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Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 02169347     EISSN : 23380772     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
JKB contains articles from research that focus on basic medicine, clinical medicine, epidemiology, and preventive medicine (social medicine).
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 40 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)" : 40 Documents clear
Clinical Profile and Prognostic Factors of Mortality in Elderly Covid-19 at Ansari Saleh Hospital Agung SNC, Wiwit; Khairina, Ana; Erianty, Erni
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.13

Abstract

Morbidity and mortality of elderly with Covid-19 are higher than in adults. This study aimed to determine the prognostic factors of mortality in elderly with Covid -19. This research was a retrospective cohort study in patients aged 60 years and older with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of Covid -19 admitted to Ansari Saleh Hospital, South Kalimantan, Indonesia between January to July 2021. Data on age, sex, comorbidities, symptoms, physical examinations, laboratory examinations, chest x-rays, and Covid severity degree were collected, univariate and multivariate analyses performed to determine the independent prognostic factors. The research results showed 209 samples met the criteria. The average age was 66,94 years, dominated by men (57.9%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (48.8%), diabetes mellitus (35.4%), and chronic heart failure (8.1%). The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (79.9%), cough (74.2%), and fever (56.5%). Patients treated mostly had severe/critical degree of Covid -19 (140 patients, or 67%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis on the variables of respiratory rate (p=0.009; OR=1.1), NLR level (p=0.002; OR=1.081), age (p=0.025; OR=2.479) and Covid severity degree (p=0.008; OR=8.206) showed significant results as independent prognostic factors of mortality. Covid severity degree variable has the highest prognostic level; patients with severe Covid degree have an 8.206 times higher chance of death than mild-to-moderate degrees. In conclusion, respiratory rate, NLR level, age, and Covid severity degree can act as prognostic factors of mortality in elderly suffering from Covid-19.
The Role of Plasma Osmolarity in the Mortality of Patients with Covid-19 Indiastari, Dewi; Candradikusuma, Didi; Sutanto, Heri; Budiarti, Niniek; Samsu, Nur
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.12

Abstract

Covid-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a new infectious disease that attacks the respiratory tract and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), causing multiorgan failure, often requiring temporary support such as the use of a ventilator or hemodialysis equipment. This condition is related to an imbalance in fluid distribution associated with changes in osmolarity or hyperosmolarity. This research aims to explain the role of plasma osmolarity in Covid-19 patients at dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, in patient outcomes, especially death outcomes. The sample for this study was 205 medical records of Covid-19 patients, recorded from September 2021 to May 2022. This study used a retrospective cohort design to describe plasma osmolarity in Covid-19 patients and the outcome of hospitalized patients. There were 205 patient data obtained, with 85 patients dying aged <65 years. Sixty-eight patients of Covid-19 with comorbidities (DM, HT, AKI, CKD, combination) died. There was no difference in plasma osmolarity for living and deceased patients. Repeated plasma osmolarity (retest) had a good degree of accuracy in predicting the outcome of Covid-19 patients, where sensitivity was 71.3% and specificity was 73.4% at a cut-off value of 277.32mOsm/L. The repeat plasma osmolarity value of ≥277.32 had a PPV value of 75%, while plasma osmolarity <277.32 had an NPV value of 69.3%. The OR value was 6.77, meaning that Covid-19 patients with repeated plasma osmolarity levels ≥277.32 would have 6.77 times the risk of mortality compared to Covid-19 patients with repeated plasma osmolarity levels <277.32.
Aphrodisiac Activity of Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) Seeds of Ethanol Extract in Mice Alim, Nur; Jasmiadi, Jasmiadi; Nadillah, Nadia; Indrawaty Kadir , Ira; Afirah, Nur
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.1

Abstract

Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), is empirically used by the people of South Sulawesi-Indonesia as an aphrodisiac. Beligo seeds contain alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids, which have the potential to act as aphrodisiacs. The primary objective of this research is to determine the aphrodisiac activity of an ethanol extract from beligo seeds in mice.  The procedure entails extraction and aphrodisiac evaluation using introduction, climbing, and coitus test parameters. Aphrodisiac testing was carried out for seven days using 25 mice as experimental animals, divided into five groups. Each group consists of four males and one female. Group I was given Sod. CMC 1% as a negative control; II, III, and IV were given ethanol extracts of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg, 700mg/kg, 1400mg/kg BW, and group V, as a positive control, was given Yohimbine. The results showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW, 700mg/kg BW, and 1400mg/kg BW had aphrodisiac activity (p=0.0001) compared to Sod. CMC 1% based on data on the amount of introduction and climbing. However, based on data on the number of coitus, it showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW (p=0.072) had no aphrodisiac activity, 700mg/kg BW (p=0.007), 1400mg/kg BW (p=0.0001) had aphrodisiac activity compared to Na-CMC 1% and only a dose of 1400 mg/kg BW had the same aphrodisiac activity compared with Yohimbine (p=0.967). It is concluded that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds had aphrodisiac activity.
Effectiveness of Social Skills Training to Improve Social Functioning Scores in Schizophrenia Patients at X Lawang Mental Hospital Ratna, Dwi; Supriyanto, Irwan; Pratiti, Budi
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.10

Abstract

Disability can cause social dysfunctions that affect daily activities, social interaction, and work, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of schizophrenics so that they depend on other people. The use of pharmacotherapy alone is not enough; psychosocial interventions such as social skills training (SST) is needed to improve social functioning in schizophrenic patients. Incorporating social skills training (SST) into a multifaceted treatment and rehabilitation program is deemed significant. The study aimed to determine the effect of social skills training to improve social functions in schizophrenia patients in X Lawang Mental Health. This study used a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test and post-test. Of 40 patients with schizophrenia who were admitted to X Lawang Mental Health fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion requirements. Social function scores were measured using the Personal and Social Performance (PSP) instrument before and after the social skills training intervention. The level of significance of statistical tests is stated at p<0.05. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test and linear regression. There was significant difference in social functioning scores between before and after social skills training with a value of p=0.000 (p<0.05). The results of the multivariate linear regression test showed that social skills training had a statistically significant effect to improve social function scores with a value of p=0.000. Social skills training has a significant effect to improve social functioning scores in schizophrenics at X Lawang Mental Health.
Imperforata Hymen: Secondary Urinary Retention due to Hematocolpos Compression in a 13-Year-Old Woman Sentosa, I Gede Bagus; Kurniawan, Rommy Andika
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.18

Abstract

Imperforate hymen is a rare congenital anomaly in which the hymen completely covers the vaginal opening, caused by the failure of vaginal plate canalization during the embryonic period. This article reported a 13-year-old girl with a chief complaint of cyclic monthly lower abdominal pain, suprapubic pain, and inability to urinate. She denied prior menstruation. Cystic mass was palpated in the suprapubic area, and the hymen was seen covering the entire vaginal introitus. Hematometra and hematocolpos were found on abdominal ultrasonography and the patient was diagnosed with imperforate hymen. Hymenectomy was performed and she had regular menstruation afterwards. If left untreated, it can lead to morbidities such as infection, endometriosis, subfertility, and kidney failure. It is essential for clinicians to consider imperforate hymen as the differential diagnosis and examine the external genitalia, especially in adolescents with cyclic monthly lower abdominal pain and amenorrhea.
Case Series: Two Cases of Critical Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Focusing on the Timing of Diagnosis and Management Koentartiwi, Dyahris; Ramadhanti, Ardhanis; Damayani Susilo, Monica
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.17

Abstract

Critical stenosis of the pulmonary valve in neonates is related to ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation. Percutaneous transcatheter balloon valvuloplasty (PTBV) is the treatment of choice for critical pulmonary stenosis. Unfortunately, many children in developing countries are usually diagnosed late and seldom get immediate care, which leads to delayed growth and development and, ultimately, higher morbidity and mortality. We present two cases of critical pulmonary artery stenosis in a 17-year-old boy and a 4-day-old girl who received PTBV procedures, but had different outcomes. We underline the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in critical pulmonary stenosis for the patient’s prognosis.
Correlation between De Ritis Ratio with Severity of Covid-19 Patients Severity Rostini, Tiene; Khairunnissa, Khairunnissa; Turbawaty, Dewi Kartika
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.14

Abstract

SARS COV-2 is the causative agent of the infectious disease Corona Virus Illness-19 (Covid-19). Covid-19 can cause damage to multiple organs, including the liver. The de Ritis ratio is a ratio between AST and ALT in blood serum, which may be a useful indicator for assessing liver damage in Covid-19 patients. The aim of this study is to determine the association between the severity of liver injury and an increase in the de Ritis ratio in Covid-19. The study population included patients with acute Covid-19 disease whose infection was validated using real-time PCR. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.  There were 1.983 subjects included, and 1.123 belonged to the moderate, 673 severe, and 181 to the critical groups. Calculations using Spearman rank revealed a strong significant association between De Ritis ratio and Covid-19 grade severity (rs=0.624, p<0.001). The more severe Covid-19, the higher de Ritis ratio values. The ROC curve of de Ritis ratio with Covid-19 severity shows AUC of 0.771 (P<0.001), sensitivity of 63.5%, specificity of 90.6%, PPV of 98.5% and an NPV of 20.02%. In conclusion, the severity of Covid-19 symptoms increases proportionally with the de Ritis ratio.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Value and Platelet Counts in Pediatric Dengue Patients at RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung Irawati, Indri; Tristina, Nina; Andriyoko, Basti
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.8

Abstract

Plasma leakage, thrombocytopenia, and cytokines play roles in pathogenesis of dengue infection. Thrombocytopenia correlates with severity of the disease. Dengue virus infection produces cytokines that stimulate C-Reactive Protein (CRP). This study aims to describe the results of CRP and platelet counts with severity of dengue infection in paediatric inpatient at Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung. This is a descriptive observational study with retrospective, cross-sectional data collection in January 1-December 31, 2021 at Hasan Sadikin Hospital. From 32 total subjects, there were 24(75%) non-severe dengue infections compared to severe dengue 8(25%). Non-severe dengue 19(79.2%), had the most platelet counts of 50,000-150,000/L, while platelets count 20,000-50,000/µL was mostly in severe dengue 4/8(50%). CRP value was mostly normal (<0.3mg/dl) as many as 18/24(75%) in mild dengue, whereas in severe dengue CRP was mostly high as many as 6/8(75%). CRP examination is mostly done in critical phase, both in severe and non-severe dengue. Severe dengue infection was found mostly in platelet counts of 50,000-150,000/µL and normal CRP level as many as 14(58.3%). In severe dengue infection, platelet counts was found mostly in 20,000-50,000/µL and high CRP (≥0.3mg/dl) as many as 3(37.5%). Most cases of dengue fever infections in children at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in 2021 were of mild severity, with platelet counts ranging from 50,000 to 150,000/µL and normal CRP levels. Examinations were typically carried out during the critical phase.
Risk Factors Analysis for Rapid In-Hospital Mortality among Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Indonesia Febriawati, Juwita; Putra, Ngakan Putu Parsama; Listyoko, Aditya Sri; Djajalaksana, Susanthy
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.15

Abstract

Systemic inflammation plays an important role in pathogenesis of Covid-19, especially in development of ARDS which is characterized by decrease of PaO2/FiO2 ratio. CRP and procalcitonin are inflammatory markers that are closely associated with severity and mortality of Covid-19. Although several studies have addressed benefit of CRP and procalcitonin as markers on Covid-19 severity, the benefit of these inflammatory markers for in-hospital mortality remain inadequately understood. The aim of this study was to analyze PaO2/FiO2 ratio,comorbidity,CRP,and procalcitonin as risk factors that affect time of in-hospital mortality Covid-19 patient. This was a retrospective observational cohort study of 250 Covid-19 patients who died during hospitalization and data was retrieved from medical record. Laboratory data was collected from three different times, including at time of admission,third day of hospital care,and before patient’s death. Data were analyzed using Chi square test,Mann Whitney test,Wilcoxon test, Friedman test, and binary logistic regresion. There were significant differences between CRP and procalcitonin at admission and time of in-hospital mortality (p<0.001; p=0.007). Binary logistic regression  analysis revealed significant relationship between CRP and time of in-hospital mortality with p=0.007. ROC curve showed optimal threshold of 11.75mg/L with sensitivity 72.3%; specificity 59.6%, RR 3.24(95% CI: 1.84-5.70). Significant changes were observed regarding PaO2/FiO2 ratio,CRP,and procalcitonin at admission as compared to before patient’s death with p<0.001;p=0.017;p<0.001 respectively. This study showed significant decrease of PaO2/FiO2 ratio, elevated CRP and procalcitonin at admission as compared to before patient’s death. The increase of CRP could serve as predictor for time of in-hospital mortality for Covid-19 patient.
Examining the Relationship between Infection Control Practices and ESBL Bacterial Carriage in Healthcare Workers Ayunisih, Lintang Sekar; Krisniawati, Nia; Wicaksono, Madya Ardi; Hestiyani, Rani Afifah Nur; Widhi, Anriani Puspita Karunia Ning
Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya Vol. 33 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkb.2024.033.02.9

Abstract

The Enterobacteriaceae family widely produces Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), and infection by ESBL-producing bacteria can significantly increase morbidity, complicate therapeutic difficulties, escalating healthcare costs, and increase mortality rates. Transmission of these bacteria within the hospital environment may lead to the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacterial carriers among healthcare workers. Health workers' infection prevention and control (IPC) behavior plays a role in transmitting these pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to determine the relationship between IPC behavior and the incidence of ESBL-producing bacterial carriers in health workers at Banjarnegara Islamic Hospital. This research used an observational analytic approach with a cross-sectional method. The sampling technique involved purposive sampling, resulting in a total sample of 61 people. Data were obtained by completing an IPC behavior questionnaire and collecting rectal swab samples cultured on CHROM ESBL Agar media. Statistical analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney test. The research identified a prevalence of 13.1% (8/61) ESBL-producing bacterial carriers among health workers at Banjarnegara Islamic Hospital. However, based on statistical analysis, the p-value was 0.664, leading to the rejection of the hypothesis (accepted if p-value <0.05). In conclusion, there is no significant relationship between IPC behavior and the incidence of ESBL-producing bacterial carriers in health workers at Banjarnegara Islamic Hospital.

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