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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION OF DIFFERENT RAINFOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE GUNUNG GEDE PANGRANGO NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA Sunyata, Agus; Rakhmi Zulhida, Isna; Triwahyuningsih, Nike; Raharja, Kanda
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2042

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- High demand for environmental services makes the park vulnerable to human activities.- Both ecosystems are well regenerated; seedling > sapling > pole > tree (inverted J)- Both ecosystems show normal diversity conditions and stable species distribution.- Growth of Maesopsis eminii needs monitoring to preserve forest purity.- Montane forests have greater biomass, carbon stocks, less anthropogenic disturbanceABSTRACTThe Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) area is one of the vital ecosystems that support the environment in West Java Province, Indonesia. It is a unique area that has multiple forest ecosystems, including lowland rainforest and montane rainforest ecosystems. Despite the GGPNP’s status as a conservation area, the high demand for the GGPNP’s environmental services makes the region vulnerable to disturbances from human activities. Several studies have been conducted in the GGPNP area (lowland and montane forest ecosystems), however, the results of this study are still necessary to explain the forest dynamics and forest carbon sequestration in this location. The objective of this research was to analyze the structure, composition, and carbon sequestration of stands in the lowland and montane rainforest ecosystems in the GGPNP area. Data processing and analyses were conducted using diversity indices, biomass-carbon stock estimation, and carbon dioxide sequestration estimation. The results showed that the GGPNP lowland and montane rainforest ecosystems were well regenerated. The number of seedlings > saplings > poles > trees and the graph showed a reverse “J” pattern. The GGPNP lowland rainforest ecosystem was dominated by Neonauclea lanceolata and had relatively higher species diversity. The GGPNP montane rainforest ecosystem was dominated by Castanopsis acuminatissima with a higher individual density, denser canopy, and more complex canopy strata. The lack of regeneration in several species of trees heightens the threat to these species’ existence in the future. Biomass, carbon stocks, and carbon sequestration in the GGPNP montane rainforest were greater than those in the GGPNP lowland rainforest. The GGPNP montane rainforest ecosystem had older forest stands, a larger average tree diameter, and lower potential for anthropogenic disturbances.
EVALUATION OF INDONESIAN LOCAL SOYBEAN BASED ON CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VISIBLE - NEAR INFRARED SPECTRA WITH CHEMOMETRICS Masithoh, Rudiati Evi; Abadi, Farid R; Sutiarso, Lilik; Rahayoe, Sri
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2054

Abstract

Soybean characterization is essential to ensure product quality during distribution according to internal values. In this context, non-destructive characterization method, such as spectroscopy, offer an effective and efficient approach to testing soybean quality in field applications. Among the instruments that are widely used for testing soybean quality, the semi-portable visible near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectrometer operating at a specific range of 345 to 1033 nm has been proven effective. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate soybean seeds characterization using Vis-NIR spectroscopy with PCA and PLSR chemometric methods. The investigation was carried out using soybean seeds consisting of eight varieties locally produced on Java Island, Indonesia, including Dega1, Dena1, Deja2, Dering1, Devon1, Yellow Flap, Green, and Detam4, in the form of intact, crumble, flour, and paste. Several quality parameters such as protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, ash, water, chlorophyll, total carotene, vitamin C, and L*, a*, and b* values were measured across intact, crumble, flour, and paste samples. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that sample form and genotypes affected soybean classification. Furthermore, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) showed adequate model calibration for crude fiber, chlorophyll, total carotene, and vitamin C parameters. Based on this analysis, it could be concluded that Vis-NIR spectroscopy proved to be suitable for the classification and prediction of soybean characterization.
INFLUENCE OF TAURINE ON LARVAL EYE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF GOLDEN RABBITFISH (Siganus guttatus) Darsiani, Darsiani; Setiawati, Mia; Jusadi, Dedi; Suprayudi, Muhammad Agus; Laining, Asda
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2057

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Taurine improves eye development in golden rabbitfish larvae- Enhanced growth performance with taurine-enriched rotifers- Taurine positively impacts fish eye and body growthABSTRACTGolden rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is an emerging species for aquaculture industry, despite constrains faced on commercial scale of seed production due to the high mortality during the first-feeding stage. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of taurine through enrichment of rotifers as live-feed on eye development and growth performance of larval golden rabbitfish. Observation of eye development was carried out by measuring eye diameter of the larva and development of the retina based on histology assessment. Growth performance was measured for absolute growth and fin development of the larvae and survival rate. The results showed that taurine-enriched rotifer generally provided better performances for eye development and growth of larval golden rabbitfish compared with control (without taurine). Increase of taurine dose up to 0.050 g/L resulted in an increase of eye diameter, absolute growth, fin development and survival rate. Further increased increment of the taurine tended to decrease the values of the measured parameters. The eye diameter of larval golden rabbitfish fed with 0.050 g/L taurine-enriched rotifer was significantly wider (106.1±9.8 µm) (P < 0.05) compared with control (58.2±14.3 µm), but did not significantly differ from other doses of taurine (P > 0.05). Body width of larvae fed with 0.050 g/L taurine-enriched rotifer was significantly higher (127.3±14.6 µm) (P < 0.05) compared with control (98.8±18.3 µm). In regard to eye development, growth performances (total length, fin development and survival rate), dose of taurine for rotifer enrichment fed to larval golden rabbitfish Siganus guttatus was 0.050 g/L.
EFFICIENCY OF FERMENTED SEAWEED EXTRACT AS FOLIAR FERTILIZER AT VARYING FREQUENCY AND CONCENTRATION IN PEANUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) PRODUCTION Bangi, Juliet; Sheirene M. Marajuli, Fatima
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2064

Abstract

Fermented seaweed extract (FSE) was used as fertilizer in peanut production at MSU Sulu –BARMM, Philippines. The experiment was set up in a 3 x 5 factorial in split-plot randomized complete block design (RCBD), with the main plot (A) as the frequency of the fertilizer applied - once a week, twice a week, and once a month while, the sub-plot (B) as the concentration at 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The application of fermented seaweed extract significantly influenced the growth parameters and yield responses in peanut production. The treatment combinations of once- and twice-a-week application of 5-10% fermented seaweed extract provided the best results in peanut growth and yield. FSE applied twice a week at 5% concentration gave the highest yield of 2.49 tons per hectare. Peanut applied with FSE once a week at a 5% concentration gave the lowest cost of expenses and the highest return on investment of 179%.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE Odontomachus infandus SPECIES GROUP (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) FROM PANGASINAN, PHILIPPINES, WITH NOTES ON SPECIES ECOLOGY C. Acuña, Darrell; Oliver, Decier
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2083

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- New species of Odontomachus- Distribution and ecological notes- Updated species key ABSTRACTA new species of Odontomachus Latreille, 1804 named O. ampipitbaybay sp. nov. is illustrated and described from specimens collected along the coastal area of Alaminos City, Pangasinan, Luzon Island, Philippines, with notes on its species ecology. The new species is diagnosed and compared against closely related species from Luzon. A distribution map of selected Philippine Odontomachus species is provided, and a modification to the key to the Philippine Odontomachus is proposed.
6 – BENZYLAMINOPURINE INDUCES HIGH-FREQUENCY MULTIPLICATION IN VULNERABLE Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham.: A POTENTIAL EX VIVO CONSERVATION TOOL Vaze, Gayatri; Pramod Hurkadale; Hegde, Harsha
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2120

Abstract

A rapid high-frequency multiplication protocol is designed for Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, an endemic species to the Western Ghats of India. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Taxa mentions this species as vulnerable due to multiple underlying causes. The Plant is extensively used in traditional and tribal medicine. The species has suffered habitat loss due to uncontrolled use for tribal medicine leading to a 30% loss in the last decade. This study is planned with a specific objective to conserve the species, and this is the first-ever report of micropropagation of Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham using in vitro multiplication. An efficient rapid protocol for Micropropagation is developed using rhizome bud explants. The explants are transferred from MS basal medium onto the MS medium fortified with BAP, KN, TDZ at a varying concentration range. The maximum shoot induction is observed in MS medium enriched with BAP 2mg L-1resulting in 9.66 ±2.08 number of shoots per explant with a shoot length of 6.40 ±0.36cm. The root induction response is studied by aseptically transferring the shoots onto MS medium fortified with NAA, IBA, and IAA at varying concentration. Maximum root length and root number is recorded in MS supplemented with 1- Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) at 0.5 mg L-1. However, a 100 % root induction frequency is observed in all the samples under study. The rooted plantlets are removed from the culture flasks and transferred into hardening media containing 1:1:1 ratio of Sand: Soil: Cocopeat. The hardened plants are healthy and disease-free and showed a 92% survival after acclimatization.
OPTIMIZATION OF KINETIN CONCENTRATIONS AND MEDIUM COMPOSITIONS FOR CITRUS SHOOT MULTIPLICATION FROM COTILEDONARY NODE Nugroho, Kristianto; Kosmiatin, Mia; Santoso, Tri Joko; Sukma, Dewi; Purwito, Agus; Husni, Ali; Martasari, Chaireni
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2136

Abstract

Plant regeneration post-genetic transformation play an important an role in genome editing activities that should be optimized via several factors such as the composition of the medium and the concentration of plant growth regulators. This study aimed to optimize the kinetin concentrations and medium compositions for shoot multiplication originating from cotyledon node explants of several local citrus cultivars. The cotyledonary nodes from three citrus cultivars (Batu 55, Siam Madu, and Proksi-1 Agrihorti) were incubated in MS medium with Morel and Wetmore vitamins (VMW) supplemented with several kinetin concentrations (0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; and 1 mg/L). The best kinetin concentrations for number of shoots variable were then combined with MT medium. The results showed that kinetin concentration at 0.8 mg/L gave the best number of shoot in Batu 55 cultivar as well as 1 mg/L concentration in Siam Madu and Proksi-1 Agrihorti cultivars. The combination 1 mg/L kinetin with Murashige and Tucker (MT) medium showed the best number of shoots, percentage of shoot formation, number of leaves, number of nodes, and shoot length in this study. This medium composition could be further used for shoot multiplication in genetic transformation in those three citrus cultivars, including genome editing activities in development of new improved citrus varieties.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Donax faba (BIVALVIA: DONACIDAE) OBTAINED FROM KUTANG BEACH, LAMONGAN, INDONESIA Ambarwati, Reni; Rachmadiarti, Fida; Fitrihidajati, Herlina; Purnomo, Tarzan; Rahayu, Dwi Anggorowati; Faizah, Ulfi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2143

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTSThis study revealed 19 morphological variations of edible wedge clams, Donax faba (Bivalvia: Donacidae), from Kutang Beach, Lamongan, Indonesia, which has significant role as part of coastal ecosystem.This reseach also highlights the DNA barcoding of Donax faba based on COI gene (Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I).The average genetic distance of the research samples was 0.46%, while the value of this parameter between the research samples and the ingroup was found to be 1.51%. ABSTRACTDonax faba is a type of wedge clams with significant ecological and economic roles, as well as variations in color, pattern, and morphometric properties. Recently, a particular population of unidentified D. faba was reported from Kutang Beach, Lamongan, Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the morphological variations and molecular characteristics of D. faba obtained from Kutang Beach based on COI gene. A total of 288 samples were collected during the lowest tide for morphological characterization of the color, pattern, and morphometrics of the shells. Additionally, molecular characterization was conducted based on the composition of nucleotide bases and amino acids of COI gene, genetic distance, as well as the relationships. The results showed that D. faba had 19 morphological variations, among which the most dominant type contained a whitish exterior with brown spots and a whitish purple interior. The average genetic distance of the samples was 0.46%, while the value was calculated as 1.51% between the samples and the ingroup. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) analysis performed using a prior maximal distance of 0.001 showed the separation of these species into distinct categories.
ENHANCEMENT OF TOMATO GROWTH AND BIOCONTROL OF FUSARIUM SOLANI ROOT ROT DISEASE BY STREPTOMYCES ROCHEI BT02 Nguyen, Phong V.; Nguyễn , Hảo Vĩnh Lưu; Lê, Đạm T.; Nguyễn, Hạnh H. T.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2159

Abstract

This study investigated the dual role of Streptomyces rochei BT02 in promoting tomato growth and suppressing Fusarium solani, the causative agent of tomato root rot disease. Various assays were conducted to evaluate the plant growth-promoting attributes of strain BT02 including indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, phosphate solubilization, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Under in vitro conditions, strain BT02 exhibited plant growth-promoting characteristics such as cellulose degradation, phosphate solubilization, IAA synthesis, biofilm formation, and siderophore production. Application of strain BT02 significantly improved tomato seed germination (26.7%), with enhanced sprout and radicle lengths and seed vigor (38.6%). Greenhouse experiments revealed substantial increases in plant height, leaf and branch numbers, inflorescence, and flower number, emphasizing the positive impact of strain BT02 on overall plant growth. The BT02 strain demonstrated antagonistic efficacy of 45.3 to 58.9% against Fusarium solani, as evidenced by the dual culture and agar well diffusion methods. Under greenhouse conditions, strain BT02 significantly reduced disease incidence and demonstrated control efficacy of 41.6% against Fusarium solani, highlighting its biocontrol potential. This study provides insights into the mechanisms employed by Streptomyces rochei BT02 to enhance plant growth and suppress root rot disease, paving the way for its application as a biocontrol agent in sustainable agriculture.
The THE POTENCY OF CINNAMON (Cinnamomum burmanni Blume) LEAF EXTRACT AS A BIOPRESERVATIVE AGENT FOR FOOD SAFETY OF SATE LILIT: - Darmayasa, Ida Bagus Gede; Ramona, Yan; Darmadi, Anak Agung Ketut; Suanda, I Wayan; Hani, Ni Luh; Shetty, Kalidas
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2165

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Cinnamon leaf extract combats E. coli in traditional Balinese food.- Natural preservative reduces harmful pathogens in sate lilit.- Cinnamon extract offers a safer alternative to synthetic preservatives.- Active compounds in cinnamon leaves inhibit bacterial growth.- Effective biopreservative for enhancing food safety and quality. ABSTRACTEscherichia coli O157:H7 contamination of the meat used in preparing sate lilit, a favorite traditional food in Bali, Indonesia, has been a great concern for both local people and foreigners. Although C. burmanni has been included in its spice ingredients, active compounds that play a significant role in this pathogen have limitedly been elucidated. The main objectives of this research were to investigate the potency of this plant to control contaminants and elucidate possible compounds that prevent such contaminants by applying the disk diffusion method and LCMS analysis, respectively. The results showed that the leaf extract of this plant inhibited the in vitro growth of E. coli O157:7, with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and LC50 values of 4% and 2.59%, respectively. The LCMS analysis chromatogram showed that the plant extract's most active fraction produced nine peaks, representing nine possible active compounds. Among those, three compounds (Azoxystrobin, Stigmatellin Y, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) were suspected of contributing to control contamination, especially by E. coli O157:H7.

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