TDF+3TC+EFV antiretroviral therapy (53.2%), and were in the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment (91.0%). The majority experienced ≥3 DRPs (64.9%), with a mean of 2.98 DRPs per patient. The most prevalent DRPs were drug interactions reducing drug concentration or therapeutic effects (97.3%), followed by drug interactions increasing drug concentration or toxicity (62.2%), need for additional drug therapy (37.8%), and medication non-adherence (34.2%). Conclusion: DRPs were highly prevalent among TB-HIV patients, predominantly involving drug interactions that may reduce treatment effectiveness or increase toxicity. Routine therapeutic monitoring and clinical pharmacist-led medication reviews are essential to optimize treatment outcomes in TB-HIV patients.
Analisis Biaya Pengobatan Asma Anak Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Pemerintah di Yogyakarta Berdasarkan Tarif INA-CBG's Tahun 2023 Ingenida Hadning; Muhammad Aqil Faiq Akbar; Aris Widayati
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1630

Abstract

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children, affecting daily activities, growth, and quality of life. Recurrent treatment imposes a considerable economic burden on families and healthcare providers. The Indonesian government implements the Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBG) payment system within the National Health Insurance (JKN) program to control healthcare costs. Objective: This study aimed to analyse direct medical costs and evaluate the conformity between actual treatment costs and INA-CBG tariffs in 2023 for pediatric outpatient asthma patients at a public hospital in Yogyakarta. Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted using medical records and cost data of pediatric asthma outpatients at RS Paru Respira Yogyakarta from January 2024 to September 2025. Samples were selected through total sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate direct medical costs, while conformity with INA-CBG tariffs was analysed using a one-sample t-test and a Wilcoxon test. Results: A total of 79 patients with 290 outpatient visits were analysed. The average actual costs were Rp248,953 for Q-5-44-0 (n=243), Rp383,490 for J-3-13-0 (n=28), and Rp406,506 for J-3-16-0 (n=19). Medication costs accounted for the largest component (42-52%). Significant differences were found between actual costs and INA-CBG tariffs for all codes (p<0.05). Actual costs exceeded tariffs for codes Q-5-44-0 and J-3-13-0 but were lower for code J-3-16-0. The total negative difference reached Rp14,282,904. Conclusion: There is a significant discrepancy between actual treatment costs and INA-CBG tariffs for pediatric outpatient asthma care in 2023. Medication costs represent the largest component of treatment expenditures. These findings indicate the need for continuous evaluation of the INA-CBG payment system and healthcare cost management strategies to improve efficiency while maintaining service quality.
Hubungan Kadar Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 pada Cairan Serebrospinal dan Serum terhadap Derajat Keparahan dan Luaran Pasien Meningitis Tuberkulosis Sonia Hardianti; Yuliarni Syafrita; Fanny Adhy Putri; Syarif Indra; Restu Susanti; Reno Bestari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1632

Abstract

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of tuberculosis associated with high mortality and neurological morbidity. Disease severity strongly influences outcome; however, reliable biological predictors remain limited. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a proteolytic enzyme involved in neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption, and it has been reported to be elevated in both the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of TBM patients. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between MMP-9 levels and the severity and outcome of TBM patients. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design involving TBM patients treated at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, from January to December 2024. CSF and serum MMP-9 levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Disease severity was assessed using the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) criteria, and outcomes at 14 and 60 days were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. A total of 41 TBM patients were included in the study. The mean CSF MMP-9 level was 2,034.40 ng/L, while the median serum MMP-9 level was 1,490.14 ng/L. The analysis showed no significant association between CSF MMP-9 levels and disease severity (p = 0.276), 14-day outcome (p = 0.269), or 60-day outcome (p = 0.375). Serum MMP-9 levels were likewise not associated with disease severity (p = 0.248), 14-day outcome (p = 0.224), or 60-day outcome (p = 0.138), but they still showed an increasing pattern in patients with a fatal outcome. CSF and serum MMP-9 levels had no significant association with the severity and outcome of TBM patients. These findings suggest that a single MMP-9 measurement is insufficient as a clinical predictor, so a multibiomarker and longitudinal approach should be considered.
Studi Aktivitas Antioksidan Hasil Fermentasi Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) Dan Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) Yessi Febriani; Salman Salman; Dewi Lestari
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1634

Abstract

Introduction: Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) are recognized as sources of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic and flavonoid compounds, which have potential antioxidant activity. Fermentation processes may improve the bioactive components of coffee, while the addition of andaliman may enhance its antioxidant potential. However, information regarding the antioxidant activity of fermented Arabica coffee combined with andaliman in various formulations remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of fermented Arabica coffee with the addition of andaliman in various formulations using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Methods: An experimental study was conducted using six formulations consisting of F0 (control), F1, F2, F3, F4, and F5 with different amounts of andaliman addition. Phytochemical screening was performed to identify secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH method at sample concentrations ranging from 5 to 25 ppm, while vitamin C was used as a positive control at concentrations of 0.3–0.7 ppm. The sample and DPPH solution were incubated for 30 minutes in a dark condition, and absorbance was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The percentage of inhibition and IC₅₀ values were calculated using linear regression analysis. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds in fermented Arabica coffee with andaliman addition. Antioxidant evaluation demonstrated that all formulations exhibited very strong antioxidant activity. The IC₅₀ values obtained were 28.09 µg/mL for F0, 26.90 µg/mL for F1, 22.10 µg/mL for F2, 17.49 µg/mL for F3, 21.79 µg/mL for F4, and 23.71 µg/mL for F5, while vitamin C showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.08 µg/mL. Formula F3 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, indicated by the lowest IC₅₀ value among all formulations. Conclusion: Fermentation of Arabica coffee with the addition of andaliman produced very strong antioxidant activity. Formula F3 was identified as the optimal formulation and has potential to be developed as a functional beverage based on local ingredients. Further studies regarding product stability and in vivo antioxidant activity are recommended.

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