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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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Determinants of School Health Unit Program Implementation in Junior High Schools of Boyolali District, Indonesia Umaroh, Ayu Khoirotul; Setiyadi, Noor Alis; Werdani, Kusuma Estu; Kusumaningrum, Tanjung Anitasari Indah; Setiyo Nugroho, Purwo
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Adolescent health problems such as stunting, attempted suicide, and tobacco use in Indonesia require attention. To address these challenges, the School Health Unit Program, a school-based health initiative, aims to improve student health and academic achievement. This study examined the relationship between human resources, teachers’ knowledge, facilities and infrastructure, financial resources, and the planning process for implementing the School Health Unit Program in junior high schools in Boyolali District, Indonesia. A cross-sectional design was utilized, involving 50 junior high school teachers responsible for the School Health Unit as respondents, with data collected through structured questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that financial resources (p-value = 0.001; Exp(B) = 12.93; CI = 2.878–58.060) and teachers’ knowledge (p-value = 0.028; Exp(B) = 6.67; CI = 1.230–36.117) were related to School Health Unit implementation. Schools with poor financial resources were over 12 times more likely, and teachers with a poor level of knowledge were approximately 6 times more likely, to implement the School Health Unit Program suboptimally. It is recommended that teachers participate in training programs, effective financial planning, and resource management to improve their capacity to manage the program more effectively.
Google Review Analysis of “Duta We Care” Excellent Service as a Featured Service at a Central General Hospital in Padang Alfitri, Alfitri; Nindrea, Ricvan Dana; Setiawan, Adek; Yuniarti, Elsa
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Improving healthcare service quality required both technical and interpersonal enhancements through a personalized approach, as demonstrated by the “Duta We Care” program at a Central General Hospital in Padang. This study aimed to evaluate the program’s effectiveness by analyzing patient feedback from Google Reviews. A descriptive quantitative design examined 2,035 patient reviews from March 2013 to June 2024. Using NVivo 12 software, the data analysis generated word clouds. The results showed that 68.20% of reviews received a 5-star rating, 9.48% a 4-star rating, 4.35% a 3-star rating, 2.27% a 2-star rating, and 15.70% a 1-star rating. Words like “friendly,” “professional,” “fast,” and “good” frequently appeared, which highlighted patient appreciation for the program’s interpersonal aspects. The “Duta We Care” program successfully raised patient satisfaction, evident from the increased ratings from 3.8 to 4.6. It was determined that staff friendliness and professionalism played a key role in this improvement. However, complaints about waiting times and limited facilities suggested the need for further operational and infrastructural enhancements.
Socioeconomic Status, Environmental Health Knowledge, and Housewives’ Behavior in Maintaining Healthy Housing at Subsidized Flats in East Jakarta, Indonesia Dewi, Alfitra Firizkia Luthfiana; Fitria, Laila
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 5
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Abstract

Healthy behavior among housewives is a crucial aspect of efforts to maintain healthy housing. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of socioeconomic status (e.g., household income, level of education of family head and housewives, and family head’s occupation) and environmental health knowledge with housewives’ behavior (e.g., vector control, waste management, home ventilation, cigarette smoking, and hand sanitation hygiene) in maintaining healthy housing in the subsidized flats in East Jakarta, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study employed the two-proportion hypothesis test formula and a simple random sampling method, recruiting 137 housewives for interviews. Data were analyzed via logistic regression to determine factors related to housewives’ behavior. Analysis demonstrated a significant relationship of housewives’ level of education (OR = 2.883; 95% CI = 1.339−6.209), the family heads’ level of education (OR = 3.856; 95% CI = 1.711−8.690), and housewives’ environmental health knowledge (OR = 2.687; 95% CI = 1.304−5.294) with housewives’ behavior. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the level of education of family heads and the environmental health knowledge of housewives were the dominant factors influencing housewives’ behavior in maintaining healthy housing. The findings offer useful insights for planning and maintaining flats in other areas, considering the growing number of residents.
Noncommunicable Diseases (Hypertension or Diabetes Mellitus) Among Private University Lecturers and Related Factors Kalsum, Ummi; Andini, Melati Puti; Sitanggang, Hendra Dhermawan; Nasution, Helmi Suryani
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 5
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Excessive workload, lack of rest, poor diet, stress, and insufficient physical activity are some contributing factors to a high risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) for lecturers. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for the risk of NCDs among lecturers at a private university in Jambi City, Indonesia. A cross-sectional design was used, and the sample included 93 lecturers who met the inclusion criteria. The independent variables were workload, rest pattern, diet, physical activity, stress, smoking, and family history. The dependent variable was NCDs (hypertension or diabetes mellitus), measured through interviews based on a doctor's diagnosis. Data analysis was performed using Cox multivariate regression analysis. The proportion of NCDs among the lecturers was 25.8%. The factors associated with NCDs include workload, rest patterns, and family history. Lecturers are advised to adopt preventive behaviors, and universities must implement early detection of NCD programs to foster health-promoting environments.
Factors of Anxiety Symptoms Due to Large-Scale Social Restriction Policy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia Susilowati, Indri Hapsari; Alimoeso, Sudibyo; Nugraha, Susiana; Hasiholan, Bonardo Prayogo; Simanjuntak, Magda Sabrina Theofany; Satria, Nur Rachmat
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 5
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Abstract

The Indonesian Government took some preventive measures to slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus, including social restrictions and encouraging individuals to stay at home and avoid needless gatherings. This study aimed to identify factors related to anxiety symptoms during large-scale social restrictions. This study employed a cross-sectional design using the snowball technique in an online survey. A total of 788 respondents comprised the target population to detect the smallest effect size (Cohen's dz = .2), with the level of power of 0.8 using G*Power 3.1, specifically targeting adults aged over 18 years. Out of 1,194 people who took part in the survey, 847 completed all the answers. The findings revealed that 42% of participants experienced feelings of nervousness, anxiety, or agitation, and 42.5% became easily agitated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, 81.7% of those surveyed reported being able to manage their concerns, and 80.7% had good time management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive analysis showed that sex, residence, marital status, number of children, occupational status, being infected by COVID-19, health concern, and time management had a relationship with anxiety symptoms.
Understanding User Needs in Health Crisis Risk Monitoring Information System Development: A Lesson from Tasikmalaya District, Indonesia Iman, Arief Tarmansyah; Kusnanto, Hari; Pertiwi, Ariani Arista Putri
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 3
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Abstract

A health crisis risk monitoring information system needs to be developed, especially during the pre-disaster phase; therefore, understanding the needs of prospective users is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the needs of potential users regarding the development of this system. This study employed a qualitative, exploratory approach to gather user needs from stakeholders through interviews (n = 7) and one focus group discussion (n = 12). The data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and then thematically analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The need for information was related to disaster preparedness and its preferred format. The system should be targeted, multiplatform, support multiple users, and easy to access. Features should include fully integration, advanced capabilities, online access, and the ability to generate fast and actionable information. It is essential to have this system for all users. A system must facilitate decision-making at various levels. The system should contain related information in a standardized format, easily accessible through various platforms and by multiple users, and serve as a tool for providing information for risk mitigation, monitoring, and reporting purposes.
Experiences of Elderly Living with Noncommunicable Diseases in Utilizing Health Services in Myanmar During the COVID-19 Pandemic Chei, Nway Eint; Amnatsatsue, Kwanjai; Chansatitporn, Natkamol; Bunngamchairat, Ariya
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 3
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic and armed conflicts in Myanmar have intensified the challenges in accessing and utilizing health services, particularly for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among older adults. This qualitative study explored the experiences of the elderly with NCDs regarding health service accessibility and utilization in secure areas with fully operational health facilities by conducting in-depth interviews with 20 eligible older adults in Myanmar; data were analyzed using content analysis. Four key themes emerged: NCD service utilization patterns; unmet needs; preferences and hesitancy toward NCD services; and disparities, barriers, and opportunities. The findings revealed widespread underutilization of NCD services due to several factors, including geographic inaccessibility, lack of telemedicine, absence of nearby primary health care, inaccessibility of preferred specialists, quality of care issues, high costs, inadequate communication by providers, and insufficient support for healthcare appointments. In conclusion, strengthening elderly-friendly NCD services in Myanmar requires improving accessibility, affordability, care quality, and communication to reduce unmet needs and support healthy aging.
Government Health Spending and Life Expectancy: Evidence from Cities and Districts in Indonesia Sari, Kurnia; Hidayat, Budi; Sjaaf, Amal Chalik; Nadjib, Mardiati
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 3
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Abstract

Life expectancy is widely recognized as a fundamental indicator of population health, and its improvement is often linked to government health spending, particularly in decentralized health systems. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between local government health expenditures and life expectancy in decentralized Indonesia. Data from 492 cities and districts, spanning from 2015 to 2019, were analyzed using a two-way fixed effects regression model to control for time-invariant district characteristics and common temporal shocks. The findings indicated that a 10% increase per capita in government health expenditure was associated with a 0.01% increase in life expectancy. This association was established after adjusting for key health system and contextual variables, including physician density, sanitation coverage, poverty rates, and proportion of fiscal transfers from the central government. The association remained strong and statistically significant across all model parameters. The results demonstrated that increased local health expenditure improves population health outcomes.
Assessment of the Dietary Supplements Effects on Maternal Underweight in Nigeria Chiobi, Chukwuebuka Jude; Chiobi, Uzoamaka Angela; Omeje, Ambrose Nnaemeka; Mobosi, Ikechukwu Andrew; Ugwu, Michael Okike; Ugwu, Nnamdi Simeon
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 3
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Abstract

Maternal underweight continues to rise and, if not properly managed, will lead to increased mortality. This contradicts the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of reducing maternal mortality by 2050. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the probable effect of dietary supplements on maternal underweight in Nigeria. This study employed probit estimation using the maximum likelihood technique in 2022, with the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey data as the basis for analysis. The results showed a statistically significant effect of dietary supplements on maternal underweight in Nigeria. The likelihood of dietary supplements impacting maternal underweight was approximately 0.4% lower, on average, for mothers who took dietary supplements compared to those who took non-dietary supplements. That is, maternal underweight could be reduced significantly if mothers were consuming the required dietary supplements during their reproductive ages. This study concludes that the head of household age, wealth index, and mothers’ education level are likely to reduce maternal underweight. In contrast, household size is unlikely to have this effect when mothers take dietary supplements, with a very strong effect.
Exploring Stunting in South Kalimantan Province Using R Programming-Based Data Visualization Hudaya, Muhammad; Nor, Wahyudin; Yuliastina, Mellani; Nordiansyah, Muhammad
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 3
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Abstract

South Kalimantan Province continues to face the challenge of relatively high stunting prevalence despite being endowed with abundant coal resources that could serve as a source of funding for public health. Therefore, this study aimed to examine differences in stunting prevalence among cities, mining districts, and non-mining districts in South Kalimantan to raise stakeholder awareness of disparities across these regional types. This study was conducted between April and December 2024, using secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and the South Kalimantan Provincial Government. R programming was used to process the data, generate visualizations, and perform analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) tests. Following the significant ANOVA result, Tukey’s HSD test was conducted to identify specific regional pairs that differed significantly following the ANOVA result. The results showed that cities had significantly lower mean stunting prevalence than non-mining districts (p-value0.05). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between mining and non-mining districts (p-value >0.05). In conclusion, abundant coal resources in mining districts have not translated into more effective stunting reduction efforts.

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