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Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 19077505     EISSN : 24600601     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/kesmas
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions Public Health
The focus of Kesmas is on public health as discipline and practices related to preventive and promotive measures to enhance the public health through a scientific approach applying a variety of technique. This focus includes areas and scopes such as Biostatistics, Environmental Public Health, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Nutrition, Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, Public Health, Public Health Education and Promotion, Women Health.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 928 Documents
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The Spread of Tuberculosis Cases in the Highlands and Coastal Areas of Padang Sidiq, Rapitos; Dewata, Indang; Heldi, Heldi; Syah, Nurhasan; Handayuni, Linda; Asyary, Al
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 1
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Abstract

The current tuberculosis (TB) worldwide situation is very concerning in terms of the number of cases and the death toll, as well as the environmental factors that contribute to its transmission. This has driven policy decisions that aim to enhance contemporary TB control efforts. This study aimed to map the pattern of TB spread based on geographic location, particularly in the highland and coastal areas of Padang City, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. This study employed a quantitative descriptive analysis using secondary data from 6 primary health care (PHC) from April 2022 to March 2023, comprising 896 cases. Data analysis was conducted using the ArcGIS program, as well as applying Nearest Neighbor Analysis across the PHC areas. The results indicated that TB cases were more prevalent in coastal areas. The distribution pattern was comparable between the mountainous and coastal areas, as indicated by similar clusters. Geographic differences did not affect the TB transmission pattern in Padang City. The reason for the occurrence of transmission was likely due to close contact, spreading from one person to another. Therefore, more effective education efforts, case detection, and restriction of TB patient movement are necessary to address the issue of interest.
Understanding Occupational Health and Safety Regulations and the Influence on Students' Behavior in Practical Workshops Yusuf, M.; Suarbawa, I Ketut Gde Juli; Dewi, Ni Wayan Merda Surya; Sadiyani, Ni Wayan; Sudana, I Made
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Abstract

Understanding occupational health and safety (OHS) is essential for engineering students, especially in high-risk environments such as mechanical workshops, where unsafe practices can lead to accidents and injuries. Although Regulation Number 5 of 2018 from the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower mandates OHS implementation in all workplaces, students’ knowledge and behavior still fall short of the expected safety standards. This study aimed to measure students’ understanding of OHS, their basic knowledge of OHS law, and their behavior during workshop practicum activities. A cross-sectional research design was used, involving 203 students in State Polytechnic in Badung District, Indonesia. Data were collected through direct observation, surveys, and interviews. OHS understanding and legal knowledge were assessed using a test questionnaire, while OHS behavior was evaluated using a Likert-scale-based questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling at a 95% confidence level. The results indicated that combined OHS understanding and legal knowledge influence OHS behavior by 25.1%, with legal knowledge alone contributing only 1.8%, suggesting that knowledge of the law cannot shape behavior independently. Other contributing factors, such as engaging teaching methods and continuous monitoring, are needed.
Job Satisfaction Among Health Workers at Primary Health Care in Palembang City, Indonesia Ainy, Asmaripa; Sarri, Merri Nurmala; Fujiyanti, Poppy; Inaku, Hartati; Tembo, Tannia
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Abstract

Health workers at primary health care are the frontline providers of community health services. This study aimed to investigate the level of job satisfaction of health workers at primary health care in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, and its influencing factors. Using a questionnaire developed by the authors' team, the study involved 257 samples. A total of 66.15% of respondents indicated high satisfaction, 21.79% reported moderate satisfaction, and 12.06% expressed dissatisfaction. A statistically significant correlation was found between knowledge, skills, income, promotion opportunities, work supervision, and relationships with colleagues and job satisfaction (p-value <0.001). The correlations were strong, with Spearman's rho of 0.822, 0.869, 0.912, 0.895, and 0.821, respectively. Statistical analysis of the Wilcoxon rank-sum and Kruskal-Wallis tests showed no significant differences in median satisfaction scores between sociodemographic groups (p-value 0.072 to 0.552>0.05). These findings showed that job satisfaction depends on multiple factors. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors play a key role in shaping job satisfaction. Health workforce management should prioritize organizational factors to sustain job satisfaction over sociodemographic factors. Key strategies include regular training, fair salaries, clear promotion paths, strong supervision, and fostering teamwork through leadership training and staff meetings.
Assessing the Impact of the First Feeding Practice on Wasting Risk Among Indonesian Children Under the Age of Five Azrimaidaliza, Azrimaidaliza; Apriliani, Annisa Dwi; Kusuma, Mutiara Tirta Prabandari Lintang
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Abstract

The problem of undernutrition among children under the age of five (the under-five) continues to be alarmingly high in Indonesia, including in West Sumatra Province. Various factors contribute to this issue, with studies suggesting a relationship between intergenerational causes and undernutrition. This study analyzed the main risk factors of wasting among children in Padang City. Data were collected from 174 under-five and divided into unmatched cases that were selected randomly and control groups. The mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire regarding their children’s feeding habits, and weight and height data were collected from primary health care. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio for undernutrition. The findings revealed that 37.6% of the under-five were breastfed, whereas over half received inadequate complementary feeding. Poor breastfeeding practices (p-value = <0.001; OR = 8.389; 95% CI 2.611–14.432) and inadequate complementary feeding (p-value = <0.001; OR = 13.534; 95% CI 6.025–30.400) were identified as major contributors to the increased risk of undernutrition in the under-five. The high prevalence of suboptimal under-five feeding practices in the study area highlights the necessity of enhancing maternal nutrition education to ensure optimal growth and nutrition.
Factors Associated with Caregivers' Concern in Maintaining the Oral Function of Elderly Living in Long-Term Care Facilities Nugraha, Susiana; Rahardjo, Tri Budi Wahyuni; Higashijima, Misako; Hirano, Yuko
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Abstract

This study investigated the attentiveness of elderly caregivers in long-term care facilities in maintaining oral function. A cross-sectional approach was used to achieve the study's purpose. The sample size formula accounted for 213 caregivers randomly selected from 18 long-term care facilities in 4 provinces. A self-reported questionnaire of sociodemographic characteristics and an adapted Leopold’s oral care checklist was distributed. The average age of study participants was 35.24 (±11.2 SD; aged 18–70 years), dominated by females (62.9%), and only 39% had experienced long-term care training. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that younger caregivers likely pay more attention in the swallowing periods (β = -.182), females pay more attention in meal preparation (β = .146), and environmental observation (β = -. 238). Caregivers working in public long-term care facilities and having longer working experience paid more attention in environmental observation (β = .172) and (β = -.161), while training experience showed a significant association with feeding and swallowing periods (β = .291) and (β = .211). This study highlights the importance of training programs for care capacity, particularly oral care.
Risk Factors Associated with Long COVID Among Hospitalized Adults in Several Hospitals in Palembang City, Indonesia Hutapea, Hotma Martogi Lorensi; Sudaryo, Mondastri Korib; Parikesit, Arli Aditya; Miko Wahyono, Tri Yunis; Salim, Nelda Aprilia
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Abstract

Long COVID is characterized by one or more symptoms experienced by individuals prior to a COVID-19 infection that last for ≥2 months, and its risk factors remain unclear. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with long COVID among patients admitted between June 1, 2020, and October 31, 2023, at three referral COVID-19 hospitals in Palembang City, Indonesia. This cohort study included adults who were admitted for ≥5 days. The participant’s medical records were reviewed for admission and discharge dates, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and vaccination and therapy status. A standardized and validated instrument was used to assess fatigue during admission, and a structured questionnaire was used to evaluate long COVID. Cox regression was employed to determine factors associated with long COVID. Among 256 patients, long COVID was identified in 39.1%. Fatigue during admission, chronic kidney disease, thrombocytosis, and positive RT-PCR test at hospital discharge increased the risk of long COVID, whereas being fully vaccinated decreased its risk. This study identifies five risk factors for long COVID and determines that fatigue during admission is the strongest.
Food Hygiene and Sanitation of the University Canteens in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia Rahmiwati, Anita; Febry, Fatmalina; Etrawati, Fenny; Purnama Sari, Indah; Yeni, Yeni; Putri Sabila, Virgina; Prautami, Erike Septa; Maretalinia, Maretalinia
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Abstract

Food safety is a critical public health issue, especially in institutional settings such as university canteens, where large populations are served daily. Inadequate hygiene and sanitation practices by food handlers can lead to foodborne illnesses, placing students and staff at risk. This study evaluated hygiene and sanitation conditions in the canteens of a leading public university in South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, known for its active food service facilities. This study examined food handlers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices and assessed the microbiological safety of chicken curry by testing for Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination and total plate count. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 35 food handlers and 7 chicken curry samples across multiple canteens. Structured questionnaires and microbiological analysis were employed. Results revealed that although most food handlers demonstrated good knowledge and positive attitudes, 57.1% exhibited poor hygiene practices. Several chicken curry samples exceeded acceptable E. coli levels, indicating potential health risks. These findings underscore the urgent need for ongoing hygiene training, strict supervision, and standardized certification for food handlers to mitigate microbial hazards and ensure food safety in university settings.
Machine Learning for Preeclampsia Prediction: Enhancing Screening in Primary Health Care Amelia, Dwirani; Adisasmita, Asri; Siregar, Kemal N; Nurdiati, Detty Siti
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with early detection being critical for reducing adverse outcomes. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model for predicting the risk of preeclampsia using readily available maternal characteristics such as body mass index, mean arterial pressure, and clinical history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Secondary data from 2,250 pregnancies were analyzed, addressing challenges such as missing data and class imbalance through preprocessing. Various algorithms, including support vector machines, random forest, and logistic regression, were evaluated. Herein, a support vector machines model with threshold adjustment showed the best performance, with a sensitivity of 67.5%, specificity of 57.23%, and an area under the curve of 0.68. These findings indicated the promising potential of scalable and interpretable prediction models for enhancing preeclampsia screening in primary health care settings. However, further refinement and validation of the proposed model are required for broader clinical integration to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Development of Audiovisual Media for Reproductive Health Education for Parents of Adolescents Kusumaningrum, Tanjung Anitasari Indah; Inayati, Nurul Latifatul; Asyanti, Setia; Umaroh, Ayu Khoirotul; Livia, Wardhatul; Laili, Ramadani Nur; Trijaya, Trijaya; Dewanti, Ririn Cahya; Kusumawati, Yuli; Arifah, Izzatul
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Abstract

Parents are the primary source of information for adolescents, but many parents lack an understanding of health materials. For knowledge to be increased, health media, one of which is audiovisual media, are desirable. This study aimed to develop audiovisual media on adolescents’ reproductive health. Media development utilized the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model. The respondents in this study were parents of adolescents aged 10–14 years, comprising 10 parents in the small group evaluation, 20 in the field evaluation, and 10 in the implementation stage. The effectiveness of the media was tested through pretests and posttests. Using a questionnaire tested for validity and reliability, the data were collected. The effectiveness of the media was analyzed using N-gain. The results revealed that the seven audiovisual media were suitable for use. At the implementation stage, the N-gain value was 0.55, indicating that the video effectively increased parents’ knowledge of reproductive health. Developing audiovisual media on reproductive health is effective for parents. To ensure parents truly grasp reproductive health information, health institutions should consider creating interactive audiovisual resources. This format would make the material more accessible and comprehensible.
Availability and Distribution of Stoma Bags for Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Case Study at National Referral and Private Hospitals Aryani, Ratna; Lalisang, Toar JM; Dahlia, Debie; Martha, Evi; Hamid, Achir Yani S; Wicaturatmashudi, Sukma; Helen, Helen
Kesmas Vol. 20, No. 2
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Stoma bags are essential for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with stomas. However, access and affordability in Indonesia remain challenging as the National Health Insurance (NHI) does not fully cover these devices. This study aimed to describe the availability and distribution of stoma bags for patients with CRC in national referral and private hospitals, focusing on outpatient access. A qualitative case study was conducted through observations and in-depth interviews with four enterostomal therapy nurses and six patients across three national referral hospitals and one private hospital in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia. Notably, the availability of stoma bags was limited in both hospital types, especially for outpatients. Most patients faced financial barriers, as they had to purchase stoma bags independently at high prices because of limited hospital supply and lack of NHI coverage. Moreover, hospital policies restricted the number of bags distributed, worsening access issues. These challenges increase stoma-related complication risk and negatively affect patients’ quality of life. Integrating stoma bags into NHI coverage, regulating prices, and improving distribution are recommended to reduce healthcare disparities and improve outcomes for CRC patients, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 3.

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