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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 520 Documents
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RECENT COLLECTION OF THE POISONOUS MUSHROOM, Clarkeinda trachodes (Berk.) FOR INDONESIA Permana Putra, Ivan; Nurhayat, Oktan Dwi; Mahardika, Wahyu AJi; Sari, Okta Yulia
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 1 April 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2172

Abstract

Clarkeinda trachodes is an interesting agaric and has been acknowledged as one of the poisonous mushrooms worldwide. This species has mentioned to be found in tropical regions of Asia, including Indonesia. However, no clear record has been found regarding the primary information and herbarium collection of this species in Indonesia. During our regular mushroom foraging at IPB University campus forest Indonesia, the basidiomata of Clarkeinda was encountered. The current study aimed to confirm the taxonomical position of our specimens based on morphological and molecular evidence. Fresh basidomata was observed on the macro- and micromorphological features. The molecular analysis and phylogenetic tree construction were done based on ITS 1/2 sequence. The combination of morphological and molecular evidence confirmed our specimen as C. trachodes. Morphologically, Clarkeinda trachodes BO24637 can be determined by a large basidiocarp of Agaricales, prominent pellicle on disc pileus, notable ring, reddish brown context and stipe when injured, and truncate apex of basidiospores. The BLAST result showed that our specimen has a high similarity to C. trachodes as the top hits. In addition, the phylogenetic tree constructed by ITS sequence committed specimen BO24637 as C. trachodes with 100% BS value. The current study resolves a clear and accessible document of C. trachodes in Indonesia. In addition, we provided the morphological and molecular information as well as herbarium collection of C. trachodes in Indonesia, which can be used for future study of this species.
Existing Conditions of Gastropod Communities in Areas Affected by Nickel Mining Overburden in the Mangrove Ecosystem of Dawi-Dawi, Southeast Sulawesi Fajar Purnama, Muhammad; Prayitno, Slamet Budi; Muskananfola, Max Rudolf; Suryanti, Suryanti
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2175

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Nickel mining activities significantly impacted the ecological integrity of the Pomalaa coastal area in Southeast Sulawesi, particularly in the mangrove ecosystem.- The exposure of overburden waste in the mangrove ecosystem has led to the loss of important gastropod species and a decline in population of surviving species- The low population of gastropod species in nickel mining impact areas indicates extensive environmental damage caused by these activities.ABSTRACTGastropod resources in the Dawi-Dawi mangrove ecosystem, Southeast Sulawesi are greatly influenced by the input of overburden waste (sediment) from nickel mining activities. This condition has been going on for the last 2 decades and has degraded the habitat and structure of the gastropod community. The upstream connectivity (the existing nickel mining area) and the Dawi-Dawi River estuary mean that the mangrove forest (estuary) in this area is continuously affected by (massive) overburden runoff. This research was carried out in June-August in the mangrove ecosystem of Dawi-Dawi Village, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This research aims to determine the existing condition of mangrove gastropods affected by overburden. This research began by conducting initial observations in the field, to identify mangrove ecosystems affected by overburden. research stations were determined using a purposive sampling technique (targeted) and sampling gastropods using a simple random sampling method. The ecological index of the mangrove gastropod community affected by overburden shows a tendency for a medium diversity index (H'=1.81), low species richness (R=1.42), high evenness (E=1.12), and no dominance of certain species (C=0.19). The gastropod species found are typical types that make up the mangrove fauna, namely Terebralia sulcata, Terebralia palustris, Faunus ater, Telescopium telescopium, Hebra nigra, and several taxa (genus) of climbing Littoraria snails (periwinkle) which are found in the roots, stems and leaves of mangroves. The abundance of gastropods obtained was also very low, namely around 0-12 Ind./m2. At some points (rarely) schools of small snails of the type T. sulcata (5-21 Ind./m2) are sometimes found. This research shows de facto that overburden waste eliminates (survival) or reduces the diversity and richness of gastropod species (ecological index) in the mangrove ecosystem of Dawi-Dawi.
DISTRIBUTION OF THE THALLOID LIVERWORT GENUS MARCHANTIA (MARCHANTIACEAE) IN NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA Siregar, Etti Sartina; Pasaribu, Nursahara; Sofyan, Muhammad Zaidun
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 2 August 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.2.2177

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- The survey method was successful in identifying the species Marchantia and mapping their distribution in North Sumatra- Eight taxa of Marchantia confirmed in North Sumatra, M. emarginata subsp. cuneiloba has the most widely distributed species. - Species distribution linked to environmental factors like elevation, humidity, rainfall, soil types, slope, solar intensity, and types of land coverABSTRACTMarchantia is one of the large genus complex thalloid liverworts (Marchantiophyta). The species of Marchantia has a wide distribution throughout the world, and occupies a variety of substrates. Studies on the presence and distribution of Marchantia species are still limited in North Sumatra. Therefore, the research was carried out to inventory the species of Marchantia and map their distribution in North Sumatra. Survey method was used to inventory the species of Marchantia, covering 9 locations, namely: Aek Nauli Forest, Bukit Barisan National Forest Park, Bukit Lawang, Resort Cinta Raja, Dolok Tinggi Raja Nature Reserve, Sibayak Mountain, Sicike-cike Natural Park, Silima-lima waterfall, and Taman Eden 100 Natural Park.  Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the distribution of the species. The results showed that there were eight taxa of Marchantia confirmed in North Sumatra, namely, M. acaulis, M. emarginata subsp. emarginata, M. emarginata subsp. cuneiloba, M. geminata, M. paleacea subsp. paleacea, M. polymorpha, M. treubii, and Marchantia sp. The most widely distributed species of Marchantia is M. emarginata subsp. cuneiloba, found in 7 study locations. Species with the least distribution are M. treubii and Marchantia sp., each species found only in one location. Marchantia spp. in North Sumatra spread at an altitude of 77 to 1976 m alt, occupying habitats with 6 types of soil (orthic acrisol, humic andosol, humic acrisol, and humic cambisol), with rainfall of 1800-3600 mm/year. Marchantia species are found on sloping plains to steep, in various habitat, namely secondary forest, primary and secondary forest borders, dryland farming, primary and plantation borders, and plantations. The results of this study are important for the conservation of Marchantia spp. in North Sumatra considering the many benefits of the species.
TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN PHRA THAT SI MUEANG PONG AREA, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE, THAILAND Leelahakriengkrai, Pongpan; Bunsongthae, Akharasit; Insing, Audcharapat
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2187

Abstract

Article Highlights- Rich tree diversity found in Phra That Si Mueang Pong area. - Endangered species identified, promoting conservation efforts. - Unique plant distribution influenced by land use and water proximity. - Potential for ecotourism and environmental education in the region. - Study provides foundational data for future ecological research.AbstractThis research conducted a survey of perennial flora in ten subplots along the pathway leading to Phra That Si Mueang Pong, identifying a total of 30 species representing 20 families, 28 genera.  Dominant species included Lagerstroemia duperreana var. duperreana, Shorea siamensis, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Tectona grandis, and Vitex canescens. Families with the highest species number were Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Combretaceae, and Malvaceae. The study revealed the presence of both common and rare plant species in the area, with differences in species distribution between plots 1-5 and 6-10. Plots 6-10, near the Mae Tha Chang River, displayed higher biodiversity, correlating with the biodiversity index. The dominant species, based on the importance value index (IVI), were Pterocarpus macrocarpus, Lagerstroemia duperreana, Tectona grandis, Shorea siamensis, and Millettia brandisiana, respectively. Two species, Pterocarpus macrocarpus and Tectona grandis, were classified as endangered. The soil analysis indicated slightly acidic pH and relatively low moisture content, with significant differences between plots 1-5 and 6-10. The study suggests the potential for ecotourism and environmental learning centers in the Chiang Mai province cultural tourism destination, emphasizing the rich biodiversity and ecological value of the mixed deciduous and dry dipterocarp forest ecosystems.
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION POTENTIAL OF Inga edulis Martius: SEED COLLECTED IN THE AMAZON - BRAZIL: Potential of Inga edulis seeds Oliveira , André Vilhena de; Kersting, Maurício; Costa, Adilson Ben da; Schneider, Rosana de Cassia de Souza
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2201

Abstract

Article highlights- Inga edulis offer potential for biotechnological and environmental applications.- High protein and carbohydrate content in seeds support diverse agro-industrial uses.- edulis seeds enhance environmental education via forest nurseries schools.- Biotechnological potential of I. edulis seeds extends to ecosystem services. AbstractInga edulis Martius is a native species of the Amazon Forest with great potential for urban afforestation in the cities of the Brazilian Amazon and widely used for the recovery of degraded areas. It is commonly cultivated by the Amazonian population for its edible fruit, quality wood, and excellent agroforestry components. This study aimed to select the matrices and obtain information about the behavior of the seeds in terms of drying, biometry, purity and germination, and chemical composition. The seeds collected in the environmental education action were recognized about potentialities of use for biotechnological products and environmental protection. The seed exploitation of this species is attractive due to its composition (protein and carbohydrates) and forest integration. I. edulis seedlings in the schools contribute to environmental education as a sustainable practice with biotechnological potential for the Amazon region.
A NEW RECORD OF THE CREEPING CUCUMBER, Melothria pendula L. (Cucurbitaceae) FROM HALMAHERA, NORTH MALUKU, INDONESIA Arifiani, Deby; Sulistyaningsih, Lulut Dwi; Rugayah, Rugayah; Sahroni, Deni
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2205

Abstract

Article Highlights- Botanical inventory in Halmahera island, North Maluku has found the species Melothria pendula for the first time.- In Indonesia, the species Melothria pendula is previously known only from Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Lesser Sunda Island.- DNA barcodes for the species Melothria pendula from Indonesia firstly deposited in NCBI GenBank. AbstractThis study was conducted to explore Melothria pendula on Halmahera Island. Previously, the species is known to occur in Bali, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java (Indonesia), Malay Peninsula, Sabah (Malaysia), as well as the Philippines. Results of this study improved insights into the current knowledge about geographic distribution of Melothria. Moreover, the description of the species, habitat, critical taxonomic notes, color plates, distribution map, and DNA barcode were also presented in this study.
GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF SPINY LOBSTER, Panulirus homarus JUVENILES FED WITH DIFFERENT FORMULATED FEEDS Sudewi, Sudewi; Slamet, Bejo; Adiasmara Giri, Nyoman; Haryanti, Haryanti; Rusdi, Ibnu; Jones, Clive; Irvin, Simon
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2206

Abstract

Article Highlights- Indonesia has remarkable natural resources of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus and an exceptional opportunity to establish the largest lobster aquaculture industry in the world.- However, culturing lobsters still relies on natural feeds (trash fish of fresh fishery by-catch) which are inefficient and environmentally unsustainable.- Developing formulated feed based on locally available ingredients is invaluable for replacing natural feeds to support sustainable lobster culture.- Formulated feed made of local fish meal provided the best growth of juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus homarus compared to imported fish meal. AbstractSeveral studies suggested that good growth performance and survival of lobster juveniles can be achieved by feeding the lobsters with formulated feeds. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the growth and survival of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus juveniles fed with different diets having profiles based on a basal diet formulation and (2) to compare the growth of lobsters fed with an identical formulated feed with variations only in sources of fish meal and dry matter content. The feeding experiment was designed following a completely randomized design (CRD) with five diet treatments and five replicates for each treatment. Five experimental diets were prepared in this experiment, i.e., Diet A (basal diet prepared as moist pellets); Diet B (moist pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using local fish meal); Diet C (moist pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using imported fish meal); Diet D (dry pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using imported fish meal); and Diet E (fresh fish). Juveniles of spiny lobster with an average weight of 3.00±0.07 g were allocated in 25 net cages (60 x 60 x 60 cm) placed in a circular HDPE canvas tank (7.5 m in diameter) at a density of 15 lobsters/cage in a flow-through seawater system. The juveniles were fed with the experimental diets twice/day for 12 weeks. The experiment showed that the best growth was observed in juveniles fed with moist feed containing local fish meal (Diet B) with the final weight reaching 18.74±2.30 g. Moist feed containing imported fish meal (Diet C) resulted in a higher survival rate (46.66%), and the lowest survival rate (13.33%) was obtained from juveniles fed with fresh fish (Diet E).
SURVEILLANCE OF β-LACTAMASE GENES OF SALMONELLA FROM CHICKEN IN WET MARKETS OF METRO MANILA, PHILIPPINES Madayag, Miles; Pavon, Rance Derrick; Mora, Jonah Feliza; Balaga, Khristine; Rivera, Windell
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2207

Abstract

Article Highlights- blaCTX-M gene in 24.7% while blaTEM gene in 11.2% of Salmonella isolates.- Coexistence of blaCTX-M groups II and IV in all blaCTX-M-positive isolates.- Dominance of blaCTX-M corroborated with phenotypic β-lactam resistances.- blaCTX-M-positive isolates had extended-spectrum β-lactamase and multidrug resistance. AbstractSalmonella sp. is a foodborne pathogenic bacterium causing millions of cases with hundred thousand death incidents. Infection by Salmonella can diversely manifest as gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and enteric fever. Salmonella can be transmitted through direct consumption of contaminated foods especially animal-based foods, such as chicken meat and its derivatives. Over the years, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and diverse β-lactamase (bla) gene-carrying Salmonella strains have been reported. These facts are alarming given that cephalosporins are a major class of β-lactam antibiotics used in clinical settings. Hence, the main objective of this study was to molecularly detect the occurrence of different bla genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and profile the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella collected from various chicken sample types in wet markets of Metro Manila, Philippines. Of the 89 Salmonella isolates, blaCTX-M had the highest occurrence, detected in 22 isolates (24.7%), while blaTEM was detected in 10 isolates (11.2%). Genotypic and phenotypic resistance corroboration was observed in nearly all blaCTX-M-positive Salmonella tested, with all strains showing resistance to ampicillin and nitrofurantoin (100%) and 21 out of 22 (95.5%) exhibiting resistance to both non-extended and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. In addition, blaCTX-M groups II and IV genes were co-detected and multidrug resistance (MDR) profiles were also observed in all blaCTX-M-positive isolates. The high AMR patterns of Salmonella isolates suggest potential threats to food safety and public health. Additionally, the corroboration of phenotypic and genotypic resistance and the high occurrence of MDR among Salmonella isolates highlight the importance of continued surveillance of AMR genes and regulation of antimicrobial use to combat AMR.
PLANT REGENERATION THROUGH PROTOCORM-LIKE BODIES DERIVED FROM STEM THIN LAYER OF Anubias barteri var. Nana Petite Le, Giang K. T.; Nguyen, Tinh V.; Tran, Ngan K. T; Dang, Vy T. H.; Nguyen, Phong V.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2214

Abstract

Article Highlights- Effective induction of PLBs from stem thin layer and shoot regeneration using specific BAP and auxin combinations.- Significant role of potato extract in enhancing shoot regeneration.- Highest shoot regeneration rate achieved with 3 mg/L BAP concentration. AbstractAnubias barteri var. nana Petite, a highly valued ornamental aquatic plant in the Araceae family, faces challenges in vegetative propagation due to its slow multiplication rate. This study established a robust micropropagation protocol for rapid and efficient multiplication of A. barteri var. nana Petite. Explants were subjected to thorough sterilization, and shoot induction and multiplication were optimized using varying concentrations of Benzyl adenine (BA) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were induced from transverse thin-layer explants using combinations of BAP and Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). PLB multiplication and shoot regeneration were achieved through a sequential culture protocol. In addition, the influence of potato extract on shoot regeneration and the role of Indole-3-butyric Acid (IBA) in root development were explored. This study demonstrated a 100% survival rate of regenerated shoots in aquariums. Ongoing research is focused on further enhancing PLB multiplication. This optimized micropropagation protocol holds promise for the large-scale production of A. barteri var. nana Petite, addressing the limitations of natural propagation.
A REVIEW OF MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS Hinampas, Rhesa; Walag, Angelo Mark
BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 (2024): BIOTROPIA Vol. 31 No. 3 December 2024
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2024.31.3.2250

Abstract

Article Highlights- Marine Natural Products have been the most favorable source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery research.- Many biologically active chemicals with antioxidant properties can be found in the marine environment.- A systematic review on potential source of antioxidants linked to marine natural products was carried out.- Algae, fungi, sponges, mollusks, and sea cucumbers were found to be abundant sources of antioxidants.- Integrate these discoveries into practical applications for enhancing human health and well-being. AbstractSeveral diseases have been linked to oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between the creation of the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to their distinct metabolic makeup and wide range of biological adaptations, marine organisms have attracted interest as possible sources of new antioxidants. This systematic review aims to evaluate the antioxidant potential of marine natural products. To find relevant research published between 2002 and 2022, a thorough search strategy based on the PRISMA standards was used across databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Mendeley, and Science Direct. A total of 18 studies were extracted and included in the review. The results consistently showed that marine natural compounds had vigorous antioxidant activity. Algae, fungi, sponges, mollusks, and sea cucumbers were shown to be abundant sources of antioxidants in marine environments. Flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, and carotenoids are only a few types of marine natural products that have been discovered to possess strong antioxidant properties. This systematic review provides compelling evidence for the antioxidant potential of marine natural products. The research validates their potential as sources of novel antioxidants with various bioactive properties. Unlocking the full potential of marine natural products and integrating these discoveries into practical applications for enhancing human health and well-being calls for further research.

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