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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 17, No. 3" : 10 Documents clear
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Students at Islamic Boarding School X toward COVID-19 Incidence in 2022 Haninda, Aisyah Raisa; Susanna, Dewi; Kusuma, Aria; Fitria, Laila
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The spread of COVID-19 can occur in various settings but most notably in gathering places. Health protocols to avoid the spread of COVID-19 may be influenced by the knowledge and attitude of individuals. This study examined the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of students at the Islamic Boarding School X in Serang City, Banten Province, Indonesia, with the COVID-19 incidence. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design was used. The study population consisted of 994 students, from which (via the Slovin’s formula) a minimum sample size of 285 students was obtained. Data collection was carried out using an online validated questionnaire. The data collected related to age, sex, education level, knowledge level, attitude, behavior, and the COVID-19 incidence as experienced by the respondents. The results showed that most students had low-level knowledge (71.9%), negative attitudes (51.3%), and poor behaviors (53.2%) regarding the COVID-19. Most of the students were infected by the COVID-19 (88%). Statistically, knowledge, attitude, and behavior had no significant relationship with the COVID-19 incidence (p-value>0.05). This study concludes that knowledge, attitude, and behavior are not related to the COVID-19 incidence.
Spatial Analysis for Enhancing the Use of Health Data Availability from Different Sources to Help the Decision-Making Process Eryando, Tris
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Spatial analysis in public health has become a common method used by researchers to understand the distribution of public health aspects related to the surrounding environment. It can also be used to analyze individual information in the form of a dot and the location or line of aggregated information in a specific area of study. Another benefit is the possibility of using different data sources to be analyzed in one statistical model analysis, as long as the identification area is sufficiently clear as a key variable. Spatial analysis can show an object's distribution on a locational map and explain the distribution type, whether random, cluster, or uniform. The statistical analysis model can also develop different risk factors for each region of the research area. A specific model sometimes explains how to treat health issues differently in a specific location and can be used as an alternative approach to dealing with an intervention plan for public health issues based on specific local phenomena.
SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in Jakarta, Indonesia Ariawan, Iwan; Jusril, Hafizah; N Farid, Muhammad; Riono, Pandu; Wahyuningsih, Wiji; Widyastuti, Widyastuti; Handayani, Dwi Oktavia T L; Wahyuningsih, Endang Sri; Daulay, Rebekka; Henderiawati, Retno; Malik, Safarina G; Noviyanti, Rintis; Trianty, Leily; Fadila, Nadia; Myint, Khin Saw Aye; Yudhaputri, Frilasita A.; Venkateswaran, Neeraja; Venkateswaran, Kodumudi; Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam; Hawley, William A.; Morgan, Juliette; Pronyk, Paul M
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in low- and middle-income countries remain poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence in Jakarta, Indonesia, and to increase knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in urban settings. A population-based serosurvey among individuals aged one year or older was conducted in Jakarta. Employing a multistage sampling design, samples were stratified by district, slum, and non-slum residency, sex, and age group. Blood samples were tested for IgG against three different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Seroprevalence was estimated after applying sample weights and adjusting for cluster characteristics. In March 2021, this study collected 4,919 respondents. The weighted estimate of seroprevalence was 44.5% (95% CI = 42.5-46.5). Seroprevalence was highest among adults aged 30-49 years, with higher seroprevalence in women and the overweight/obese group. Respondents residing in slum areas were 1.3-fold more likely to be seropositive than non-slum residents. It was estimated that4,717,000 of Jakarta's 10.6 million residents had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. This suggests that approximately 10 infections were undiagnosed/underreported for every reported case. About one year after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed, close to half of Jakarta's residents have been infected by SARS-CoV-2.
A Stunting Prevention Risk Factors Pathway Model for Indonesian Districts/Cities with a Stunting Prevalence of ≥30% Fentiana, Nina; Achadi, Endang L; Besral, Besral; Kamiza, Abram; Sudiarti, Trini
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
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Abstract

The prevalence of stunting in Indonesian children aged 0-23 months is a public health problem caused by direct and indirect factors. This study aimed to discover the path of the relationship between various risk factors and the stunting prevalence of ≥30% in 165 districts/cities in Indonesia. Data were obtained from the 2018 National Basic Health Research, National Socioeconomic Survey, and the Statistics Indonesia with a cross-sectional approach. The secondary data on stunting and risk factors were aggregated at the district/city level from individual data; children aged 0-23 months. The path analysis used to determine a stunting prevention model showed that antenatal care at the district/city level decreased stunting rates by at least 2.56% (b = -0.16; p-value = 0.04). A contraceptive user at the district/city level decreased stunting rates by 2.25% (b = -0.15; p-value = 0.05), and handwashing with soap at the district/city level by5.76%, (b = -0.24; p-value = 0.003). Antenatal care, contraceptive use, and handwashing with soap contributed to the reduction of stunting prevalence by18.18%. The study results suggested that districts/cities can play an important role in reducing stunting.
Model Autonomy of Self-Finance Management for Primary Health Care to Enhance Workers’ Satisfaction Alamin, Ahmad Jet; Issac, Ossama; Teo, Lina; Adyas, Atikah
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
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Abstract

This study aimed to find an appropriate model of autonomous self-finance management in primary health care (PHC) to enhance workers' satisfaction. This was a cross-sectional study in which data were collected through self-administered questionnaires from 204 workers in ten Regional Public Service Agency for Primary Health Care (RPSAPHC)/Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (BLUD Puskesmas) in Tangerang District, Banten Province, Indonesia using the partial least squares and structural equation model (PLS-SEM). A total of 73 indicators were used to examine the PHC transformation process to enhance workers' satisfaction. The indicators were grouped into three variables depending on workers' satisfaction: intrinsic, extrinsic, and general satisfaction. In addition, there were five independent variables: financial accountability, generating income, structuring human resources, increasing service quality, and consumer satisfaction. Model autonomy was reflected by all the indicators (cross-loading > 0.70, Cronbach’s alpha > 0.70, average variance extracted > 0.5) affecting workers’ satisfaction (path coefficient = 0.196, p-value = 0.002). The management should apply five indicators (financial accountability, increasing income, structuring human resources, improving service quality, and customer satisfaction) affecting workers' satisfaction to transform the PHC.
Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Passive Smokers Triyaniarta, Adinda Rahma; Martini, Santi; Artanti, Kurnia Dwi; Widati, Sri; Nastiti, Rizma Dwi
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to complications of other diseases. The modifiable risk factors for T2DM are overweight, physical activity, hypertension, unhealthy diet, and smoking. This study aimed to analyze determinants of T2DM incidence in passive smokers among various factors. This study was conducted at Hospital X in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, from September 2019 to April 2020. The variables were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Case samples were T2DM patients and passive smokers, while control samples were non-T2DM patients and passive smokers, with 52 respondents per group, of 104 total respondents. Variables statistically significant related to the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers were age >45 years, level of education (not attaining primary school), lack of physical activity, and hypertension. While, the variables having no relation were sex, occupation, sedentary lifestyles, income, and genetics. The multivariate analysis showed that age was a major factor contributing to the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers at Hospital X Surabaya. In brief, age is the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers.
The Effect of Health Promotion Program on Perceived Self-Efficacy and Self-Care Practices among Elderly with Multimorbidity in Chiang Mai, Thailand Wungrath, Jukkrit; Khumai, Nuttida; Phrommasen, Phinphot
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
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Multimorbidity in the elderly is a major public health issue with serious consequences. This study investigated the effects of health promotion programs on perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices among the elderly with multimorbidity using a quasi-experimental study design from February to July 2021. The study samples were the elderly from Doi Saket District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, selected by a multistage random sampling technique. The experimental and control groups each comprised 40 elderlies with multimorbidity. All elderly participants took part in a 12-week health promotion program. The perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices of the study samples were assessed using interviews, and the group results were compared using the independent t-test. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied at a significance level of 0.05 for three different periods. Follow-up results after the intervention showed that the experimental group had significantly higher mean scores of perceived self-efficacy and self-care practice than the control group (p-value<0.05). The health promotion program enhanced perceived self-efficacy and self-care practices in the elderly with multimorbidity. It can also be applied to improve the quality of life of people in other age groups.
Predictors of Anxiety toward COVID-19 Delta Variant: A Cross- Sectional Study among Healthcare Providers in Java and Bali, Indonesia Swarjana, I Ketut; Putu Darma Suyasa, I Gede; Nuryanto, I Kadek
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
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Abstract

Health facilities are experiencing overcapacity, oxygen scarcity, and a limited number of healthcare providers due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), thus impacted on anxiety. This study aimed to determine predictors of anxiety among healthcare providers toward the Delta variant of COVID-19 in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 371 healthcare providers in Java and Bali Islands, and the snowball sampling technique was used. Data were collected using a questionnaire and distributed through social media (WhatsApp), then analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (Chi-square test), and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression). The results showed that 81 (21.8%) respondents experienced anxiety. The workplace (AOR: = 0.617; p-value = 0.011), a history of confirmed positive for COVID-19 (AOR = 2.965; p-value<0.001), and the respondent's comorbidities (AOR = 8.753; p-value<0.001) were significantly associated with anxiety toward the Delta variant. Healthcare managers must regularly evaluate the psychological condition of their subordinates during the COVID-19 pandemic so that anxiety can be detected and overcome early through constructive self-adaptation and positive coping mechanisms.
Perspectives on Reproductive Health Education among Javanese Parents Widjanarko, Bagoes; Indraswari, Ratih; Kusumawati, Aditya; Handayani, Novia
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
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This study aimed to investigate the perspectives of reproductive health education among Javanese parents of children aged 9-11 years. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 12,306 parents in Semarang City, Central Java Province, Indonesia, using a purposive sampling technique. Some parents agreed that reproductive health education at home was unnecessary (29.5%), taboo (45%), difficult (73.1%), and awkward (41.5%). Most parents (72.7%) were not transparent in providing reproductive health information to their children by using other terms to name the genitals, considering the politeness aspect. Good practices of providing reproductive health information are slightly more common in mothers (54.2%), unemployed parents (52.9%), those with a higher education level (69.5%), and those with a family income above the regional minimum wage (59.8%). As many as 76.9% of parents intensely monitor their children; however, 60.63% of parents have poor communications with their children. Parents believe that reproductive health information is essential for their children, but parents find the topic difficult with their children due to taboos and awkward feelings. Accordingly, the Indonesian Ministry of Health should empower parents to discuss reproductive health issues with their children openly.
Spatial Analysis of Seven Islands in Indonesia to Determine Stunting Hotspots Sipahutar, Tiopan; Eryando, Tris; Budiharsana, Meiwita
Kesmas Vol. 17, No. 3
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Indonesia is a vast country struggling to reduce its stunting prevalence. Hence, identifying priority areas is urgent. In determining areas to prioritize, one needs to consider geographical issues, particularly correlations among areas. This study aimed to discover whether stunting prevalence in Indonesia occurs randomly or in clusters; and, if it occurs in clusters, which areas are the hotspots. This ecological study used aggregate data from the 2018 National Basic Health Research and Poverty Data and Information Report from the Statistics Indonesia. This study analyzed 514 districts/cities across 34 provinces on seven main islands in Indonesia. The method used was the Euclidean distance to define the spatial weight. Moran's index test was used to identify autocorrelation, while a Moran scatter plot was applied to identify stunting hotspots. Autocorrelation was found among districts/cities in Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Bali East Nusa Tenggara West Nusa Tenggara Islands, resulting in 133 districts/cities identified as stunting hotspots on four major islands. Autocorrelation proves that stunting in Indonesia does not occur randomly.

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