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INDONESIA
FENOMENA: Journal of Social Science
ISSN : 14125439     EISSN : 26567369     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35719/fenomena.v22i2
Core Subject : Social,
Aims, Focus And Scope A. Aims: FENOMENA is a leading peer-reviewed and open-access journal, which publishes scholarly works of researchers and scholars from around the world and specializes in the Social Sciences. The journal also has a strong interest in the scientific development of theory that is of global significance. B. Focus: This journal focuses on publishing the highest quality scientific articles emphasizing contemporary Asian issues with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. C. Scope: This journal seeks to publish articles that deal with educational development, politics, law, humanities and cultural studies, and economic issues in Asia. Its scope consists of: 1. Education (Curriculums, Teaching, and Learning, Islamic Education, Educational Technology); 2. Politics (Structure and Agency in Social Dynamics, the Role of Government and Non-Governmental Organizations, Concepts and Practical Sociology, Islamic Politics, Government and Public Administration); 3. Law (Human Rights, Social Justice, Islamic Law, Criminal Law, International Relations, Civil Law, Constitutional Law, Customary Law); 4. Humanities and Cultural Studies (Cultural Studies as a Constitutive field, Religion Studies, Islamic Studies, Philosophy, Ethics, Consciousness, Cross-cultural studies, Theology, Psychology, Spirituality, Human Geography, Anthropology, Local Wisdom); 5. Economics (Business and Entrepreneurship, Management, Accounting, Public Finance, Economic Development, and Islamic Economics).
Articles 444 Documents
The Cultural Relations of Water in Remote South Australian Towns Wadham, Ben; Willis, Eileen; Pearce, Meryl
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.458

Abstract

Water is a natural resource that is becoming increasingly scarce, and declining rainfall forces communities to adapt to living in drought and significantly different environmental and social conditions. In remote residential areas of South Australia, water tends to be the only natural resource used daily, requiring them to pay attention to their relationship with water, access, and adequacy. These are the issues that need consideration. However, lifestyles, identity, sense of belonging, and community have been shaped by the presence of water in daily habits. Water also becomes a social issue, and its management arises in cultural relations. Air adalah sumber alam yang semakin jarang ditemukan, dan penurunan curah hujan menyebabkan masyarakat harus beradaptasi untuk hidup dalam kekeringan, serta kondisi lingkungan dan sosial yang sangat berbeda. Pada perumahan penduduk di Australia Selatan yang terpencil, air cenderung sebagai satu-satunya sumber alam yang dipergunakan sehari-hari sehingga mengharuskan mereka memperhatikan hubungan mereka terhadap air, akses, serta kecukupannya. Inilah hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan. Akan tetapi, gaya hidup, identitas, rasa memiliki, dan komunitas telah sedemikian terbentuk dengan adanya air dalam kebiasaan setiap orang. Air juga menjadi masalah sosial, dan pengaturannya timbul dalam hubungan budaya.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Home Schooling: Studi tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Alternatif (Home Schooling) di Kabupaten Jember: Community Perceptions of Home Schooling: A Study on the Implementation of Alternative Education (Home Schooling) in Jember Regency Rodliyah, St.
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.459

Abstract

Nowadays, education development in Indonesia is enriched with the trend of home schooling. This familiar and efficient education method has been widely discussed by mass media, even though it has actually emerged for a long time. What do you think of home schooling? In home schooling, it does not mean that Indonesian children become lazy students or just relax at home. In line with the development of knowledge, especially in education, there are some learning methods which can be applied efficiently and even practically, one of which is home schooling. Nevertheless, can home schooling also give positive influence to the children’s mental? The people who run for home schooling system usually have their own community, in which they can socialize with each other. Even so, the term home schooling does not always mean that the children have to study at home. Perkembangan pendidikan di Indonesia saat ini diperkaya dengan tren home schooling. Metode pendidikan yang familiar dan efisien ini telah dibahas secara luas oleh media massa, meskipun sebenarnya telah muncul sejak lama. Bagaimana pandangan Anda tentang home schooling? Dalam home schooling, tidak berarti anak-anak Indonesia menjadi siswa yang malas atau hanya bersantai di rumah. Sejalan dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, terutama dalam pendidikan, terdapat beberapa metode pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan secara efisien dan praktis, salah satunya adalah home schooling. Namun, apakah home schooling juga dapat memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap mental anak? Orang-orang yang menerapkan sistem home schooling biasanya memiliki komunitas sendiri, di mana mereka dapat bersosialisasi. Namun, istilah home schooling tidak selalu berarti anak harus belajar di rumah.
Agama dan Implikasi Sosial: Studi atas Realitas Keberagamaan Masyarakat di Desa Sempol, Kecamatan Sempol, Kabupaten Bondowoso: Religion and Social Implications: A Study on the Religious Reality of Society in Sempol Village, Sempol District, Bondowoso Regency Usuluddin, Win
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.460

Abstract

The focus of the study is investigating the social implications of religious teachings done by Sempol society. The significance is to describe religion as personal subjective reality as well as public-collective objective one represented in religious habit of community with religion in Sempol. It is expected to find adequate descriptive explanation the matter, which, in turn will find an adequate answer for the question of whether or not religion is able to be one of the medium to create ‘bonnum commune’ for Sempol society. Studies on social action indeed cannot be conducted only by observing verbal action or social behavior patterns presented by the object of research although it is certainly a must. There is also another thing that should be done shortly after the researcher find the object of the research that is a contemplation of the facts behind the ‘physical’ reality as well as verbal action in order to capture the meanings behind the social action. Therefore, reflecting on the observation’s and dialog’s result with the research’s object can not be ignored. Furthermore, to support the analysis, this research used a common method in qualitative research such as: description, holism, hermeneutics, and critical reflection. Finally, the study comes to the conclusions that: religion for people in Sempol village, with its various rituals has become a trigger for the social dynamics as well as one aspect forming an integrated society. From sociological perspective, such religious phenomenon is very positive, especially related to the establishment of harmonious society prioritizing and evoking the spirit of togetherness in the development and changes of social life. Religion, hence, has become a moral power and one of the means for achieving the common welfare, even more than that, religion has become one of the powers of the common good (bonum commune). Fokus penelitian ini adalah menyelidiki implikasi sosial dari ajaran agama yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Sempol. Signifikansinya adalah untuk menggambarkan agama sebagai realitas subjektif pribadi sekaligus realitas objektif umum-kolektif yang tercermin dalam kebiasaan religius komunitas beragama di Sempol. Diharapkan dapat ditemukan penjelasan deskriptif yang memadai atas masalah tersebut, yang pada gilirannya akan menemukan jawaban yang memadai atas pertanyaan apakah agama mampu menjadi salah satu medium untuk menciptakan ‘bonnum commune’ bagi masyarakat Sempol. Studi tentang tindakan sosial memang tidak dapat dilakukan hanya dengan mengamati tindakan verbal atau pola perilaku sosial yang ditampilkan oleh objek penelitian meskipun hal tersebut tentu harus dilakukan. Ada hal lain yang juga harus dilakukan segera setelah peneliti menemukan objek penelitian, yaitu kontemplasi atas fakta-fakta di balik realitas ‘fisik’ maupun tindakan verbal untuk menangkap makna di balik tindakan sosial. Oleh karena itu, refleksi atas hasil observasi dan dialog dengan objek penelitian tidak dapat diabaikan. Lebih lanjut, untuk mendukung analisis, penelitian ini menggunakan metode umum dalam penelitian kualitatif seperti: deskripsi, holisme, hermeneutika, dan refleksi kritis. Akhirnya, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa: agama bagi masyarakat di desa Sempol, dengan berbagai ritualnya, telah menjadi pemicu dinamika sosial sekaligus salah satu aspek pembentuk masyarakat yang terintegrasi. Dari perspektif sosiologis, fenomena keagamaan seperti ini sangat positif, terutama terkait dengan terciptanya masyarakat harmonis yang mengutamakan dan membangkitkan semangat kebersamaan dalam perkembangan dan perubahan kehidupan sosial. Agama, dengan demikian, telah menjadi kekuatan moral dan salah satu sarana untuk mencapai kesejahteraan bersama, bahkan lebih dari itu, agama telah menjadi salah satu kekuatan untuk kebaikan bersama (bonum commune).
Partisipasi Politik Kiai NU dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Kabupaten Banyuwangi Tahun 2010: Political Participation of NU Kiai in the Regional Election of Banyuwangi Regency in 2010 Syamsudini, M.
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.461

Abstract

This research examines the political participation of NU kiai in the Banyuwangi Regional Election in 2010. The research subjects were selected purposively. The aim of this study is to describe the forms of NU kiai participation as religious elites. This topic is interesting because many NU kiai were directly or indirectly involved in politics in Banyuwangi in 2010, despite their agreement that NU as an organization should return to khithah as its struggle paradigm. Theoretically, the analysis of kiai participation in politics is discussed through several theoretical approaches. This research employs a qualitative approach to portray dynamic social phenomena. The findings indicate that the socio-political situation of Banyuwangi society during the 2010 Regional Election can be described as a community that dislikes violence, even when differing in ideology, and resolves issues peacefully. The participation of NU kiai in the 2010 Regional Election varied, including voting, political party membership, involvement in social organizations, youth organization training, and participation in festivals, workshops, and multi-party events. Penelitian ini mengangkat masalah tentang partisipasi politik kiai NU dalam Pemilukada Kabupaten Banyuwangi tahun 2010. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara purposif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk partisipasi kiai NU sebagai elite agama. Topik ini menjadi menarik karena banyak kiai NU yang terlibat secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dalam politik di Banyuwangi pada tahun 2010, meskipun mereka telah sepakat bahwa NU sebagai organisasi harus kembali ke khithah sebagai paradigma perjuangannya. Secara teoretis, analisis partisipasi kiai dalam politik akan dibahas melalui beberapa pendekatan teoretis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menggambarkan fenomena sosial yang dinamis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa situasi sosial politik masyarakat Banyuwangi dalam Pemilukada 2010 dapat digambarkan sebagai masyarakat yang tidak menyukai kekerasan, meskipun berbeda ideologi, dan menyelesaikan masalah secara damai. Partisipasi kiai NU dalam Pemilukada 2010 bervariasi, antara lain: pemberian suara, keanggotaan partai politik, keterlibatan dalam organisasi sosial, pembinaan organisasi kepemudaan, serta partisipasi dalam pawai, lokakarya, dan multi partai.
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi dalam Pembelajaran di SMP Bustanul Makmur Genteng Banyuwangi: Utilization of Information and Communication Technology in Learning at Bustanul Makmur Junior High School Genteng Banyuwangi Mundir, Mundir
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.462

Abstract

This case study aims at exploring the use of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching and learning process at Bustanul Makmur Junior High School Genteng Banyuwangi. Specifically, the research focuses on (1) the profile of Bustanul Makmur Junior High School, (2) the realization of the use of ICT in teaching and learning process at Bustanul Makmur Junior High School, (3) background or the motivation behind the use of ICT in teaching and learning process, (4) teachers’ and students’ responses toward the use of ICT in teaching and learning process, and (5) supporting factors and obstacles to the use of ICT in teaching and learning process. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) dalam proses pembelajaran di SMP Bustanul Makmur Genteng Banyuwangi. Secara khusus, penelitian ini berfokus pada (1) profil SMP Bustanul Makmur, (2) realisasi penggunaan TIK dalam proses pembelajaran di SMP Bustanul Makmur, (3) latar belakang atau motivasi di balik penggunaan TIK dalam proses pembelajaran, (4) tanggapan guru dan siswa terhadap penggunaan TIK dalam proses pembelajaran, dan (5) faktor pendukung dan penghambat penggunaan TIK dalam proses pembelajaran.
Dampak Deregulasi CAR No. 3/21/PBI/2001 terhadap Kinerja Bank Syariah di Indonesia (Studi Empiris pada Bank Muamalat Indonesia): The Impact of CAR Deregulation No. 3/21/PBI/2001 on the Performance of Sharia Banks in Indonesia (An Empirical Study at Bank Muamalat Indonesia) Mairijani, Mairijani
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.463

Abstract

To create a healthy, effective, and efficient banking system that is resistant to risks and consistently applies the prudential principle, Bank Indonesia issued CAR deregulation No. 3/21/PBI/2001, which emphasizes the achievement of a minimum capital adequacy ratio obligation of 8% (eight percent) by the end of 2001, in line with the agreement included in the BIS (Bank for International Settlements). This deregulation must also be adhered to by sharia banking, as sharia banking is part of the national banking system, yet it has its own characteristics and uniqueness. Furthermore, how this regulation affects Bank Muamalat Indonesia as one of the sharia banks automatically becomes a distinct issue that needs to be analyzed. Dalam upaya menciptakan perbankan yang sehat, efektif, dan efisien, serta tahan terhadap berbagai risiko dan selalu menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian, Bank Indonesia mengeluarkan deregulasi CAR No. 3/21/PBI/2001 yang menekankan pencapaian kewajiban rasio kecukupan modal minimum sebesar 8% (delapan persen) pada akhir tahun 2001, yang juga sejalan dengan kesepakatan yang tercantum dalam BIS (Bank for International Settlements). Deregulasi ini juga harus dipatuhi oleh perbankan syariah, karena perbankan syariah merupakan bagian dari perbankan nasional, meskipun perbankan syariah memiliki karakteristik dan keunikan tersendiri. Selanjutnya, bagaimana deregulasi ini memengaruhi Bank Muamalat Indonesia sebagai salah satu bank syariah secara otomatis menjadi masalah tersendiri yang perlu dianalisis.
Akuntabilitas Keuangan dan Implementasi Akuntansi Syariah pada Masjid-Masjid di Kabupaten Jember: Financial Accountability and Implementation of Sharia Accounting in Mosques in Jember Regency Rifa’i, Khamdan
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.464

Abstract

A mosque is a place for worship, such as reciting the Quran, zakat committee associations, social charity foundations, etc. To support these activities, good financial management is needed. The sharia accounting concept is hoped to be applied in such management. This research uses a multiple case study approach and descriptive qualitative analysis, aiming to reveal whether mosques in Jember use sharia accounting in their financial reports. The results show that the actual management of mosques in Jember still uses conventional management, and financial accounting is only used for financial report books. dan lain sebagainya. Untuk mendukung kegiatan tersebut, diperlukan manajemen keuangan yang baik. Konsep akuntansi syariah diharapkan dapat diterapkan dalam manajemen tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus ganda dan analisis kualitatif deskriptif, bertujuan untuk mengungkap apakah masjid-masjid di Jember menggunakan akuntansi syariah dalam laporan keuangan mereka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen masjid-masjid di Jember masih menggunakan manajemen konvensional, dan akuntansi keuangan hanya digunakan untuk pembukuan laporan keuangan.
Pendidikan Islam Multikultural Lokal di Indonesia: Studi Kasus Pendidikan Tradisional Surau di Minangkabau: Local Islamic Multicultural Education in Indonesia: A Case Study of Traditional Surau Education in Minangkabau Hanani, Silfia
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.465

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with multi-ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity. This diversity makes Indonesia dynamic, with both positive and negative implications. The negative implications include the potential for clashes, conflicts, and anarchy. To control this negative potential, multicultural education is one of the solutions—education that builds wisdom in understanding differences dynamically. However, multicultural education is considered a new concept in Indonesia. In fact, without our awareness, multicultural education has existed and developed in local education systems in Indonesia. One example can be seen in local Islamic education in Minangkabau. The local Islamic education conducted in small surau (prayer houses) in Minangkabau has introduced multicultural education. The local multicultural education in Minangkabau has at least fostered tribal and religious tolerance, integrating these two elements into the socio-cultural strength of the Minangkabau people, reinforced by the tribal philosophy of basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah. Based on this fact, religion and tribe coexist harmoniously. The local multicultural education built in small surau has proven capable of creating harmonious dynamics by connecting tradition and religion through a locally friendly approach. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan keberagaman etnis, budaya, dan agama. Hal ini menjadikan Indonesia dinamis dalam keberagaman dengan implikasi positif dan negatif. Implikasi negatifnya adalah potensi terjadinya benturan, konflik, dan anarki. Untuk mengendalikan potensi negatif ini, pendidikan multikultural menjadi salah satu solusinya, yaitu pendidikan yang membangun kebijaksanaan dalam memahami perbedaan secara dinamis. Namun, pendidikan multikultural dianggap sebagai hal baru di Indonesia. Padahal, tanpa disadari, pendidikan multikultural telah ada dan berkembang dalam pendidikan lokal di Indonesia. Salah satunya dapat dilihat dalam pendidikan Islam lokal di Minangkabau. Pendidikan Islam lokal yang dilaksanakan di surau-surau kecil di Minangkabau telah memperkenalkan pendidikan multikultural. Pendidikan multikultural lokal di Minangkabau setidaknya telah membentuk toleransi suku dan agama, sehingga kedua elemen tersebut terintegrasi dan menjadi kekuatan sosio-kultural masyarakat Minangkabau yang diperkuat melalui filosofi suku basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, agama dan suku berjalan berdampingan secara harmonis. Pendidikan multikultural lokal yang dibangun di surau-surau kecil telah terbukti mampu menciptakan dinamika yang harmonis karena dapat menghubungkan tradisi dan agama dengan pendekatan lokal secara ramah.
Muslim Moderat, Wacana Politik, dan Pertarungan Relasi Kuasa: Moderate Muslims, Political Discourse, and the Struggle for Power Relations Hasyim, Hafidz
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.466

Abstract

This research focuses on: (1) the ideas produced by moderate Muslims in Jember in relation to the ongoing “democratic celebration”; (2) the ideological tendencies in the discourse of moderate Muslims; and (3) the “local tricks” employed to transform political discourse to build civil society. This field research analyzes data obtained from field findings, supported by references such as books, journals, and other supporting materials. The study is qualitative in nature. Its aim is to uncover the meaning constructed by moderate Muslims through interpretation, hermeneutics, and discourse analysis based on observation, interviews, documentation, and textual study. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada: (1) gagasan‑gagasan yang dihasilkan oleh Muslim moderat di Jember sehubungan dengan “perayaan demokrasi” yang sedang berlangsung; (2) kecenderungan ideologis dalam wacana Muslim moderat; dan (3) “trik lokal” yang digunakan untuk mentransformasi wacana politik demi membangun masyarakat sipil. Penelitian lapangan ini mengolah data hasil temuan lapangan yang didukung oleh referensi berupa buku, jurnal, dan data pendukung lainnya. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif. Tujuannya adalah menemukan makna yang dibangun oleh Muslim moderat melalui interpretasi, hermeneutika, dan analisis wacana berdasarkan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, serta studi teks.
Politik Santri: Pemikiran dan Aksi (Studi Kasus Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng): Santri Politics: Thought and Action (A Case Study of Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School) Fanani, Zainul
Fenomena Vol 9 No 1 (2010): FENOMENA: Journal of the Social Sciences
Publisher : LP2M UIN KH.Achmad Siddiq Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35719/fenomena.v9i1.467

Abstract

This research is aimed at understanding the political thought and action of Tebuireng's santri from their own perspectives. Based on the emic perspective, the analysis unit is a social phenomenon that can be observed. This research focuses on understanding the world of santri themselves. The research has two assumptions: first, the choice and political tendencies of Tebuireng's santri are not subjected to critical "appreciation" or rational analysis. They "emerge" merely as "representatives" of a structural part with an extreme role. Their political understanding is not the result of pure creative "ijtihad." The second assumption, conversely, posits that their political behavior is an individual interpretation involving understanding and awareness that is not mechanical. Thus, it is no surprise that the same certain value could be heterogeneous at the level of understanding. In this case, the political social realism of santri was filled with subjective dimensions that were not singular but varied, depending on the diversity of subjective meanings at the level of the people involved in that politics. This theoretically oriented research draws on Giddens' structuration theory, which places structure as a "virtual order" and "generable procedure" that is also significant in observing Tebuireng's santri political action. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pemikiran dan aksi politik santri Tebuireng dari perspektif mereka sendiri. Berdasarkan perspektif emik, unit analisisnya adalah fenomena sosial yang terlihat. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemahaman dunia santri itu sendiri. Penelitian ini memiliki dua asumsi: pertama, pilihan dan kecenderungan politik santri Tebuireng tidak ditempatkan pada "apresiasi" yang kritis dan rasional. Mereka "hadir" hanya sebagai "wakil" dari bagian struktur dengan peran yang ekstrem. Pemahaman politik bukanlah hasil dari "ijtihad" kreatif yang murni. Asumsi kedua, sebaliknya, perilaku politik mereka merupakan interpretasi individu yang melibatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran yang tidak mekanistik. Oleh karena itu, tidak mengherankan jika nilai tertentu yang sama bisa menjadi heterogen pada tingkat pemahamannya. Dalam hal ini, realisme sosial politik santri dipenuhi oleh dimensi subjektif yang tidak hanya satu tetapi bervariasi, tergantung pada ragam makna subjektif pada tingkat orang-orang yang terlibat dalam politik tersebut. Penelitian yang berorientasi teoritis ini berasal dari teori strukturasi Giddens yang menempatkan struktur sebagai "tatanan virtual" dan "prosedur yang dapat digeneralisasikan" yang juga penting dalam melihat aksi politik santri Tebuireng.

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