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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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ECOLOGICAL INDICES OF MANGROVE GASTROPODS COMMUNITY IN NICKEL MINING IMPACTED AREA OF POMALAA, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI Purnama, Muhammad; Budi Prayitno, Slamet; Rudolf Muskananfola, Max; Suryanti, Suryanti
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2267

Abstract

Article Highlights- Gastropods (Invertebrates: Mollusca) have the potential to be developed as biological indicators of the health of coastal aquatic environments- The development of gastropod communities has been proven to provide a significant ecological response in assessing environmental quality in the mangrove in relation to overburden waste input from nickel mining activities.- Overburden waste systemically degrades the ground floor (substrate) of the mangrove ecosystem as an area where the entire life cycle of the gastropod community is carried out.AbstractThis research aimed to determine the structure of gastropod community in the nickel mining impact area in the mangrove ecosystem of Tambea Village, Pomalaa District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The scope of this research was gastropod community influenced by nickel mining activities, especially the impact of overburden waste input (reddish-orange colored sediment) toward the health status of the aquatic environment based on the ecological indices of the gastropod community in the mangrove ecosystem of Tambea Village. Two sampling methods were adopted in this research: (1) purposive sampling method to determine stations (locus) and (2) simple random sampling method to determine the distribution of substations or sampling points. Gastropod samples were taken using handpicking techniques. The structure of gastropod community in mangrove area affected by overburden waste showed low diversity index values (H’ = 0.81), low species richness (R = 1.75), moderate evenness (E = 0.50), and dominance of certain species (C = 0.54). The results of this research showed the massive impact of overburdened waste, which can systemically degrade the life of the typical fauna that make up the mangrove ecosystem. Three gastropods species were observed to live in the research location, namely Telescopium telescopium, Terebralia sulcata, and Terebralia palustris having low abundance (1-9 ind./m2) which can survive in environment exposed to overburden waste. Many of gastropod species were found dead, indicated by the finding of 2 shells of Ellobium aurisjudae. The input of overburdened waste may imply degradation system of the aquatic environment, especially in the mangrove ecosystem. This research offers outlooks of overburden waste on aquatic biota in mangrove ecosystems and other complimentary ecosystems. In the end, the condition of the gastropod community in a watered area becomes a basis of the health status of the water environment.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROBING AND CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY FOR GENDER DETERMINATION IN RETICULATED PYTHONS (Malayopython reticulatus) Tan, Zhi Yien; Poetri, Okti Nadia; Ulum, Mokhamad Fakhrul
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2278

Abstract

Article Highlights- Accurate gender identification supports effective breeding programs and ensures snakes' welfare.- This study emphasizes that probing is more reliable and efficient than contrast radiography for gender determination in reticulated pythons.- The probing method proved to have 100% accuracy in determining the gender of reticulated pythons, outperforming contrast radiography, which only achieved 75% accuracy. AbstractReticulated pythons, like most snakes, do not exhibit noticeable sexual differences, which makes gender determination necessary. Probing and contrast radiography were chosen as methods to determine sex and to compare their accuracy. Six reticulated pythons with body lengths of 128-167 cm, tail lengths of 5.4-9.6 cm, and body diameters of 1.4-3.4 cm were examined twice by probing and contrast radiography. The results showed that probing had 100% accuracy, with probe lengths ranging from 1.37-3.60 cm for male snakes and 0.3-0.76 cm for female snakes. Contrast radiography had 75% accuracy, with the hemipenis appearing as a white silhouette and female snakes appearing colorless. The accuracy rates highlight the effectiveness of probing over contrast radiography for reliable gender determination in reticulated pythons
TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND MANAGEMENT IN AGROFORESTRY POHPOHAN (Pilea melastomoides): THE CASE IN THE TRADITIONAL ZONE OF GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK, INDONESIA Permatasari, Adisti; Ananda Mosa, Sheikha; Winata, Bayu; Rusniarsyah, Lufthi; Peniwidiyanti, Peniwidiyanti; Izzbilhaq, Izzbilhaq
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2281

Abstract

Article Highlights- Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides) is the main commodity cultivated by using traditional agroforestry in the traditional zone of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park as a fresh vegetable.- There is a limited database of plant species diversity in the traditional zones, which is dynamic and needs further research.- This study found 54 tree species from 37 families with the dominant family being Rubiaceae.- Most farmers cultivated Pohpohan by conducting plant spacing, maintenance, and harvesting. Their income is USD 154 – 256/month. AbstractGunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) is Java's largest tropical mountain forest. GHSNP is still facilitating community grounds around GHSNP with the existence of a traditional zone. Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides) is the primary commodity in the traditional zone cultivated by the local people around GHSNP. Pohpohan is planted using traditional agroforestry planting patterns. The traditional zone has a limited plant species diversity and management database, so further study is necessary. This study was conducted in the traditional zone of GHSNP, specifically at the agroforestry system in Tamansari Village, Bogor Regency. Data collection of tree diversity was conducted by establishing 25 plots. This study also interviewed 30 local farmers belonging to the Mandiri farmer group. There are 54 species from 37 families. Rubiaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae, and Phyllanthaceae families are the most common families. Pinus merkusii, Agathis dammara, and Maesopsis eminii have the highest important value index (IVI) values. Understorey and seedlings have a low category on H' due to the dominant planting of Pohpohan. Most respondents are people aged 35-55 (70%) with a farming area of 1000 m2. They cultivate Pohpohan by conducting plant spacing, plant maintenance (e.g., soil cultivation, weeding, fertilization), and harvesting. Most farmers conduct fertilization 9 times/year. Farmers produce 30.000-50.000 bunches/harvest. The price of a bunch of Pohpohan is 0,00054 USD. Their income is about 154 USD – 256 USD/month.
CONSERVATION STATUS AND PROPAGATION OF Camellia dalatensis AND Camellia capitata BY CUTTINGS Le Hong , En; Do Van, Duong; Nguyen Pham, Doan; Nguyen Van, Phuc; Ngo Van, Cam; Le Thi Thuy, Hoa; Nguyen Ba, Trung; Ho Si, Hung; Ngo Giang, Phi; Nguyen Thanh, Nguyen; Hoang Thanh, Truong; Truong Quang, Cuong
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2284

Abstract

Article Highlights- Camellia dalatensis and Camellia capitata are critically endangered species.- Habitat loss and deforestation threaten the survival of these Camellia species.- Vegetative propagation aids conservation of critically endangered Camellia species.- Rooting success depends on cutting types, growth regulators, and substrate mix.- Research aids conservation efforts for Vietnam’s rare and vulnerable flora. AbstractCamellia dalatensis (V. D. Luong, Ninh & Hakoda) and Camellia capitata (Orel, Curry & Luu) are classified as critically endangered (CR) by the IUCN. Conservation solutions for these two species have not yet been fully implemented, while wild populations are declining. This research on vegetative propagation examined the efficacy of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA in solution or in powdered activated charcoal), cutting types (terminal shoot or stem cuttings), and substrates for the growth of cuttings (sand-coir dust mixes) on rooting efficiency. The highest rooting of C. dalatensis was observed in terminal shoot cuttings at 1,000 ppm IBA, and 25% sand and 75% coir dust substrate. Maximum values obtained were survival 95.6%, rooting percentage 88.9%, number of roots per cutting 6.9, root length 6.2 cm, and rooting index 42.9. For C. capitata, superior rooting was obtained with semi-hardwood cuttings, at 1,500 ppm IBA, and equal parts of sand and coir dust as substrate. Camellia capitata was more difficult to root, with maximum values of 65.6% survival, 52.2% rooting, 2.8 roots per cutting, 2.9 cm root length, and rooting index of 8.1. The results of this study can be used to support further propagation and conservation of these two endangered species.
ANTIMALARIAL MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY TRADITIONAL HEALERS IN BENGKULU PROVINCE OF INDONESIA Susanti, Dian; Putra, Aditya Dwi Permana; Safrina, Devi; Wijaya, Nur Rahmawati; Adi, M Bakti Samsu; Mujahid, Rohmat; Rukmana, Rizal Maarif; Subositi, Dyah; Haryanti, Sari; Siswanto, Usman; Widiyastuti, Yuli
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2318

Abstract

Article Highlights- This research provides information on the use of medicinal plants for treating malaria among ethnic groups in Bengkulu Province.- This research was part of RISTOJA (Research on Medicinal Plants), national research conducted by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.- Several compounds found in medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the Bengkulu Province have been scientifically proven to be effective as antimalarial medication.AbstractMalaria is a disease with a high mortality rate and is still a significant problem in Indonesia and globally. One of the provinces in Indonesia that uses a diversity of medicinal plants to treat malaria is Bengkulu Province. This research aims to inventory and evaluate the use of medicinal plants as malaria drugs in Bengkulu Province. The research methods used were observation, interviews, and the collection of samples. Respondents were traditional healers from seven ethnic groups in Bengkulu. Plant species, use value (UV) parameters, fidelity level (FL), family use value (FUV), relative frequency of citation (RFC), and plant parts value (PPV) were analyzed. This study found 32 specific herbal concoctions and identified the use of 47 plant species in 28 families used by 20 healers in 6 ethnic groups of Bengkulu. The species Carica papaya, Peronema canescens, and Tinospora crispa have the highest use value, fidelity level, and relative frequency of citation. The Lamiaceae and Caricaceae families have the highest family use value (0.15). The leaves (43.9%) and barks (13.6%) were the most frequently utilized parts of medicinal plants to overcome malaria. Decoction was the method most widely used by traditional healers in Bengkulu to prepare conventional medicine formula.
TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF DILLENIA sp. AGAINST ESCHERICHIA coli Martina, Shiena Mae; Cabalquinto, Gene Patrish; Lumogdang, Leonel
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2320

Abstract

Article Highlights- The study first reported taxonomic study of Dillenia sp. in Malita, Davao, Occidental Philippines. - This is the first reported findings of the bacterial activity of the bark extract of Dillenia sp. against Escherichia coli. AbstractThe study aimed to provide a taxonomic description of Dillenia sp. and evaluate its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The taxonomic description was characterized using the taxonomic keys and field guides. The antibacterial activity of Dillenia sp. was screened using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay. Taxonomic description confirms Dillenia sp. to be an angiosperm flowering seed plant native to the Philippines, characterized by its round-shaped growth and evergreen foliage. The antibacterial activity of Dillenia sp. bark extracts against E. coli were assessed using different concentrations (100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm) and extraction solvents (ethanolic, aqueous, and decoction). There are significant differences in the antibacterial activity observed among treatments within the decoction extracts, indicating varying effects on antibacterial activity. Post-hoc analysis revealed that concentrations of 100 ppm and 500 ppm were significantly more effective in inhibiting bacterial growth compared to 1000 ppm within the Decoction treatment. Each treatment showed distinct patterns of antibacterial activity, with ethanolic and aqueous extracts displaying relatively consistent activity across different concentrations, while the decoction extract exhibited concentration-dependent antibacterial activity. The study provides evidence of the antibacterial potential of Dillenia sp. bark extracts against Escherichia coli, with implications for further research and potential practical applications in combating bacterial infections. Recommendations include exploring different lower concentration ranges, considering different treatment formulations, investigating combination treatments, and assessing antimicrobial mechanisms to enhance efficacy and guide the development of novel antibacterial strategies.
TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS DETECTION FROM TICKS INFESTING Malayopython reticulatus (REPTILIA: PYTHONIDAE) SNAKES IN INDONESIA Supriyono, Supriyono; Sophia, Hana Faizah; Hadi, Upik Kesumawati; Soviana, Susi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 1 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 1 April 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.1.2107

Abstract

Article Highlights:- A total of 38 ticks were collected from M. reticulatus, comprising 13 A. helvolum and 25 A. varanense.- Spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. (7.89%) and reptile-associated Borrelia sp. (2.63%) were detected in male Amblyomma helvolum ticks collected from Malayopython reticulatus snakes in Indonesia.- Snake-associated ticks may harbor emerging pathogens, underscoring the importance of tick surveillance in reptiles for early disease detection and zoonotic prevention. Abstract: Ticks are important arthropod vectors of numerous diseases in humans and animals. Furthermore, ticks are also established vectors and reservoirs of pathogens important to wildlife and human health. Rickettsia and Borrelia are two genera of bacteria that may be transmitted by ticks, and some pathogenic species are zoonosis. This research investigated the prevalence of Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia sp. in Amblyomma helvolum and Amblyomma varanense ticks fed on Malayopython reticulatus and Python bivittatus snakes in Indonesia. A total of 38 ticks were collected from three M. reticulatus snakes, while no ticks were found on the P. bivittatus snake. The 38 ticks consisted of 13 individuals A. helvolum and 25 individuals A. varanense. PCR analysis revealed that three (3/38; 7.89%) male A. helvolum ticks were positive for spotted fever group Rickettsia spp. and one (1/38; 2.63%) male A. helvolum tick was positive for a reptile-associated group Borrelia sp. Although the overall prevalence of tick-borne pathogens was low, this study underscores the importance of monitoring the prevalence and prevention of tick-borne diseases. Surveillance of ticks infesting reptiles can facilitate the early detection of disease transmission to both animals and humans. These findings also suggested that snake-associated ticks may harbor emerging tick-borne pathogens
DIVERSITY, MORPHOMETRY, AND POPULATION ABUNDANCE OF SEA URCHIN (Tripneustes gratilla) IN NORTH LOMBOK Gultom, Victor David Nico
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 1 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 1 April 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.1.2131

Abstract

Article Highlights- The highest absolute abundance of sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla was observed in August 2023- In 2024, the low absolute abundance of Tripneustes gratilla and the decline of sea urchin species diversity in North Lombok prospectively indicated overharvesting.- The number of gleaners and the gleaning activity conducted by local villagers prospectively harm seagrass meadows, especially on Tripneustes gratilla abundance AbstractSea urchin Tripneustes gratilla is commonly found in tropical shallow water-seagrass beds and is consumed for its roe in Southeast Asia. This study recorded five sea urchin species in the study area: Tripneustes gratilla, Pseudoboletia maculata, Salmacis bicolor, Salmacis sphaeroides, and Maretia planulata, with T. gratilla being the most abundant. The highest absolute abundance of T. gratilla was observed in August 2023, at 0.30 ind./m2, while from May to July 2024, it declined to 0.02 ind./m2. The mean diameters of T. gratilla ranged from 37.59 mm to 44.16 mm between August and October 2023 and from 17.39 mm to 48.45 mm between May and July 2024, having wide range of the mean weight. In September 2023, sea urchin with a test diameter of 35.0 – 39.9 mm were the most frequent to be found. This study provided baseline data on T. gratilla harvested from the seagrass habitat by the local community in North Lombok and highlights the potential for overharvesting in the area.
WILD EDIBLE PLANTS IN ENHANCING POST-DISASTER FOOD SECURITY, ORMOC CITY, PHILIPPINES Nazareno, Patricia Anne; Bagarinao, Prof Ricardo; Buot, Inocencio Jr.; Ochavillo, Cindy
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 1 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 1 April 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.1.2234

Abstract

Article Highlights:- Wild edible plants (WEPs) in Ormoc City, Philippines, serve as critical food sources during disasters, offering essential nutrients and aiding food security.- Melastoma malabathricum is rich in calcium, magnesium, and manganese, while Diplazium esculentum provides high levels of iron, copper, and zinc.- Wild fruits like Melastoma malabathricum, Annona montana, and Rubus fraxinifolius contribute significant Vitamin C to the local diet.- These plants not only provide sustenance but also offer medicinal benefits, emphasizing the need for further research, conservation, and sustainable use. ABSTRACTWild Edible Plants (WEPs) are a valuable resource for communities facing food insecurity, and their nutritional profiles can provide essential dietary needs, especially in disaster-prone regions like the Philippines. This paper explores the nutritional value of wild edible plants (WEPs) in Ormoc City, Leyte, Philippines, with a particular focus on their role in addressing food security issues during natural disasters. The research included surveying the WEPs used by the local community in Ormoc City and analyzing these plants' nutrient and mineral composition. The study's key findings included identifying 15 plant species from 13 families. Melastoma malabathricum  showed the highest Ca, Mg and Mn content; while Diplazium esculentum leaves had the highest iron, copper and  zinc content.   Furthermore, relatively high vitamin C content was found in wild fruits M. malabathricum, Annona montana, and Rubus fraxinifolius. The plants analyzed were rich in essential nutrients, including minerals (Ca, Na, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn), crude fiber and vitamin C.  The different plants excelled in different nutritional aspects, suggesting a diverse dietary potential.  These plants play a crucial role in the local community, providing not only sustenance but also medicinal applications. Further research and conservation efforts should be encouraged to harness the nutritional and economic potential of these plants while ensuring their sustainable utilization and preservation.
ENHANCING CALLUS FORMATION IN TAPAKTUAN PATCHOULI THROUGH IN VITRO OPTIMIZED COMBINATIONS OF PGR Munira, Alya; Khairan, Khairan; Subramaniam, Sreeramanan; Harnelly, Essy
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 1 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 1 April 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.1.2305

Abstract

Article Highlight- Different varieties of Patchouli exhibited different growth pattern as well as in vitro culture- In order to induce callus, it has been determined that the combination of regulators is necessary.- Benzylaminopurine has been identified as a potential regulator that could be used to further develop the patchouli callus of Tapak Tuan. Abstract: Patchouli is known for its highly demanded essential oil. The Patchouli Tapaktuan variety is the most widely cultivated by local farmers in Aceh due to its high oil yield. Currently, the study and propagation of patchouli through a biotechnological approach is being developed, one of which is in vitro culture method. In this method, suitable Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) are being observed to enhance the growth of the explant. PGRs are synthetic compounds that are added to media in plant tissue culture to stimulate plant growth. This study aimed to analyze and optimize the effect of benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the growth of Tapaktuan patchouli leaf callus. This study was carried out by using a completely randomized design with seven treatments.  Each treatment was replicated four times and each replicate contained three explants. The concentrations used were BAP 0.75 mg/L, TDZ 1 mg/L, and NAA in the 0.25 - 0.75 mg/L range. According to this study, combining BAP and NAA was the most effective for inducing callus in Tapaktuan patchouli leaves. The combination of BAP 0.75 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L (treatment A2) was the most effective for inducing callus formation. This treatment resulted in the quickest callus development, the highest percentage of callus formation, and the largest callus diameter. Explants cultured with BAP produced a greenish-yellow callus having the potential for organogenesis culture, which could produce shoots having the ability for producing mass plantlets.

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