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Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
Published by Universitas Malahayati
ISSN : 19783337     EISSN : 26207478     DOI : https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v18i10
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Nursing Public Health
Berisi kumpulan karya ilmiah dari peneliti diberbagai perguruan tinggi di Indonesia, di bidang ilmu kesehatan khususnya bidang ilmu keperawatan yang berdasarkan kepada kebutuhan pasien secara total meliputi: kebutuhan fisik, emosi, sosial, ekonomi dan spiritual. Adapun penelitiannya mencakup 4 aspek pokok, yakni: promotif, preventif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif. Jurnal terbit setiap bulan dan artikel ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia, untuk abstrak artikel ditulis dengan dua bahasa yaitu bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Indonesia.
Arjuna Subject : Keperawatan - Keperawatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 614 Documents
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Analisis perilaku “baku bawa” pada pasangan ibu hamil dengan HIV/AIDS di Papua Pratami, Yustika Rahmawati; Vitania, Wiwit; Hasnia, Hasnia; Astutik, Eftyaningrum Dwi Wahyu; Handayani, Endah Purwanti; Palino, Keryn Amanda
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 2
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2769

Abstract

Background: The shift in HIV test results in pregnant women from negative to positive during pregnancy indicates a gap in the implementation of the PMTCT program, primarily because HIV testing is generally only performed once on pregnant women and does not optimally involve partners. The practice of "baku bawa," or living together without formal marriage, which is quite common in Papua, has the potential to increase risky sexual behavior. Therefore, this study is important as a basis for strengthening PMTCT policies to prevent delays in addressing vertical HIV transmission. Purpose: To describe the "baku bawa" behavior of couples of pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS. Method: This mixed-methods study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach and a qualitative descriptive design with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). Results: There were 14 categories of quantitative analysis, and five themes were identified in the in-depth interviews in the qualitative study related to the behavior of couples with "baku bawa." Conclusion: The behavior of "baku bawa," or living together without formal marriage, among couples with pregnant women is associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission. This confirms that sexual behavior and relationship dynamics in the practice of "baku bawa" require attention in efforts to prevent HIV transmission, particularly in strengthening PMTCT programs through educational approaches, partner screening, and promotion of safe sexual behavior.   Keywords: Baku Bawa; Couples; HIV Testing; Pregnant Women; Sexual Behavior.   Pendahuluan: Perubahan hasil tes HIV pada ibu hamil dari negatif menjadi positif selama masa kehamilan menunjukkan adanya celah dalam pelaksanaan program pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke anak (PPIA), terutama karena tes HIV umumnya hanya dilakukan sekali pada ibu hamil dan belum melibatkan pasangan secara optimal. Praktik “baku bawa”, yaitu hidup bersama tanpa pernikahan formal yang cukup umum di Papua, berpotensi meningkatkan perilaku seksual berisiko, sehingga penelitian ini penting sebagai dasar penguatan kebijakan PPIA, guna mencegah keterlambatan penanganan penularan HIV secara vertikal. Tujuan: Untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku “baku bawa” pada pasangan ibu hamil dengan HIV/AIDS. Metode: Penelitian mix method dengan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan indepth interview dan FGD. Hasil: Terdapat 14 kategori analisis kuantitatif dan dan pada wawancara mendalam pada penelitian kualitatif terkait perilaku pasangan “baku bawa” ditemukan 5 tema. Simpulan: Perilaku “baku bawa” atau hidup bersama tanpa ikatan pernikahan formal pada pasangan ibu hamil memiliki keterkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko penularan HIV. Hal ini menegaskan, bahwa faktor perilaku seksual dan dinamika hubungan pasangan dalam praktik “baku bawa” perlu menjadi perhatian dalam upaya pencegahan penularan HIV, khususnya dalam penguatan program PPIA melalui pendekatan edukasi, skrining pasangan, dan promosi perilaku seksual yang aman.   Kata Kunci: Baku Bawa; Ibu Hamil; Pasangan; Perilaku Seks; Tes HIV.
Self-esteem dan regulasi emosi dalam pencegahan bullying pada anak usia sekolah dalam kerangka social emotional learning (SEL): Sebuah tinjauan literatur sistematis Jehan, Reisha Zahra Syah; Rahayu, Rita; Ahmad, Ghulam
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 2
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2914

Abstract

Background: Bullying is a form of repeated violence that seriously impacts adolescent mental health, with a global prevalence of approximately 30%. Self-esteem and emotion regulation act as risk and protective factors, while social emotional learning (SEL) approaches have potential as preventative strategies, but their integration remains limited. Purpose: To identify and evaluate the role of social emotional learning (SEL) in strengthening self-esteem and emotion regulation as a bullying prevention effort. Method: This was a systematic literature review, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Analysis used quantitative narrative synthesis and JBI quality assessment. A literature search was conducted through four databases: ScienceDirect, ERIC, Google Scholar, and PubMed. A total of 2,137 articles were identified, 79 duplicates were removed, and 1,872 were eliminated during initial screening. Of the 186 articles screened, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Self-esteem and emotion regulation were significantly associated with bullying behavior. Self-esteem positively influences emotion regulation and negatively influences bullying involvement, while bullying experiences negatively impact self-esteem and social adjustment. Emotion regulation also negatively impacts bullying behavior. Furthermore, Social Emotional Learning (SEL)-based interventions have been shown to improve social-emotional competence and decrease bullying behavior in students. Conclusion: Self-esteem and emotion regulation are key protective factors in reducing bullying, and strengthening them through SEL is effective as a school-based preventive strategy. Suggestion: Future research is recommended to use a more robust design, such as a longitudinal or experimental approach, to further analyze the relationship between self-esteem, emotion regulation, and bullying behavior.   Keywords: Bullying; Emotional Regulation; Self-Esteem; Social Emotional Learning.   Pendahuluan: Bullying merupakan kekerasan berulang yang berdampak serius pada kesehatan mental remaja, dengan prevalensi global sekitar 30%. Self-esteem dan regulasi emosi berperan sebagai faktor risiko dan protektif, sementara pendekatan social emotional learning (SEL) berpotensi sebagai strategi pencegahan, namun integrasinya masih terbatas. Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi peran social emotional learning (SEL) dalam penguatan self-esteem dan regulasi emosi sebagai upaya pencegahan bullying. Metode: Penelitian systematic literature review dengan mengacu pada pedoman PRISMA 2020. Analisis menggunakan sintesis naratif kuantitatif dan penilaian kualitas JBI. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui 4 basis data, yaitu ScienceDirect, ERIC, Google Scholar, dan PubMed, sebanyak 2,137 artikel teridentifikasi, 79 duplikat dihapus, dan 1,872 dieliminasi pada penyaringan awal. Dari 186 artikel yang diseleksi, tersisa 16 studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: Self-esteem dan regulasi emosi berhubungan signifikan dengan perilaku bullying. Self-esteem berpengaruh positif terhadap regulasi emosi dan negatif terhadap keterlibatan bullying, sementara pengalaman bullying berdampak pada penurunan harga diri dan penyesuaian sosial. Regulasi emosi juga berpengaruh negatif terhadap perilaku bullying. Selain itu, intervensi berbasis Social Emotional Learning (SEL) terbukti berdampak pada peningkatan kompetensi sosial-emosional serta penurunan perilaku bullying pada siswa. Simpulan: Self-esteem dan regulasi emosi merupakan faktor protektif utama dalam menurunkan bullying dan penguatannya melalui SEL efektif sebagai strategi preventif berbasis sekolah. Saran: Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan desain yang lebih kuat, seperti longitudinal atau eksperimental, agar hubungan antara self-esteem, regulasi emosi, dan perilaku bullying dapat dianalisis secara lebih mendalam.   Kata Kunci: Bullying; Regulasi Emosi; Self-Esteem; Social Emotional Learning.
Analisis implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat (STBM) pilar 1 Suryanti, Ratna; Joko, Tri; Darundiati, Yusniar Hanani; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani; Nurjazuli, Nurjazuli
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 2
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i2.2942

Abstract

Background: Environmental sanitation is a crucial factor influencing public health. However, open defecation (ODS) remains common and has the potential to pollute the environment and increase the risk of environmentally transmitted diseases. The Community-Based Total Sanitation (CTS) program is a government effort to encourage community behavior change through five sanitation pillars, one of which is Stopping Open Defecation (SBS). However, SBS achievement in Muara Wis District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, remains low, and not all villages in the area have achieved SBS status. Purpose: To analyze the implementation of the community-based total sanitation program, pillar 1. Method: This study used an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional design. This study focused on the implementation of STBM Pillar 1, namely bus stops for open defecation prevention, in seven villages (Enggelam, Lebak Cilong, Lebak Mantan, Melintang, Muara Enggelam, and Sebemban) in Muara Wis District, Kutai Kartanegara, from October 2025 to February 2026. A total of 2,944 households in Muara Wis District, with 110 respondents randomly selected using the Slovin formula, were sampled. Data were collected through questionnaires and field observations, then analyzed univariately for frequencies and bivariately using the chi-square test with p < 0.05. Results: Most families had implemented open defecation prevention (71.8%). The bivariate analysis also found a significant relationship between the availability of vacant land (p = 0.001), clean water (p = 0.001), toilets (p = 0.001), and level of knowledge about STBM with open defecation behavior. Meanwhile, attitudes toward the implementation of STBM (Open Defecation-Free Zones) did not show a significant relationship (p = 0.930). Conclusion: The availability of vacant land, clean water, toilets, and the level of information are significantly associated with the practice of open defecation. Efforts to increase access to sanitation facilities, provide clean water, and educate the community about health need to be strengthened to support the successful implementation of Pillar 1 of STBM and achieve sustainable open defecation-free villages. Suggestion: Communities and the government are expected to find alternative solutions to the limited land available for sanitation facilities, such as utilizing appropriate technology in building family toilets, implementing simple air treatment methods both individually and communally, and building healthy toilets that are appropriate to the geographical conditions of the environment.   Keywords: Community-Based Total Sanitation; Environmental Sanitation; Open Defecation.   Pendahuluan: Sanitasi lingkungan merupakan faktor krusial yang memengaruhi tingkat kesehatan masyarakat. Namun, praktik buang air besar sembarangan (BABS) masih sering terjadi dan berpotensi mencemari lingkungan serta meningkatkan risiko penyakit berbasis lingkungan. Program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat (STBM) merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk mendorong perubahan perilaku masyarakat melalui lima pilar sanitasi, salah satunya stop buang air besar sembarangan (SBS). Namun, capaian SBS di Kecamatan Muara Wis, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara masih rendah dan seluruh desa di wilayah tersebut belum berstatus SBS. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat (STBM) pilar 1. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain observasional analitik cross-sectional. Fokus penelitian adalah pelaksanaan STBM Pilar 1 stop buang air besar sembarangan di 7 desa (Enggelam, Lebak Cilong, Lebak Mantan, Melintang, Muara Enggelam, dan Sebemban), Kecamatan Muara Wis, Kutai Kartanegara, pada Oktober 2025 - Februari 2026. Sebanyak 2,944 kepala keluarga di Kecamatan Muara Wis, 110 responden dipilih secara acak dengan rumus Slovin. Demikian pula, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan observasi lapangan, kemudian dianalisis secara univariat untuk frekuensi dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square dengan p < 0.05. Hasil: Mayoritas keluarga telah menerapkan pencegahan buang air besar di tempat terbuka (71.8%). Analisis bivariat juga menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara ketersediaan lahan kosong (p = 0.001), air bersih (p = 0.001), toilet (p = 0.001), dan tingkat pengetahuan tentang STBM dengan perilaku buang air besar keluarga. Sementara itu, sikap terhadap penerapan STBM tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p = 0.930). Simpulan: Faktor ketersediaan lahan kosong, ketersediaan air bersih, ketersediaan jamban, dan tingkat pengetahuan berhubungan signifikan terhadap praktik BABS. Upaya peningkatan akses sarana sanitasi, penyediaan air bersih, serta edukasi kesehatan masyarakat perlu diperkuat untuk mendukung keberhasilan implementasi STBM Pilar 1 dan pencapaian desa stop buang air besar sembarangan secara berkelanjutan. Saran: Masyarakat dan pemerintah diharapkan dapat mencari alternatif solusi atas keterbatasan lahan untuk pembangunan sarana sanitasi, seperti memanfaatkan teknologi tepat guna dalam pembangunan jamban keluarga, melakukan pengolahan air secara sederhana baik secara individu maupun komunal, serta membangun jamban sehat yang sesuai dengan kondisi geografis lingkungan.   Kata Kunci: Buang Air Besar Sembarangan; Sanitasi Lingkungan; Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM).
Bayang-bayang di balik jarum: Intensitas pencahayan dan kelelahan mata penjahit Panggeleng, Andi Mifta Farid; Maharja, Rizky
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 2
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i2.3027

Abstract

Background: Tailors are a profession highly susceptible to health problems such as musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). MSDs in tailors are caused by a number of factors, including repetitive work, static work positions, and an unergonomic work environment. This issue is certainly one of the reasons why a more in-depth study of the ergonomic risks of tailors is urgently needed. Purpose: To identify ergonomic risk factors in the sewing industry and develop effective and affordable ergonomic interventions to improve worker productivity and health. Method: This quantitative study, using a cross-sectional design, was conducted on all tailors in the coastal area of ​​East Banggae District. The sample selection method used a purposive sampling technique. Data collection used questionnaires, observations, measurements, and interviews. Data analysis used the Chi-square statistical test. Results: Age (p-value = 0.042), length of service (p-value = 0.016), work fatigue (p-value = 0.016), physical workload (p-value = 0.000), mental workload (p-value = 0.000), and body posture (p-value = 0.000) were associated with MSD complaints among tailors, while length of service (p-value = 0.828) was not associated with MSD complaints. Conclusion: The majority of tailors experienced mild MSD complaints. Furthermore, MSD complaints experienced by tailors in this coastal area were influenced by age, length of service, work fatigue, physical workload, mental workload, and body posture. Meanwhile, length of service did not affect MSD complaints among tailors.   Keywords: Eye Fatigue; Lighting Intensity; Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs); Tailors.   Pendahuluan: Pekerja penjahit merupakan salah satu profesi yang sangat rentan mengalami masalah kesehatan seperti gangguan otot atau Musculuskeletal Disorders (MSDs). MSDs terjadi pada penjahit disebabkan oleh sejumlah faktor seperti pekerjaan berulang, posisi kerja statis dan lingkungan kerja yang tidak ergonomis. Masalah ini tentunya menjadi salah satu urgensi mengapa kajian lebih mendalam mengenai studi risiko ergonomi penjahit perlu dilakukan Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko ergonomi dalam industri penjahitan serta mengembangkan intervensi ergonomi yang efektif dan terjangkau untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesehatan pekerja Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional, dilakukan terhadap seluruh penjahit yang ada di wilayah pesisir di Kecamatan Banggae Timur. Adapun metode pemilihan sampel memakai teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, observasi, pengukuran dan wawancara. Sementara analisi data menggunakan uji statistic Chi-square. Hasil: Variabel usia (p-value= 0.042), lama kerja (p-value= 0.016), kelelalahan kerja (p-value= 0.016), beban kerja fisik (p-value= 0.000), beban kerja mental p-value= 0.000), dan postur tubuh (p-value= 0.000) memiliki hubungan dengan keluhan MSDs penjahit, sedangkan variabel masa kerja (p-value=0,828) tidak berhubungan dengan keluhan MSDs Simpulan: Mayoritas penjahit mengalami keluhan MSDs tingkat ringan. Selain itu, keluhan MSDs yang dialami oleh penjahit di wilayah pesisir ini dipegnaruhi oleh usia, lama kerja, kelelahan kerja, beban kerja fisik, beban kerja mental, dan postur tubuh. Sementara itu, masa kerja tidak memengaruhi keluhan MSDs penjahit   Kata Kunci: Intensitas Pencahayan; Kelelahan Mata; Musculuskeletal Disorders (MSDs); Penjahit.
Pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan media healthy snack choices bingo terhadap perilaku siswa sekolah dasar dalam pemilihan jajanan sehat Ramadhani, Dinda Gumelar; Hardini, Deisy Sri
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 2 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 2
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i2.3094

Abstract

Background: Healthy snack selection behavior is important to prevent health problems caused by an unbalanced diet, such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Children are vulnerable to environmental influences and unhealthy eating habits, so appropriate health education can help them understand the importance of choosing nutritious foods. Purpose: To determine the effect of health education using healthy snack choice bingo on healthy snack selection behavior in elementary school children. Method: This quantitative pre-experimental study used a one-group pretest-posttest design without a control group. This study was conducted on 3rd and 4th grade students at State Elementary School 02 Kedungwuluh, located in East Purwokerto District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java, in April-May 2025. The sampling technique used was total sampling and obtained 28 participants and data analysis used a paired sample t-test. Results: Before the intervention, students' behavior scores ranged from 50 to 67 with an average of 57.75. After being given healthy snack bingo education, the lowest score increased to 71, the average jumped to 76.47, and the standard deviation in the pretest was 3.455, while in the posttest it decreased to 2.268. This decrease in standard deviation indicates that the variability or spread of the data in the posttest was smaller, meaning that participants' scores tended to be more uniform after the intervention. The p-value obtained was 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that health education with healthy snack bingo was effective in improving students' behavior in choosing healthy snacks. Conclusion: Children's behavior improved before and after being provided with health education through media. There was an effect of providing health education with healthy snack bingo on elementary school children's behavior in choosing healthy snacks, with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.005). Suggestion: This study is expected to be useful in improving behavior in choosing healthy snacks to ensure balanced nutrition. Future researchers may consider comparing or combining the healthy snack bingo game with other media.   Keywords: Healthy Snack Choice Bingo Media; Healthy Snack Selection; Health Education; Student Behavior; Elementary School.   Pendahuluan: Perilaku pemilihan jajanan sehat penting untuk mencegah masalah kesehatan akibat pola makan tidak seimbang, seperti obesitas, diabetes, dan penyakit jantung. Anak-anak rentan terhadap pengaruh lingkungan dan kebiasaan makan tidak sehat, sehingga pendidikan kesehatan yang tepat dapat membantu mereka memahami pentingnya memilih makanan bergizi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan dengan media healthy snack choices bingo terhadap perilaku anak sekolah dasar dalam pemilihan jajanan sehat. Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif pre eksperimental menggunakan desain one group pretest – postest design without control group. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas 3 dan 4 di SD Negeri 02 Kedungwuluh yang terletak di Kecamatan Purwokerto Timur, Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah, dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Mei 2025. Teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu total sampling dan didapatkan sebanyak 28 partisipan dan analisis data menggunakan uji paired sample t test. Hasil: Sebelum intervensi, skor perilaku siswa berkisar 50 – 67 dengan rata-rata 57.75. Setelah diberikan edukasi healthy snack choices bingo, skor terendah naik menjadi 71, rata-rata melonjak ke 76.47 dan nilai standar deviasi pada pretest adalah 3.455, sedangkan pada posttest menurun menjadi 2.268. Penurunan standar deviasi ini menunjukkan, bahwa variabilitas atau penyebaran data pada posttest lebih kecil, artinya skor peserta cenderung lebih seragam setelah intervensi. P-value yang diperoleh sebesar 0.000 (p < 0.05), menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kesehatan dengan healthy snack choices bingo efektif terhadap peningkatan perilaku siswa dalam memilih jajanan sehat. Simpulan: Perilaku anak–anak sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan dengan media mengalami peningkatan. Adanya pengaruh pemberian pendidikan kesehatan dengan healthy snack choices bingo terhadap perilaku anak sekolah dasar dalam pemilihan jajanan sehat dengan p-value 0.000 (< 0.005). Saran: Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat berguna dalam peningkatan perilaku dalam memilih jajanan sehat agar terpenuhinya gizi seimbang. Peneliti selanjutnya dapat mempertimbangkan untuk membandingkan atau mengombinasikan media healthy snack choices bingo dengan media lainnya.   Kata Kunci: Media Healthy Snack Choices Bingo; Pemilihan Jajanan Sehat; Pendidikan Kesehatan; Perilaku Siswa; Sekolah Dasar.
Status gizi dengan kejadian TB paru balita berdasarkan klasifikasi weight for age (WAZ) Nur Faridatul Amla; Ema Novita Deniati
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 5 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 5
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i5.3091

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death in Indonesia. The provinces with the highest caseloads West Java, East Java, and Central Java account for approximately 47% of all TB cases in the country. TB among children aged 0–14 years ranks second in terms of prevalence. East Java ranks sixth regarding cases of undernutrition and severe malnutrition. Purpose: To determine the association between nutritional status and other risk factors influencing the incidence of pulmonary TB in children under five years of age. Method: This study employed a quantitative approach with an observational, analytical, cross-sectional design. Data were obtained from the 2022 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Purposive sampling was used, resulting in a sample of 26,210 children under five. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis, the chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: Statistically significant associations were found regarding nutritional status (P=0.022; OR=1.57), maternal education (p=0.019; OR=0.29), and pneumonia diagnosis (p=0.000; OR=11.1). Regarding contact history, a "perfect prediction" scenario occurred; all children under five with a history of TB contact were also diagnosed with pulmonary TB. Consequently, although statistical values ​​could not be calculated, this factor demonstrated a very strong association with the incidence of pulmonary TB. Conclusion: Nutritional status, maternal education level, pneumonia diagnosis, and contact history are significantly associated with the incidence of pulmonary TB in children under five years of age.   Keywords: Children Under Five; Nutritional Status; Pulmonary TB Incidence; Weight-for-Age (WAZ).
Pengetahuan remaja perempuan terkait vaksinasi human papillomavirus (HPV) Novie Nurlatifah; Yanti Hermayanti; Witdiawati Witdiawati; Ida Maryati; Nina Sumarni
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 5 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 5
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i5.3179

Abstract

Background: Knowledge of adolescent girls regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination plays an important role in preventing cervical cancer. Lack of knowledge may reduce awareness and participation in vaccination programs. HPV vaccination is an effective preventive measure; therefore, early understanding is essential. Adolescent girls are the primary target, as the optimal age for vaccination is 9–14 years. Purpose: To describe the level of knowledge of adolescent girls regarding HPV vaccination. Method: This study used a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional design with total sampling, involving 73 respondents who were willing to participate. The instrument was a validated HPV vaccination knowledge questionnaire (31 valid items; r > 0.361) with reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.932). Data were analyzed descriptively using percentages. Results: Most respondents had moderate knowledge (63%), followed by good (27.4%) and poor (9.6%). In each category, some respondents had not received the HPV vaccine, including those with good and moderate knowledge. Respondents generally understood aspects of cervical cancer prevention, benefits of HPV vaccination, administration methods, and side effects. However, knowledge was still limited regarding early symptoms of cervical cancer, asymptomatic HPV infection, antibody formation and duration, and vaccine dosage. Conclusion: Uneven knowledge levels indicate the need for improved health education to enhance adolescents’ understanding of and participation in HPV vaccination.      Keywords: Adolescent Girls; Human Papillomavirus Vaccination; Knowledge.  
Evaluasi biaya dan ekonomi dalam layanan kesehatan: A literature review Sidarsyah Sidarsyah; Sartini Risky; Ilda Reski Ismail; La Ode Liaumin Azim
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 5 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 5
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i5.3181

Abstract

Background: Healthcare services face significant challenges, including resource constraints, rising service costs, and unequal access driven by socio-economic disparities. These issues necessitate an approach capable of comprehensively assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of health interventions. Purpose: To analyze economic evaluation in healthcare services. Method: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach adhering to PRISMA guidelines was employed. Literature searches were conducted across reputable scientific databases; inclusion criteria covered original articles published within the last decade that utilized economic evaluation methods such as cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA), cost-utility analysis (CUA), cost-benefit analysis (CBA), and cost-minimization analysis (CMA). Thirty articles met the criteria and were analyzed using narrative synthesis. Results: CEA and CUA are the most widely used methods, as they effectively illustrate the relationship between costs and health outcomes in a practical manner. Technology-based and preventive interventions tend to be more cost-effective in the long run, although outcomes are heavily influenced by the implementation context, population characteristics, and the specific analytical methods employed. Furthermore, findings vary across studies, and there are limitations regarding the integration of equity considerations into economic evaluations. Conclusion: Economic evaluation in healthcare plays a crucial role in assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of various medical interventions, with CEA and CUA serving as the dominant methods for measuring the relationship between costs and health outcomes. Suggestion: Future research should aim to develop more comprehensive economic evaluation approaches by integrating aspects of efficiency, equity, and sustainability. Additionally, employing standardized yet context-sensitive methodologies would enhance the relevance of findings in supporting evidence-based health policy formulation.   Keywords: Cost; Economics; Evaluation; Healthcare Services.
Hubungan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang kanker payudara dengan tindakan SADARI Syahda Sayidah Fatimah; Papat Patimah; Shinta Arini Ayu
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 5 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 5
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i5.3297

Abstract

Background: Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women and can be detected early through breast self-examination (BSE). However, the practice of breast self-examination among adolescent girls remains low due to a lack of knowledge regarding breast cancer and early detection. Purpose: To determine the relationship between adolescent girls' knowledge of breast cancer and the practice of breast self-examination. Method: This study employed a quantitative research design using a correlational approach and a cross-sectional study design. The sample consisted of 97 respondents selected through purposive sampling at State Vocational High School 2 Cilaku, Cianjur Regency. Data were collected using a questionnaire covering knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) practices, and were subsequently analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results: The majority of respondents were 17 years old (46.4%) and in the 11th grade (n=59; 60.8%). Most respondents possessed a moderate level of knowledge (n=68; 70.1%), yet the majority did not practice breast self-examination. Chi-Square test results indicated a significant relationship between adolescent girls' knowledge of breast cancer and the practice of breast self-examination (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescent girls' knowledge is significantly associated with the practice of breast self-examination. Continuous health education regarding breast cancer and early detection through breast self-examination should be implemented in schools to raise awareness and encourage better early detection practices among adolescent girls.   Keywords: Adolescent Girls; Breast Cancer; Breast Self-Examination; Knowledge.
The role of caregiver burden as a predictor of anxiety among families of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease Zannuba Aulia Maghfiroh; Nanda Audia Vrisaba
Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan Vol. 20 No. 5 (2026): Volume 20 Nomor 5
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan-fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/hjk.v20i5.3355

Abstract

Background: Family members accompanying hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease often face significant stress during the care process. The demands of providing care, understanding medical information, making decisions, and coping with the uncertainty of the patient's condition can lead to caregiver burden and increase the risk of anxiety. Purpose: To determine the role of caregiver burden as a predictor of anxiety among family members of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. Method: This study employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Participants consisted of 113 family members of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. Caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22), while anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). Data were analyzed using linear regression to determine the role of caregiver burden in predicting anxiety. Results: Linear regression analysis showed that caregiver burden served as a significant positive predictor of anxiety among family members of patients with cardiovascular disease (B = 0.240; β = 0.728; t = 11.202; p < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.198–0.283). An R² value of 0.531 indicated that caregiver burden accounted for 53.1% of the variance in anxiety among the patients' family members. Conclusion: Caregiver burden plays a significant role in increasing anxiety among family members of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular disease. The greater the burden perceived by the family while caring for the patient, the higher the level of anxiety experienced. These findings highlight the importance of addressing caregiver burden as an integral part of holistic healthcare services. Suggestion: Future research should expand the study location to include more than one hospital or an entire region, so that the findings can more broadly reflect the situation of cardiovascular patient caregivers.   Keywords: Anxiety; Caregiver Burden; Cardiovascular Disease.

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