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Dwi Endah Kusumawati
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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science
Published by Universitas Islam Sultan Agung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28096576     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
This journal accepts and publishes academic articles focusing on theory, methods, and applications in: 1) Pharmaceutical science 2) Biomedical science 3) Herbal medicine 4) Clinical pharmacy 5) Drug discovery
Arjuna Subject : Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (Lain-Lain)
Articles 52 Documents
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Formulasi Hand & Body Lotion dengan Minyak Biji Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Studi Inovatif Pelembab dan Antioksidan untuk Perawatan Kulit Suryani, Arman; Wahyuni, Tri
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i1.370

Abstract

Background: Exposure to free radicals can cause premature ageing, dryness, and damage to the skin. Tomato seed oil (Solanum lycopersicum L.) contains antioxidants, such as lycopene and essential fatty acids, potentially protecting the skin from oxidative stress. This study aims to develop a hand & body lotion formulation made from tomato seed oil as an innovation in skin care. Methods: This study was experimental and conducted by testing lotion formulations containing tomato seed oil. The products were tested using various parameters, including organoleptic test, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, adhesion, spreadability, antioxidant activity, and moisture. Results: The formulated hand & body lotion has a white colour, rose oil aroma, and thick texture. The homogeneity test showed consistent results, indicating a stable formulation. The lotion had a viscosity of 3408.7 ± 6.3 Cp, pH of 5.7 ± 0.2, spreadability of 15.1 ± 1.0 cm, and stickiness of 4.1 ± 0.1 seconds. The antioxidant activity IC50 was recorded at 18.03 ppm, and the treatment proved to significantly increase moisture, with significant differences on days 0, 3, and 7 (p<0.001), indicating the effectiveness and stability of the effect. Conclusion: Tomato seed oil-based hand & body lotion shows potential as an innovative product with antioxidant and moisturizing benefits. This formulation has good physical characteristics, maintains stability, is safe to use, and is well accepted.
Pengaruh Konsumsi Metformin terhadap Kejadian Anemia pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Nugroho, Fajar Prianto; Wisnuwardhani, Ratih Wirapuspita
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i1.377

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic situation which is indicated by blood sugar levels that is higher than normal values, encompassing two types: type 1 and type 2. Type  2, also known as non-insulin dependent type of diabetes mellitus, can be treated managed with oral  anti-diabetic drugs (OADs). Metformin is a routinely used medication for type 2 diabetes and  is associated with long-term vitamin B12 deficiency,potentially leading to anemia. This study aimed to study the impact on metformin usage on the occurrence of anemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Clinic in region S. Methods: This research employed a quantitative observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional data collection. The sample consisted of 62 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were taking metformin and were registered in the PROLANIS program at the Clinic in region S. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory.The Pearson test was used to analysed the data. Results: The findings of this study indicated that the distribution of blood hemoglobin levels within the normal range, with an average hemoglobin level of 12.6 grams/dL. The usage of metformin did not have an effect on blood hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: This study concluded that metformin usage does not impact hemoglobin levels in patiens with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A Natural Alternative: The Development and Testing of Herbal-Based Hand Sanitizers with Antibacterial Properties Wiranti, Iin; Hidayah, Nurul; Fardani, Nawa Naufa
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i2.378

Abstract

Background: Hand hygiene plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of infections, making effective hand sanitizers essential. However, concerns about skin irritation and microbial resistance associated with synthetic ingredients have increased the demand for natural, plant-based alternatives. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate plant-based hand sanitizers containing ethanol, lemongrass essential oil, and aloe vera gel for their organoleptic properties, pH, and antibacterial activity. Methods: The prepared formulations exhibited acceptable organoleptic characteristics, with variations in odor and texture based on essential oil and aloe vera concentrations. Results: The pH values of all formulations were within the skin-friendly range, ensuring safe application. Antibacterial testing against Escherichia coli demonstrated that formulations with higher ethanol and lemongrass oil concentrations exhibited the largest inhibition zone (13,67±0,58 mm), while aloe vera contributed to skin-conditioning properties. Although the formulations were effective, none surpassed the inhibition zone of the positive control. Conclusion: This study suggests that the prepared natural hand sanitizer gel with Aloe vera and lemongrass essential oil can be a potential alternative to enhance the antibacterial efficacy of hand sanitizers while maintaining user comfort.
Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien tentang Penggunaan Obat Kortikosteroid di Apotek Banyubiru Sehat Sholeh, Aries Badrus; Fatmasari, Heni; Tri Handayani, Setya
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i2.405

Abstract

Background: Corticosteroids are widely used medications with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. However, improper use without sufficient patient understanding can result in serious adverse effects, such as hypertension, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, and Cushing’s syndrome. Preliminary observations at Banyubiru Sehat Pharmacy revealed high levels of corticosteroid purchases without prescriptions or proper patient knowledge. This highlights the importance of assessing patients’ understanding to ensure rational use. Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at Banyubiru Sehat Pharmacy in May 2025. Data were collected from 75 patients who had previously used corticosteroids, selected through purposive sampling. A validated and reliable questionnaire was used to evaluate their knowledge. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and categorized into three levels: good (>75%), moderate (60–75%), and poor (<60%). Results: The majority of patients (66.67%) demonstrated a poor level of knowledge regarding corticosteroid use. Only 13.33% showed good understanding, while 20% had moderate knowledge. The average correct response rate was 46.4%. Most patients lacked awareness of the long-term risks and proper indications of corticosteroid therapy. Conclusion: Patients' knowledge of corticosteroid use at Banyubiru Sehat Pharmacy was predominantly low. Educational interventions, including counseling and informative materials, are needed to enhance patient awareness and promote safe, rational drug use.
Efficacy of 5% Sodium Chloride Therapy in Reducing Corneal Oedema After Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery Indrajati, Christina; Rahmawati, Atik; Suparmi, Suparmi
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i2.425

Abstract

Background: Cataract surgery using the phacoemulsification technique often results in postoperative corneal oedema, which impairs visual acuity and reduces patient satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 5% sodium chloride eye drops as an initial management for postoperative corneal oedema following phacoemulsification. Methods: This double-blind, multicenter randomised controlled trial involved 228 patients with senile cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification cataract surgery performed by a single experienced ophthalmologist. Patients underwent preoperative screening and were monitored on days 3 and 10 post-surgery. Visual acuity was measured using Snellen charts, and corneal oedema was clinically assessed with slit-lamp examination. Results: On day 3 post-surgery, the group treated with 5% sodium chloride demonstrated significantly better visual acuity than the control group (p=0.000). By day 10, no significant difference in visual acuity was observed between groups (p=0.413). Additionally, the incidence of corneal oedema was significantly lower in the sodium chloride group on days 3 and 10 (p=0.000). Conclusion: Topical 5% sodium chloride effectively reduces corneal oedema after phacoemulsification, resulting in clinical improvement and better early postoperative visual acuity.
Optimasi Formula Lip Balm Avocado Oil dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Cera Alba dan Lanolin menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) Sabiti, Farroh Bintang; Prabu R, Ginanjar; Lisan, Muhammad Fasihul
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i2.429

Abstract

Background: Avocado oil contains vitamins A, E, and D, which play a role in moisturizing, regenerating, and improving the condition of dry skin, making it more elastic and hydrated. In this study, avocado oil was formulated into a lip balm preparation with a combination of cera alba and lanolin as the base. Variations in the concentrations of cera alba and lanolin affect the physical properties of the lip balm; therefore, optimization of their concentrations is required. This study aimed to determine the optimum formula of avocado oil lip balm and the optimal concentrations of cera alba and lanolin used. Methods: A total of eight formulas were established using the Simplex Lattice Design method with the Design Expert 13 software and were prepared through the fusion method. Verification of the optimum formula was statistically analyzed using the One-Sample t-test with SPSS software. Results: The optimum formula was obtained at a proportion of 13.881% cera alba and 3.119% lanolin. The lip balm preparation of the optimum formula exhibited physical characteristics including yellow color, a distinctive oleum cacao odor, semi-solid consistency with good homogeneity, a pH value of 4.6267 ± 0.02517, adhesion time of 2.6267 ± 0.02082 seconds, and spreadability of 3.25 ± 0.25 cm. Conclusion: The avocado oil–based lip balm formulation tested has met the criteria of a good lip balm preparation.
Perbandingan Efektivitas Terapi Akupuntur dengan NSAID Terhadap Nyeri Low Back Pain (LBP) Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Rakit RSD KRMT Wongsonegoro Semarang Purnami, Islina Dewi; Kamal, Siti Habibah
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i2.439

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, often resulting in functional limitations and reduced quality of life. The condition may originate from spinal structures, muscles, nerves, or adjacent tissues. Acupuncture, a traditional therapy involving the insertion of fine needles at specific points, represents one non-pharmacological treatment option. For LBP, the commonly targeted points include Shensu (BL 23), Dachangshu (BL 25), and Weizhong (BL 40) bilaterally to alleviate pain. The objective of this study is to compare the therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in alleviating pain and improving functional outcomes in patients with LBP. Methods: This retrospective study compared the effectiveness of acupuncture and pharmacological therapy with NSAIDs in LBP patients at Wongsonegoro Hospital, Semarang. Medical records of 70 purposively selected patients were reviewed based on age, nonspecific LBP diagnosis, willingness to undergo therapy, and provision of informed consent. Acupuncture was administered four times at one-week intervals over a two-month period. Results: Acupuncture at BL 23, BL 25, and BL 40 demonstrated significant pain reduction. Wilcoxon test analysis yielded a significance level of 0.000 in both groups. In the NSAID group, 35 respondents experienced clinically meaningful improvement, whereas the acupuncture group showed a mean rank of 18.00, underscoring its effectiveness. Conclusion: Both NSAIDs and acupuncture were effective in reducing pain among LBP patients. Thibbun Nabawi acupuncture may be considered as a first-line or adjunctive therapy, particularly in patients with contraindications to NSAIDs or those opting for non-pharmacological interventions. Keywords: acupuncture; NSAID; LBP
Systematic Literature Review Potensi Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata.L) Sebagai Antijamur Pada Dermatofitosis Cahyani, Nur; Kusumawati, Dwi Endah
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i2.447

Abstract

Background: Indonesia has a tropical climate suitable for fungal growth. Some fungal species are flora that can cause diseases in humans, for example dermatophytosis. The ketepeng cina plant (Cassia alata L.) is empirically known to have various medicinal properties. Some of its benefits include treating worms, canker sores, constipation, tinea versicolor, ringworm, scabies, and reducing itching. The part often used as medicine is the leaves. This study, a literature review, aims to find substances found in ketepeng cina leaves that have antifungal activity on dermatophytosis, which fungi cause dermatophytosis that are inhibited, and the antifungal mechanisms of ketepeng cina leaves. Methods:This study applies a systematic literature review method with data collection using the PRISMA approach (Primary Reporting System for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). The search for articles in this study was conducted using the Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed databases, and after analysis, six relevant articles were obtained. Results: The analysis results show that ketepeng cina leaf extract is able to inhibit the growth of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton sp, Microsporum canis, and Malassezia globosa, fungi that cause dermatophytosis infections such as tinea pedis (athlete's foot), tinea cruris (eczema), tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) and tinea imbricata (ringworm / pile-up lesions). Conclusion: The active compounds that play a role in antifungal activity include anthraquinones, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The mechanism of action of these compounds includes damaging cell membranes, inhibiting the development of fungal hyphae, can suppress fungal growth, damaging fungal sterols which are the main layer of fungi, causing disruption of nutrient absorption needed for fungal growth, so that cells will enlarge and collapse, inhibiting the production of nucleic acids, proteins, and phospholipid membranes.
Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) terhadap Analisis Berat Badan Tikus yang Diinjeksi Streptozotocin Rahayu, Nila Rusdi; Badriyah, Lailatul; Mutripah, Siti
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i2.448

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a medical condition impacting the body's metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, stemming from issues with pancreatic endocrine hormones like insulin and glucagon. This study aimed to test the ability of ethanol extract from guava leaves to reduce blood glucose levels in rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ), and to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract on food consumption. Methods: This antidiabetic test was conducted on rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ) by measuring the increase in blood glucose levels and body weight in rats experiencing hyperglycemia. The experimental animals were split into four categories, and each category had six rats. The rats in Group I received regular sustenance, the rats in Group II were given CMC Na solution, the rats in Group III received 5mg/kg BW of gliclazide, and the rats in Group IV were administered 300mg of guava leaf extract. A 40mg/kg BW streptozotocin injection was given intraperitoneally on day 0. Blood glucose levels were assessed on days 7, 14, and 21. Data analysis used oneway Anova and followed by The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the blood glucose and body weight data. Results: The results of study showed On day 21, a significant difference was seen between the STZ-injected group with EEDJ extract treatment 300mg/kg bb and the STZ-injected group intraperitoneally and given Gliclazide 5 mg/kg BW (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference. Conclusion: Administration of EEDJ extract and gliclazide has shown a significant decrease in blood glucose levels and greatly prevent weight loss.
Effector Cytokine Profiles of Ex Vivo Expanded CTLs in Colorectal Cancer HCT-116 Cells Co-Culture Models Ibrahim, Sugeng; Putra, Agung; Hidayah, Nurul; Cahyani, Dini
Indonesian Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sultan Agung Islamic University of Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ijmps.v4i2.450

Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with limited benefit from conventional therapies in advanced disease. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs, CD8⁺ T cells) are critical mediators of anti-tumor immunity, primarily through direct cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion. However, the dual roles of CTL-derived cytokines, particularly interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in CRC progression remain incompletely understood. This study aims to analyze the cytokine profile (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) in a CTL–CRC cell direct co-culture model. Methods: CD8⁺ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CRC patients using magnetic negative selection and activated for 5 days with anti-CD3/CD28 beads and IL-2. Purity and viability were assessed by flow cytometry and morphology. Activated CTLs were co-cultured with the HCT116 CRC cell line at effector-to-target (E:T) ratios of 1:1, 5:1, and 10:1 under direct contact for 48 h. Supernatants were collected and cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6) were quantified using validated sandwich ELISA kits. Results: Direct co-culture with HCT116 cells significantly increased cytokine secretion in an E:T ratio-dependent manner. IFN-γ secretion rose from 3044.6±120 pg/mL at 1:1 to 4882.1±198 pg/mL at 5:1, plateauing thereafter. TNF-α levels remained relatively constant (628.6±67 pg/mL at 1:1 vs. 674.0±91 pg/mL at 10:1). IL-6, nearly undetectable at 1:1 (0.4±0.1 pg/mL), increased dose-dependently to 5.1±0.9 pg/mL at 10:1. Conclusion: Ex vivo expanded CTLs from CRC patients exhibit a distinct cytokine secretion profile characterized by robust IFN-γ release, stable TNF-α production, and a dose-dependent increase in IL-6 across different effector-to-target ratios.

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