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Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan
Published by Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
ISSN : 14116022     EISSN : 26139464     DOI : -
Core Subject : Economy,
Economics, Econometrics & Finance
The Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan aims to publicize the results of research concerning economics and development at national, and international levels with particular emphasis on the application of quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (semua kategori) - Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 111 Documents
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Measuring and Determinants of Inclusive Growth: Evidence from Indonesia Dolly Mantora Hazmi; Syafruddin Karimi; Fajri Muharja
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.5984

Abstract

The understanding that high growth does not guarantee an increase in the welfare of society as a whole is the cause of the increasing popularity of the concept of inclusive growth. inclusive growth is found in Indonesia's National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015-2019 and RPJMN 2020-2024. This indicates that the Indonesian government is very concerned with more equitable growth. But there is no measure that is able to describe inclusive growth. In empirical studies also still use a variety of measures. For that we try to promote one measure of inclusive growth with a pro-poor growth measure approach. Our measure has proven to be able to explain growth, poverty reduction and inequality better than other measures. We also analyze the determinants of inclusive growth using panel data. We place greater emphasis on the role of low-income communities in inclusive growth.
Medium Small Micro Enterprise (MSME) Development and Economic Growth: Causality Analysis Gentur Jalunggono; Retno Sugiharti; Fitrah Sari Islami; Puji Aisyah Zahroti
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.6137

Abstract

As a business sector with a fairly large contribution to national output, government support for Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is increasingly being increased, even though the ratio of MSME credit to total national credit is still very small.  Capital difficulties are a classic problem faced by MSMEs, but the high growth of MSMEs is a gap that shows the resilience of MSMEs. Therefore, this study wants to analyze whether the existence of MSMEs encourages economic growth, or vice versa, economic growth must be boosted to increase MSMEs. This study investigates the causal relationship and long-term stability conditions between MSME credit distribution variables and Indonesia's economic growth in the 2011 - 2019 period, using Direct Error Correction Model causality on panel data. The estimation result shows that MSME credit distribution has a positive and significant relationship to economic growth only in a long term. On the other hand, the causal relationship between MSME credit and economic growth is not proven, which means that there is no reciprocal relationship between credit and economic growth, or said in here demand following hypothesis is not proven
Determinants of Job Opportunities in Yogyakarta Special Regional Province Muhammad Miftahur Surur; Indanazulfa Qurrota A'yun
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v13i1.6300

Abstract

The Republic of Indonesia has a goal to create a just and prosperous society as stated in the 1945 Law. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to carry out development activities. One of the unresolved development problems is employment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the minimum wage, education level, industry, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) and government spending on employment opportunities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data used is annual data from 2010–2019 and uses the Random Effect Model approach with the Generalized Least Square (GLS) method. The estimation results show that industry and GRDP have a positive and significant effect on job opportunities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, while the minimum wage, education level, and government expenditure have a negative and insignificant effect on job opportunities in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.
Factors Affecting Consumer Decision in Buying Herbalife Product During Covid-19 Pandemic Dhaifina Idznitia Apriyani Naimi; Nurzahroh Lailyah; Keke Tamara Fahira
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.6310

Abstract

The obesity rate in the last three years in Semarang City has increased, and the need for vitamins and nutrients during the Covid-19 pandemic has also increased. However, this fact is not in line with the number of requests for purchasing Herbalife products which has decreased. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing consumer decisions in buying herbalife products in Semarang. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data were obtained using a questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents. Consumer data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. The study’s results stated that the variables of price, place, and physical evidence significantly influenced consumers’ decisions to buy Herbalife products. In contrast, product, promotion, people, and process variables did not considerably influence consumer decisions in buying Herbalife products.
Employment Participation and Determinants of the Gender Wage Gap in the Head of the Household Jihad Lukis Panjawa; Retno Sugiharti; Jalu Aji Prakoso; Muhammad Arif Kurniawan
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.6320

Abstract

The distortion model becomes a problem in development planning, including in the development goals of reducing discrimination and concerns. These two things are closely related to gender expectations on work participation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the gender pay gap at the work participation rate of household heads in Magelang during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analytical tools used are Probit regression and the decomposition of the Blinder-Oaxaca model. The model decomposes wage differentials by gender. The study uses the 2020 SAKERNAS data. The results show that work participation for male household heads is determined by the marginal effect of work experience, age and area of residence, not education level and number of family dependents, while female household heads are only determined because of the number factor. family responsibilities. Furthermore, the potential work experience of male household heads has a significant negative effect. Research findings from the Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition calculation show that the difference in wages between groups of household heads during the Covid 19 pandemic proved statistically significant. The role of the government is expected to be more active in disseminating policies related to gender in the labor market and exercising control over business actors in implementing labor regulations.
Determinants of Public Debt Ratio in Middle-Income Countries Ghania Atiqasani; Nairobi Nairobi; Arif Darmawan
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.6352

Abstract

The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic, which hampers mobility and productivity, creates a slowdown in the movement of the wheels of the economy, thus indirectly requiring several countries to increase their sources of revenue through public debt to meet the needs of the people and maintain economic stability in each country. the problems faced by middle-income countries are related to the participation of government and other public institutions both in the formulation of public policies, the management of public resources, to the realization of human rights that should be free from abuse of the position of relevant policymakers. As a result, not a few countries experience uncertainty about the actual situation from public accounts, which has encouraged the creation of doubts and conflicts among the public about the role of governments in dealing with the global economic crisis, which among others, is illustrated through several economic problems that occur in middle-income countries. The purpose of this study is to answer the question of whether, in middle-income countries, the factors of the previous year's debt-to-GDP ratio, fiscal transparency, corruption, and e-budgeting simultaneously and partially influence the debt-to-GDP balance in 74 middle-income countries in 2021. The method used is OLS regression analysis of cross-section data. This study found that the previous year's debt accumulation significantly affected the debt ratio to GDP. Meanwhile, fiscal transparency and the implementation of e-budgeting hurt the insignificant debt-to-GDP ratio; corruption has a little positive effect on the debt-to-GDP ratio.
Community-Based Empowerment: Semi-Systematic Literature Review (SSLR) Dwi Prasetyani; Rian Destiningsih; Amelia Choya Tia Rosalia
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.6541

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to synthesize research results with the topic of community-based community empowerment in Indonesia using the Scopus database. The method used is a semi-systematic literature review (SSLR). Semi-systematic analysis shows that there are two main themes, namely the identification of scientific journals that contain articles on the topic of community-based community empowerment in Indonesia and the phenomenon of community-based community empowerment in Indonesia from previous studies. The findings in this study are publications on the topic of community-based community empowerment in Indonesia, the phenomenon of community-based community empowerment in Indonesia still can be explored more deeply considering the surge in articles related to this topic in 2020; Community empowerment is one of the strategies to reduce poverty in Indonesia. As a coping strategy, community empowerment is also provided with related regulations. The National Program for Independent Community Empowerment, empowerment of microfinance institutions (LKM), and micro-credit schemes and tourist villages are examples of the application of the concept of community empowerment in Indonesia, but the application still requires some improvements, for example by considering social capital such as local institutions, local wisdom Local customs, norms, and customs as an effort to apply the concept of community empowerment are getting closer to the main goal, namely reducing poverty and improving community welfare.
Carbon Emissions and Urbanization in ASEAN-5 Countries Winny Perwithosuci; Hamim Zaky Hadibasyir; Muhammad Arif
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.6582

Abstract

The population in the world reach 7.5 billion in 2019. Population living in urban area is one of the drivers of cabon emissions. This study aims to estimate the relationship between urbanization, GDP, trade openness, and coal consumption on carbon dioxide emissions in ASEAN-5 countries which are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Vietnam from 1990 to 2020. The data generated from British Petroleum and World Bank. This current study employs Fixed-Effect estimation model to estimate the data. The result revealed there is positive relationship between urban population as proxy of urbanization, GDP, trade openness, and coal consumption. Policies should highlight the utilization of low-carbon techlonogies and renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions.
An Analysis of Factors Affecting Indonesia's Foreign Exchange Reserve Suripto Suripto; Rai Rake Setiawan; Istanti Istanti; Hamim Mustofa
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 12 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v12i2.6588

Abstract

Foreign exchange reserves is an economic variable that is very important to pay attention to. International trade is something that makes foreign exchange reserves important. Foreign exchange is calculated by a country as property or wealth in foreign currency. In this study, research related to factors that can affect the position of Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves will be carried out. The data used is obtained from the official website of Bank Indonesia on the publication page. The data obtained is then carried out in an empirical time series from 2010 to 2020 in the form of quarters or three months. This research uses Partial Adjustment Model analysis. The results of this study indicate that exports have a positive and significant effect in the short term and have a positive but not significant effect. Imports have a negative and significant effect in the short term, and have a negative and significant effect in the long term. then interest rates do not have a significant effect in the short term or long term. foreign debt has a positive and significant effect in the short term, but does not have a negative and insignificant effect in the long term.
Impact of Gravity Model and Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) on Coal Indonesian Export Nurul Azizah Az-zakiyah
Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Vol. 13 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/optimum.v13i1.6625

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of Indonesia's GDP per capita, GDP per capita destination country, real exchange rate, the population of the destination country, the distance between Indonesia and the country's objectives, and the variable of the Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) dummy for Indonesia's coal exports by using the gravity model. This study uses panel model regression with a research period of 2012-2022. The study results show that Indonesia's GDP per capita variable significantly negatively affects exports of Indonesian coal. GDP per capita of the destination country, the population of the destination country, the real exchange rate, and dummy DMO significantly positively affect Indonesia's coal exports. Whereas distance has no significant impact on Indonesia's coal exports

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