cover
Contact Name
Norbertus Marcell Prayogi
Contact Email
editor.jimki.bapin@gmail.com
Phone
+6281372545321
Journal Mail Official
editor@jimki.bapin.or.id
Editorial Address
Jl. Dr. G.S.S.Y. Ratulangi No. 29, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat 10350
Location
Kota adm. jakarta pusat,
Dki jakarta
INDONESIA
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia
ISSN : 23026391     EISSN : 27211924     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53366/jimki
Core Subject : Health,
Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia (JIMKI) adalah jurnal yang dikelola oleh Badan Analisis dan Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional (BAPIN). JIMKI berfokus menjadi wadah untuk publikasi penelitian mahasiswa kedokteran.
Articles 326 Documents
Genetic Determinants Of Helicobacter Pylori Virulence And Gastric Cancer Suspectibility: A Systematic Review Muhammad Hisyam Dzaki Alimuddin; Felicia Virginia Thios; Nabila Hana Zahirah Amri
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Book of Abstrack RCIMS 2025
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.vi.974

Abstract

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer mortality, with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection recognized as a major carcinogen. Virulence genes such as cagA, cagE, and vacA, along with specific cag pathogenicity island (PAI) polymorphisms, are implicated in gastric mucosal injury and malignant transformation. This systematic review aimed to identify H. pylori genotypes associated with increased GC risk. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. Eligible studies included case-control or cross-sectional designs assessing H. pylori virulence genotypes among GC and non-GC patients. Data were extracted and summarized descriptively based on odds ratios (ORs) and genotype distributions. Results and Discussion: From 4,359 screened records, five studies met inclusion criteria. The vacA c1 allele was linked to a higher GC risk (OR = 3.14, 95% CI 1.08–9.09), and cagA+cagE co-expression increased susceptibility (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.24–0.86). In Japan, East-Asian cagA with vacA s1m1 showed the strongest association (OR = 6.68, 95% CI 1.73–25.8), while multiple cagA EPIYA-C motifs in Brazilian isolates tripled GC risk (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.74–5.45). Latin American data identified cagA and cagC variants significantly enriched in GC isolates. These findings indicate that cagA and vacA synergistically drive epithelial disruption and inflammation, underpinning their oncogenic potential. Conclusion: CagA, vacA, and cagE genotypes represent key H. pylori virulence predictors of GC. Integrating genotypic profiling into clinical risk assessment could improve early detection and targeted prevention strategies.
In Silico Design And Immunoinformatics Evaluation Of A Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Maulana, Muhammad Anthony; Wasisto, Matias Aryasatya; Sricahyonoaji, Hendro Kusumo
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Book of Abstrack RCIMS 2025
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.vi.977

Abstract

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to be a major global health threat, causing 1.3 million deaths annually despite the availability of the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which offers variable efficacy in adults. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains further highlights the need for novel vaccine strategies. In this study, an in silico immunoinformatics approach was employed as a cost-effective and safe method to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate with enhanced immunogenic potential. Epitope prediction was performed for major M. tuberculosis antigens (Ag85 complex, CFP-10, HspX, TB10.4) using IEDB servers, yielding 95 CTL and 39 HTL epitopes. Epitopes were screened for high antigenicity (VaxiJenv2.0 > 0.4), non-allergenicity (AllerTOPv2.1), and non-toxicity (CSM-Toxin). Selected epitopes were combined using suitable linkers to construct the vaccine, and physicochemical properties were assessed with ProtParam. The 3D model was predicted and refined using I-TASSER and GalaxyRefine, validated by SAVESv6.1. The construct displayed global and Southeast Asian HLA coverages of 58.57% and 49.21%, respectively, indicating sufficient potential for global vaccine deployment. Structural analysis indicated high stability (instability index 33.27) and thermostability (aliphatic index 65.94). Molecular docking with TLR4 displayed stable interaction (lowest energy weighted score -976.8) and immune simulation displayed efficient humoral and cellular response, indicated by peak IgM and IgG titers following simulated injections, adequate activations of CTLs and HTLs, and progressive memory cell development. This study presents a promising multi-epitope vaccine candidate against M. tuberculosis. Further in vitro and in vivo validation is necessary to confirm its immunogenic potential.
Development of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Portable Prototype for Early Tuberculosis Detection Using Exhaled Breath Analysis and IoT Integration: A Feasibility Study Naufal, Muhammad Alif; Nusair, Rafie; Duta, Teuku Fais
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Book of Abstrack RCIMS 2025
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.vi.978

Abstract

Introductions: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem and has become one of the world’s leading infectious diseases, particularly affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries. Despite advancements in molecular testing, the accessibility, cost, and time requirements of conventional diagnostics limit early case detection. Exhaled breath analysis provides a promising non-invasive approach through the identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during TB infection. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a portable diagnostic system that integrates VOC sensing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to enhance early TB screening in community and primary healthcare settings. Methods: A metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor array connected to an ESP32-S3 microcontroller was employed to capture VOC profiles from 33 participants (17 TB-confirmed patients and 16 healthy controls). The acquired data were preprocessed, reduced, and classified using Principal Component Analysis. Several machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were trained and validated to develop a TB recognition model. Results and Discussion: The ANN achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 79%, sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 80%, and an AUC of 0.84. IoT integration enabled real-time data transfer and cloud-based visualization, demonstrating scalability and potential use in resource-limited settings. Conclusion: This portable AI-based breath analysis system offers a rapid, affordable, and non-invasive approach for early TB detection. With further validation, it might complement existing diagnostics and strengthen global TB elimination efforts.
Comparing Genotype-guided, Platelet-function–guided, Universal Potent, And Universal Clopidogrel Antiplatelet Therapy Strategies Post-PCI: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-analysis Eleeas, Abraham Tory; Athaseno, Aryagani Manggala; Tambunan, Alphatar Magnus Jonathan
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Book of Abstrack RCIMS 2025
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.vi.979

Abstract

Optimal P2Y12 inhibitor selection after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is pivotal, yet high-quality evidence remains limited, creating uncertainty for routine practice. This paper synthesizes evidence comparing four post-PCI antiplatelet therapy strategies: genotype-guided (CYP2C19-directed), platelet-function-guided, universal potent P2Y12 inhibition, and universal clopidogrel. Comprehensive searches of three databases were conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled trials. Study quality was appraised using Cochrane RoB 2.0, while evidence certainty was assessed with the GRADE framework. A frequentist NMA was performed using a random-effects model. Interventions were compared using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for binary clinical outcomes (major adverse cardiovascular events, bleeding, and stent thrombosis) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% CIs for the continuous pharmacodynamic outcome of platelet reactivity. Cost outcomes, when reported, were synthesized narratively. The comparative performance of each intervention was summarized and ranked using the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA). Findings revealed a distinct hierarchy among antiplatelet therapy strategies. The universal potent P2Y12 inhibitor strategy consistently ranked highest for preventing ischemic events but was associated with a significantly increased risk of major bleeding. Conversely, the universal clopidogrel strategy demonstrated the most favorable safety profile for bleeding but the lowest ischemic efficacy. This analysis confirms that while universal potent and clopidogrel strategies represent extreme ends of the efficacy-safety spectrum, guided strategies bridge the gap by delivering the ischemic protection of potent therapy while reducing the risk of bleeding, demonstrating superior clinical benefit. Keywords: CYP2C19, Genotype-Guided Therapy, P2Y12 Inhibitors, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Platelet Function Testing
Causal Inference Between Metabolic Traits and Ovarian Cancer Subtypes from Genome-Wide Association Data: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis Wiradikarta, Josia Nathanael; Almeira, Vindasya; Senen, Thalita Nadira Izza
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Book of Abstrack RCIMS 2025
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.vi.981

Abstract

Metabolic disorders have been linked to ovarian cancer risk, but the causality and subtype specificity remain unclear. This study applied a computational genetics approach using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to identify potential causal effects of metabolic traits on distinct ovarian cancer histotypes. Genome-wide association summary statistics for adult female body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), LDL, and HDL cholesterol were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database. Summary-level data for ovarian cancer subtypes (endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell) were analyzed as outcomes. MR analyses were conducted to assess causal relationships using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods, with sensitivity tests for pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Higher BMI was causally associated with increased risk of endometrioid ovarian cancer (MR-Egger OR = 5.56, p = 0.0009; IVW OR = 1.65, p = 0.0056). Elevated fasting glucose increased the risk of mucinous ovarian cancer (OR = 2.10, p = 0.035), and higher HbA1c showed a positive association (OR = 1.32, p = 0.015). LDL cholesterol was modestly associated with mucinous ovarian cancer (OR = 1.25, p = 0.041). Interestingly, higher HDL cholesterol was also linked to increased risk of endometrioid (OR ? 1.27, p = 0.035) and clear cell ovarian cancers (OR = 1.20, p = 0.040). Our analysis revealed significant findings, highlighting distinct metabolic pathways contributing to ovarian cancer subtypes. These results utilize genetic epidemiology and computational biology approaches in uncovering mechanistic links between metabolism and oncogenesis, supporting future precision prevention strategies.
Potensi Tanaman Obat sebagai Terapi Alternatif Faringitis Bakterial oleh Streptococcus pyogenes: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Widjaja, Jovan; Fauzan Hafizh, Ahmad; Prayogi, Norbertus Marcell; Himayani, Rani; Maulana, Muhammad; Kusumaningtyas, Intan
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v12i2.829

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Faringitis merupakan peradangan pada faring yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak hingga dewasa, dengan lebih dari 10 juta kunjungan rawat jalan setiap tahunnya, dan 50% kasus terjadi pada kelompok usia 5 hingga 24 tahun. Faringitis dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi virus atau bakteri. Penyebab tersering faringitis bakterial adalah Streptococcus pyogenes. Pengobatan utama faringitis bakterial saat ini adalah dengan menggunakan antibiotik, namun meningkatnya kejadian resistensi antimikroba mendorong pencarian terapi alternatif berbasis tanaman obat. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk merangkum berbagai penelitian ekstrak tanaman dari seluruh dunia untuk memahami potensi ekstrak tanaman sebagai terapi alternatif untuk faringitis. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan metode narrative review dengan menggunakan pencarian komprehensif artikel pada database PubMed dan ScienceDirect dengan rentang tahun 2020–2025. Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel in-vitro yang menilai aktivitas antibakteri tanaman terhadap S. pyogenes, memiliki nilai MIC, serta tanaman yang tumbuh di Indonesia. Artikel yang tidak memfokuskan pada aktivitas mikrobiologi dieksklusi. Pembahasan: Delapan artikel terpilih mengulas berbagai spesies tanaman yang memiliki potensi antimikroba. Ekstrak biji Spondias pinnata dan buah Sapindus rarak menunjukkan potensi tertinggi dengan MIC 0.000039 mg/mL. Senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid dan saponin diketahui bekerja melalui mekanisme quorum sensing inhibition dan gangguan membran bakteri. Efektivitas ekstrak dipengaruhi oleh jenis pelarut dan metode ekstraksi yang digunakan. Simpulan: Tanaman obat yang tumbuh di Indonesia memiliki potensi sebagai alternatif terapi faringitis akibat S. pyogenes. Senyawa bioaktif dalam tanaman-tanaman tersebut dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengurangi penggunaan antibiotik dan menghambat perkembangan resistensi antimikroba.
Yoga for Sleep Quality in Menopausal Women: A Scoping Review Wilwadana, I Putu Dimasatya; Giri, Made Kurnia Widiastuti; Rahmayani, Irma
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v12i2.914

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep disturbance is one of the most frequent complaints among menopausal women, strongly associated with hormonal decline and vasomotor symptoms. While pharmacological treatments such as hormone therapy and benzodiazepines are effective, they also carry significant risks, including cardiovascular events, cancer, and cognitive decline. This has led to growing interest in safe, non-pharmacological interventions such as yoga. Method: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, encompassing publications from 2015 to 2025. Eligible studies included original research that investigated yoga interventions targeting sleep quality among menopausal or postmenopausal women. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies were considered if validated measures of sleep quality were reported. Discussion: Yoga interventions, commonly practiced 2–3 sessions per week for 8–12 weeks, consistently demonstrated improvements in subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and overall well-being. Some studies also reported reductions in anxiety, depression, and vasomotor symptoms. The underlying mechanisms are likely multifactorial, including regulation of the autonomic nervous system, reduction of sympathetic activity, promotion of parasympathetic balance, and hormonal modulation. When compared with other non-pharmacological interventions such as Tai Chi and Qigong, yoga showed comparable benefits. Hormone therapy remains the most effective for vasomotor-related insomnia, yet yoga offers a safer long-term alternative with no reported serious adverse effects. Conclusion: Yoga is a safe, feasible, and effective non-pharmacological intervention to improve sleep quality in menopausal women and may serve as a complementary option alongside conventional treatments.
Kandungan Bahan Aktif Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L). Urb) Dan Pemanfaatannya Dalam Bidang Kesehatan Pratiwi, Ainin Aniah; Muhamad Yogie, Fadli; Ainin Aniah, Pratiwi; Hendra Tarigan, Sibero; Muhammad Yogie, Fadli; Susianti
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v12i2.919

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Pegagan (Centella asiatica) mengandung empat triterpen utama, asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, dan madecassic acid, yang dikaitkan dengan aktivitas dermatoprotektif, anti-inflamasi, neuroprotektif, antimikroba, dan antikanker. Studi 2020–2025 menunjukkan pergeseran dari pemakaian tradisional menuju formulasi modern yang meningkatkan stabilitas, pelepasan, dan bioavailabilitas senyawa aktif. Metode: Tinjauan pustaka berdesain scoping review mengikuti PRISMA 2020. Pencarian dilakukan di Scopus dan PubMed (2020–2025) menggunakan kata kunci “Centella asiatica/Gotu kola” dikombinasikan dengan “asiaticoside”, “madecassoside”, “asiatic acid”, “madecassic acid”, serta istilah indikasi kesehatan (wound/skin/inflammation/cognition/neuroprotective). Inklusi: artikel riset asli terkait kandungan aktif dan/atau pemanfaatan kesehatan; eksklusi: review/editorial. Data diekstraksi dan dipetakan; analisis bibliometrik (R-bibliometrix) digunakan untuk menilai tren, penulis/negara produktif, dan klaster kata kunci. Pembahasan: Sintesis menunjukkan asiaticoside/madecassoside konsisten meningkatkan penyembuhan luka dan modulasi inflamasi, dengan bukti kuat pada sediaan topikal (emulsi/gel berpelepasan terkendali, hidrogel kitosan) dan potensi anti-melanogenesis. Asiatic acid/madecassic acid menonjol pada onkologi (inhibisi migrasi–invasi, induksi apoptosis, modulasi MAPK) dan neuroproteksi; sistem penghantaran seperti liposom kitosan meningkatkan bioavailabilitas. Pendekatan nanoteknologi seperti nanopartikel perak berbasis ekstrak pegagan, memperkuat efek antimikroba dan eradikasi biofilm. Analisis bibliometrik mengonfirmasi peningkatan publikasi dan diversifikasi tema menuju aplikasi klinis spesifik.. Simpulan: Empat triterpen kunci C. asiatica menjadi poros bioaktivitas lintas indikasi (dermatologi–wound healing, anti-inflamasi, neuroproteksi, antimikroba, onkologi). Formulasi modern meningkatkan kinerja dan potensi translasi klinis, meski standardisasi ekstrak dan uji klinis berskala besar masih diperlukan untuk pemantapan evidensi.
Hubungan Prematuritas dengan Hipotiroid Kongenital Aprilia, Sandrina Audy; Kurniati, Intanri; Kusumaningtyas, Intan; Berawi, Khairun Nisa
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.v12i2.921

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common endocrine disorder in neonates and can cause growth and developmental disorders if not treated early. Prematurity is an important risk factor due to the immaturity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis and limited iodine storage capacity. Various studies have shown an increased risk of congenital hypothyroidism, particularly in its transient form, among preterm infants; however, the results remain variable, necessitating a literature review to clarify the association and optimize detection strategies. Method: This study is a literature review analyzing the relationship between prematurity and congenital hypothyroidism. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and Garuda (2015–2025). Included articles consisted of original research, reviews, and meta-analyses in English or Indonesian discussing the topic. Discussion: Prematurity is associated with an increased risk of congenital hypothyroidism, particularly transient forms and delayed TSH elevation. Immaturity of the thyroid axis, exposure to medications, and external factors exacerbate hormonal dysfunction. Most cases are temporary, although a small proportion may become permanent. Conclusion: Prematurity increases the risk of congenital hypothyroidism; therefore, repeated screening and long-term monitoring are essential to prevent delayed diagnosis and ensure optimal management.
Genetic Variants Associated with Gefitinib Adverse Events in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review Integrated with Protein-Protein Interaction Network and Structural Modelling Rangga Pradipa, Agya Marsaa; Al Ayyubi, Muhammad Shalahudin; Romadhona, Sabila; Sarkowi, Widya Khairunnisa; Nugraha, Widya Eka
JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 12 No 2 (2025): JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia Vol. 12.2 (2025)
Publisher : BAPIN-ISMKI (Badan Analisis Pengembangan Ilmiah Nasional - Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53366/jimki.vi.v12i2.1049

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases. Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor frequently used in NSCLC with favorable outcome. However, many patients develop severe adverse effects which might be influenced by genetic variability. Therefore, we aim to systematically review the gene variants and its association with gefitinib-related adverse effects in NSCLC patients, as well as investigate the biological process involved. Methods: A systematic search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines across PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane. Studies investigating the association between genetic variations with gefitinib-related adverse effects in NSCLC were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB-E. Extracted data encompassed study and patient characteristics, adverse effects, and gene variations. Significant genes identified from included studies were analyzed through PPI network analysis, and the hub proteins found were visualized through Chimera. Results: Sixteen studies involving 1,176 patients were included, with Japanese populations being the most studied. Gene variants of CYP2D6, CYP3A4, ABCB1, ABCG2, EGFR, FOXO3, IKBKB, and AKT1 were found to be associated with adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity, skin rash, and diarrhea among NSCLC patients. Metabolism and inflammatory pathways might be involved in gefitinib-related adverse effects. Conclusion: Genetic variations in CYP2D6, CYP3A4, ABCB1, ABCG2, EGFR, FOXO3, IKBKB, and AKT1 may influence gefitinib-associated adverse effects, highlighting the need of pharmacogenomic testing to guide personalized treatment and improved patient safety. Keywords: Genetic Variants, Gefitinib, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Adverse Effects, Protein-protein interaction

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