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Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel
ISSN : 27758206     EISSN : 27747719     DOI : https://doi.org/10.15642/azimuth.2020.1.1
Core Subject : Religion, Science, Social,
Religion Astronomy Earth & Planetary Sciences Social Sciences
Azimuth Journal of Islamic Astronomy merupakan jurnal ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Ilmu Falak Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Jurnal ini terbit dua kali dalam satu tahun pada bulan Januari dan Juli. Jurnal ini memuat artikel tentang ilmu falak dan ilmu-ilmu terkait.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Ilmu Sosial (Lain-Lain)
Articles 52 Documents
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Implementasi Kriteria Neo-MABIMS dalam Penentuan 1 Syawal 1443 H di Indonesia Wayuningsih, Yuniar
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v5i1.2233

Abstract

Abstrak: Sejak tahun 2022 M, Indonesia mulai menggunakan kriteria Neo-MABIMS (hasil pembaruan kriteria MABIMS dari Muktamar Turki 2016) yang bersumber dari Rekomendasi Jakarta 2017. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat apakah kriteria Neo-MABIMS dapat terimplementasikan dengan baik di Indonesia, khususnya pada penetapan awal bulan Syawal 1443 H. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data yang diperoleh dari hasil sidang isbat penentuan Idul Fitri 1443 H, artikel dan jurnal, dan siaran ulang berita konferensi pers hasil sidang isbat penentuan Idul Fitri 1443 H. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara studi kepustakaan (library research) dan pengamatan (observation). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, kriteria Neo-MABIMS masih belum bisa terimplementasikan sepenuhnya pada penentuan awal bulan Syawal 1443 H. Hal tersebut dikarenakan ketika banyak kesaksian yang sudah berhasil melihat hilal, dan Pemerintah melalui Kemenag RI sudah menentukan bahwa besok sudah 1 Syawal, padahal untuk sudut elongasinya masih berada di bawah kriteria yang artinya terjadi istikmal. Kata kunci: Implementasi; Kriteria Neo-MABIMS; Sidang Isbat Idul Fitri 1443 H. Abstract: Since 2022 AD, Indonesia has started using the Neo-MABIMS criteria (the result of the update of the MABIMS criteria from the 2016 Turkish Congress), which is sourced from the 2017 Jakarta Recommendations. The purpose of this study is to see whether the Neo-MABIMS criteria can be implemented properly in Indonesia, especially in the early determination of the month of Shawwal 1443 H. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative research method with data sources obtained from the results of the isbat session for the determination of Eid al-Fitr 1443 H, articles and journals, and re-broadcast of press conference news on the results of the isbat session for the determination of Eid al-Fitr 1443 H. Data collection techniques It is carried out by means of library research and observation. The results of this study show that the Neo-MABIMS criteria still cannot be fully implemented in determining the beginning of the month of Shawwal 1443 H. This is because when many testimonies have succeeded in seeing the new moon, and the Government through the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia has determined that tomorrow will be 1 Shawwal, even though the angle of elongation is still below the criteria, which means that there is an istikmal. Keywords: Implementation; Neo-MABIMS criteria; Isbat Eid al-Fitr 1443 H.
Matlak Perspektif Syar’i dan Astronomi Rosyadi, Moh. Imron
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v5i1.2347

Abstract

Abstrak: Pembahasan tentang matlak senantiasa muncul terkait apakah terlihatnya hilal Ramadan atau hilal Syawwal di suatu wilayah, harus diikuti pula oleh wilayah lain yang belum melihat hilal? Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan membahas tentang matlak dalam perspektif fikih dan astronomi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian normatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui buku dan artikel jurnal tentang matlak ditinjau dari fikih dan astronomi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara desktriptif komparatif, yaitu menganalisis perbandingan matlak dalam perspektif fikih dan astronomi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Matlak menurut hisab rukyat merupakan batas daerah berdasarkan jangkauan terlihatnya hilal atau batas geografis keberlakuan hasil rukyat untuk menentukan awal dan akhir bulan-bulan hijriah. Matlak menurut astronomi adalah tempat terbit benda-benda langit (rising place). Perbedaan tersebut merupakan sesuatu yang secara aksiomatik sudah disepakati. Fakta astronomi menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan visibilitas hilal di muka bumi adalah terbatas, yang berarti bahwa pada saat rukyatul hilal pertama, tidak seluruh di muka bumi melakukan rukyat pada hari yang sama. Hal ini membawa konsekuensi hilal dapat dirukyat di suatu daerah, akan tetapi tidak dapat dirukyat di daerah yang lain. Kata kunci: Matlak, fikih, astronomi, rukyat, bulan. Abstract: Discussions about matlak always arise related to whether the Ramadan hilal or Shawwal hilal is seen in an area, should it also be followed by other regions that have not seen the Hilal? Based on these problems, this study aims to discuss matlak from the perspective of fiqh and astronomy. This research is normative. Data on mathla’ was collected through books and journal articles reviewed from the fields of fiqh and astronomy. The collected data was analysed in a comparative descriptive manner, namely analysing the comparison of matlak from the perspective of fiqh and astronomy. This study concludes that Matlak, according to hisab rukyat, is a regional boundary based on the range of visibility of the hilal or the geographical limit of the enactment of the rukyat, which results in determining the beginning and end of the hijri months. Matlak, according to astronomy, is the place where celestial bodies rise (rising place). This difference is something that has been axiomatically agreed. Astronomical facts show that the visibility of the new moon on Earth is limited, which means that at the time of the first rukyatul hilal, not all of the Earth performs rukyat on the same day. This has the consequence that the hilal can be rukyat in one area, but it cannot be rukyat in another. Keywords: Matlak, fiqh, astronomy, rukyat, moon.
The Figure of The Prophet Idris As The Falak Science’s Inventor on Bible, Gospels and Torah (Islamic Astronomy Approach) Azkarrula, Youla Afifah; Basithussyarop, M
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v6i1.2371

Abstract

Prophet Idris was the first man to write Falak with Qalam and taught astrology. Prophet Idris pbuh had a life that was still contemporaneous with prophet Adam as. In addition, the explanation of the Prophet Idris pbuh found in the earlier books up to the Qur'an. As for the books that explain about the Prophet Idris pbuh are Zabur, the Torah, the Gospels and the Qur'an. Over time, the Bible found in the Jewish teachings was united with the teachings of the Christian gospel so that it was called the Bible. Bible consists of the Old Testament which contains the Torah and the New Testament which contains the canonical gospel. Basically, the Qur'an does not directly explain the descendants or nasab of the Prophet Idris pbuh. The explanation of the nasab of the Prophet Idris is explained by the Torah, the Gospels and the Bible with reference to the name Enoch. This is because Idris' name in Hebrew is Enoch. Therefore, to get an explanation of the Prophet Idris, we can refer to the books, namely the Torah, the Gospels and the Bible.
Peran Otoritas Keagamaan dalam Penetapan 1 Syawal di Indonesia dan Thailand Serta Implikasi Sosialnya Iskandar, Mohammad Fajar; Nugroho, Machrus Hakim; Laehka, Aree
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Juli
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v5i2.2658

Abstract

This study discusses a comparison of the determination of 1 Shawwal in Thailand and Indonesia, focusing on the methodology used, the role of religious authorities, and the social implications that arise. This research is a literature review with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through literary studies and documentation, then the data was analyzed in a comparative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that although the rukyat and hisab methods are used in both countries, the implementation is different. In Indonesia, the decision to determine 1 Shawwal is carried out through an isbat session involving various Islamic organizations, while in Thailand, the Sheikhul Islam Office has full authority in the determination. These differences affect social dynamics, with Indonesia experiencing differences in celebration times between mass organizations, while in Thailand, centralized decisions result in uniformity. These findings provide insight into how the methodology and structure of religious authority affect the religious practices and social relations of Muslims in both countries
Keselarasan Antara Arah Bangunan dengan Arah Kiblat Masjid Bersejarah di Kabupaten Jember Hakim, Alfian Nurul
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v6i1.2670

Abstract

Several historic mosques, including one located in Jember Regency, exhibit qibla orientations that deviate from the ideal direction. This study aims to analyze the alignment between the architectural orientation and the qibla direction of historic mosques in Jember Regency. Data were obtained through field research methods, including direct observation, precise measurement, and systematic documentation. The architectural orientation and qibla direction of historic mosques in Jember Regency, based on data from the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia’s SIMAS platform and measurements using Google Maps, show varying values in both orientation and deviation. Similar variations were also observed when using the Mizwala instrument. The alignment between the architectural orientation and the qibla direction of historic mosques in Jember Regency, as recorded in the SIMAS database of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, indicates a consistent correspondence between the two. It is recommended that the Ministry of Religious Affairs or relevant institutions regularly update the data to ensure that the qibla direction information and related records in SIMAS accurately reflect current field conditions.
Perhitungan Koreksi Refraksi dalam Penentuan Tinggi Matahari Pada Awal Waktu Salat Asar Saputra, A. Zuhrudin Hadi; Khazin, A. Mufti
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Juli
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v5i2.2671

Abstract

This article is the result of research related to the Calculation of Refractive Correction in Determining the Height of the Sun at the Beginning of the Asar Prayer Time" This research is a Research and Development approach research, by producing a product in the form of a refractive calculation for the height of the Sun at the beginning of the Asar prayer time. The primary data source used is the article Impact of Atmospheric Refraction on Asr Time by Abdurrahman Ozlen, the book Mechanics of Celestial Bodies. The method of data collection in this study is documentation. The data analysis method used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis, which is obtained from the results of the refractive correction calculation in determining the height of the Sun at the beginning of the Asr prayer time. The results of this study conclude. First, the calculation of the refractive correction in determining the height of the Sun at the beginning of the Asar prayer time is to calculate the angle of the Sun's height that appears at the time of the Sun reaches the culmination point, then calculate the height of the Sun visible at the beginning of the Asar time, calculate the height of the true Sun at the beginning of the Asar time which has been corrected by refraction, and finally is to calculate the entry of the beginning of the Asar prayer time
Analisis Klasifikasi dan Korelasi Antara Visibilitas Hilal dengan Bujur Perigee dan Apogee Tahun 1300h-1600h Dwi Aryani, Puput
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v6i1.2672

Abstract

This article analyzes the classification and correlation between the longitudes of perigee and apogee with crescent moon visibility to understand the influence of these factors on the determination of the beginning of the lunar month. Primary data sources were obtained from calculated classifications of crescent moon visibility based on the longitudes of perigee and apogee from the years 1300H to 1600H for three locations: Sabang, Surabaya, and Merauke. Secondary data were sourced from Microsoft Excel. Data collection was conducted through documentation by studying the books Lunar Tables and Programs from 4000 B.C. to A.D. 8000 and Astronomical Algorithms, followed by calculations using the Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) application. The data analysis technique employed was quantitative descriptive analysis. The results reveal a cyclical pattern between the longitudes of perigee and apogee and the maximum elongation of crescent moon visibility in Sabang, Surabaya, and Merauke. Within the perigee longitude range (15°–345°), the highest maximum elongations were recorded: 12.12° in Sabang, 11.33° in Surabaya, and 11.56° in Merauke, which then declined as they approached the apogee longitude range (165°–195°). The maximum elongation increased again as it moved away from apogee, forming a recurring cycle between perigee and apogee. However, correlation results show no significant relationship between crescent moon visibility and the longitudes of perigee and apogee, as indicated by the low R-square values (0.0005 and 0.0011, respectively). These findings suggest that the longitudes of perigee and apogee are not reliable parameters for determining crescent moon visibility.
Telaah Pemikiran Abdurrahman Özlem dalam Menentukan Awal Bulan Kamariah: Perspektif Astronomi dan Fikih Firdiniah, Nur Eka Putri
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Juli
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v5i2.2673

Abstract

This research is motivated by the existing differences in determining the beginning of the lunar month, particularly regarding the timing and location of crescent moon (hilal) observation. The study aims to examine Abdurrahman Özlem’s thoughts on the determination of the beginning of the lunar month and to analyze them from both astronomical and Islamic jurisprudential (fiqh) perspectives. The method used is library research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The primary data consists of Abdurrahman Özlem’s ideas, while secondary data includes books, journals, articles, and other related sources. Data collection was carried out through literature documentation and digital interviews via email. The results of the study show that Abdurrahman Özlem employs the concept of the International Lunar Month Line (ILML) dynamically based on zonal visibility of the crescent moon according to URCUN criteria. In the calculation method (hisab), Özlem uses a minimum elongation criterion of 8° and a minimum altitude of 5°, with the visual observation (rukyat) serving as a verification of the calculation. Astronomically, the ILML divides Earth's regions based on the potential visibility of the crescent moon. From the fiqh perspective, Özlem considers hisab equivalent to rukyat bil ‘ilmi, that is, crescent observation based on scientific calculations. This opinion is supported by several Islamic scholars who allow the use of astronomical calculations in determining the beginning of the lunar month.
Pemetaan Potensi Wilayah Untuk Pembangunan Observatorium di Jawa Timur Menggunakan Software ArcGIS Cahyani, Hanis Intan
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v6i1.2674

Abstract

East Java Province has diverse geographical conditions and several areas with low levels of light pollution, making it a potential location for the construction of an observatory. This study aims to map these potential areas using ArcGIS software. The research is a library research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data used include light pollution data from the Light Pollution Maps (LPM) website, wind speed and cloud data from the Weather Spark website, elevation data from Google Earth, and topographic data from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Data collection was carried out through literature study and then analyzed using a descriptive method to identify areas that meet the criteria for observatory development. The results show that East Java has varied elevation levels and several regions with low light pollution. Based on the analysis, three main locations were identified as potential sites for observatory construction: Bromo National Park in Lumajang Regency, Ijen National Park in Bondowoso Regency, and Meru Betiri National Park in Jember Regency. These three locations meet the ideal criteria for an observatory, such as sufficient elevation, minimal light pollution, sparse settlements, and relatively stable climatic conditions.
Kajian Ushul Fiqh Terhadap Praktik Pengunduran Azan Asar di Desa Banjarejo, Kecamatan Pagelaran, Kabupaten Malang Musaffa, Akhmad Fikril; Jannah, Elly Uzlifatul
Azimuth: Journal of Islamic Astronomy Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024): Januari
Publisher : Program Studi Ilmu Falak UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15642/azimuth.v5i1.2675

Abstract

Abstrak: Awal waktu salat memang telah di sebutkan dalam al-quran atupun sunnah nabi. Namun berbeda dengan fenomena yang terjadi di Desa Banjarejo, yang mana pengumandangan azan dan pelaksanaan salat Asar secara berjamaah mengalami pengunduran dari jadwal yang semestinya. Penelitian ini menganalisis praktik pengunduran azan dan pelaksanaan salat Asar berjamaah di Desa Banjarejo, Kabupaten Malang, dalam perspektif Ushul Fiqh. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi lapangan dengan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data primer dalam penelitian ini ialah para tokoh di Desa Banjarejo terkait penundaan azan serta pelaksanaan salat Asar berjamaah di Desa Banjarejo. Selain data primer, terdapat data sekunder yang berupa buku-buku ataupun literatur-literatur yang berhubungan dengan awal waktu salat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pengunduran dilakukan sebagai bentuk penyesuaian waktu dengan aktivitas masyarakat. Sehingga para tokoh desa terdahulu mengambil jalan tengah dengan hasil demikian, supaya antusiasme masyarakat untuk berjamaah tetap terjaga. Secara Ushul Fiqh dapat dikategorikan sebagai bentuk ‘urf dan maṣlaḥah yang tidak bertentangan dengan syariat. Kata Kunci: Pengunduran Adzan Asar, Banjarejo Pagelaran, Ushul Fiqh, ‘Urf, Maslahah. Abstract: The beginning of the time of prayer has indeed been mentioned in the Qur'an or the Sunnah of the Prophet. However, it is different from the phenomenon that occurred in Banjarejo Village, where the call to prayer and the implementation of the Asar prayer in congregation were postponed from the proper schedule. This study analyses the practice of postponing the call to prayer and the implementation of congregational Asar prayers in Banjarejo Village, Malang Regency, from the perspective of Ushul Fiqh. The research uses a field study method with interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The primary data in this study are figures in Banjarejo Village related to the postponement of the call to prayer and the implementation of congregational Asar prayers in Banjarejo Village. In addition to primary data, secondary data is in the form of books or literature related to the beginning of prayer time. The data was analysed descriptively. The results showed that the postponement was carried out as a form of time adjustment with community activities. The previous village leaders took the middle way with such results, and the enthusiasm of the community to join the congregation was maintained. Ushul Fiqh can be categorised as a form of 'urf and maṣlaḥah that is not contrary to the sharia. Keywords: Asar Adhan Resignation, Banjarejo Performance, Ushul Fiqh, ‘urf, maṣlaḥah.

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