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INDONESIA
AL KAUNIYAH
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 19783736     EISSN : 25026720     DOI : 10.15408/kauniyah
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi (p-ISSN: 1978-3736, e-ISSN: 2502-6720) is an Open Access Journal published by Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, and established since 2007. Since 2016 Al-Kauniyah has established a collaboration with the Association of Lecturer in Biology and Biology Education throughout the State Islamic Higher University (PTKIN) in Indonesia. Until 2015, Al-Kauniyah covered environmental biology solely, but since 2016 the journal has been extended to cover the entire field of biological science (bioscience). By publishing biannually, on April and October, Al-Kauniyah is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject of biology. Since volume 9 issue 1 April 2016, Al-Kauniyah had been changes the layout. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. Manuscripts can be submitted to AL-KAUNIYAH
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Articles 460 Documents
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Uji Efektivitas Gel Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Daun Sembung (Blumea balsamifera) Sebagai Antimikroba Silvani Permatasari; Dewi Klarita Furtuna; Astrid Teresa; Syarpin Syarpin; Widya Krestina
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.22831

Abstract

AbstrakHand sanitizer merupakan salah satu bahan antiseptik yang yang praktis agar tubuh terhindar dari penyakit yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme. Hand sanitizer berbasis alkohol digunakan berlebihan dan terus menerus dapat mengakibatkan iritasi pada kulit. Kandungan yang terdapat dalam bahan alami sebagai alternatif pengganti alkohol antara lain flavonoid dan terpenoid yang terdapat di daun sembung (Blumea balsamifera). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas gel hand sanitizer dari ekstrak daun sembung pada berbagai konsentrasi. Serbuk daun sembung diekstraksi secara maserasi menggunakan etanol 70%, kemudian dibuat gel dengan konsentrasi 10%, 15%, dan 20% ditambah carbopol 940, TEA, serta metil paraben. Sediaan gel hand sanitizer dievaluasi melalui uji organoleptis, pH, dan homogenitas selama 4 minggu. Setelah itu, dilakukan pengujian daya antiseptik dan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans. Sediaan gel hand sanitizer ekstrak daun sembung memiliki konsistensi kental, warna hijau kehitaman, aroma khas daun sembung, homogenitas baik, dan nilai pH 6. Sediaan ini juga memiliki daya antiseptik yang baik mampu mengurangi jumlah koloni hingga 95% sama dengan sediaan gel berbasis etanol. Sediaan gel konsentrasi 20% memiliki zona hambat yang sangat kuat terhadap S. aureus dan C. albicans, serta kuat melawan E. coli. Gel hand sanitizer ekstrak Blumea balsamifera menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba dan dapat digunakan menjadi kandidat agen antimikroba organik alami.Kata kunci: Antimikroba; Antiseptik; Ekstrak Blumea balsamifera; Hand sanitizer  AbstractHand sanitizer is one of antiseptic so that our body avoids diseases caused by microorganism. Hand sanitizer based on ethanol using continuously can cause skin irritation. The secunder metabolit contained in herbal as an alternative to hand sanitizer based ethanol contained flavonoid and terpenoid, are found in sembung leaves (Blumea balsamifera). The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of hand sanitizer gel from sembung leaf extract at various concentrations. Sembung leaf was extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol, and then gel was made with concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% plus carbopol 940, TEA, methyl paraben. The hand sanitizer gel preparation was evaluated through organoleptic, pH, and homogeneity tests for 4 weeks. After that, antiseptic activity and antimicrobial activity were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The hand sanitizer gel preparation of sembung leaf extract has a thick consistency, blackish green color, a distinctive aroma of sembung leaves, good homogeneity, and a pH value of 6. The gel with a concentration of 20% had a very strong zone of inhibition against S. aureus and C. albicans, also strong against E. coli. Blumea balsamifera extract hand sanitizer gel exhibits antimicrobial activity and can be used as a candidate natural organic antimicrobial agent.
Aktivitas Antimikroba Bakteri Endofit Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) Terhadap Propionibacterium acnes Riki Vernando; Mahyarudin Mahyarudin; Ambar Rialita
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20276

Abstract

 AbstrakTingginya angka kejadian jerawat dan meningkatnya resistensi terhadap antimikroba memerlukan alternatif pengobatan yang berasal dari bahan alam. Beberapa studi menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit tertentu memproduksi senyawa bioaktif yang memiliki efek bagi kesehatan, terutama bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari tumbuhan obat. Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) merupakan tumbuhan obat yang mempunyai banyak manfaat seperti untuk mengobati masalah kulit, menyembuhkan luka, serta menjadi agen antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba isolat bakteri endofit daun pegagan terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram melalui pengukuran diameter zona hambat. Bakteri endofit yang didapat dari penelitian sebelumnya dikarakterisasi berdasarkan ciri-ciri dari morfologi koloni, morfologi sel, dan aktivitas biokimia. Sembilan belas isolat bakteri endofit memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap Propionibacterium acnes, ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat berdiameter antara 11,46–25,34 mm. Dua isolat yang memiliki kemampuan aktivitas antimikroba yang paling besar, yaitu isolat nomor 3 dan 17 dengan hasil identifikasi termasuk ke dalam genus Aeromicrobium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa bakteri endofit dari daun pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) berpotensi sebagai antimikroba terhadap bakteri P. acnes.AbstractThe high prevalence of acne cases and the increasing resistance to antimicrobials requires alternative treatments that originate from natural ingredients. Several studies have shown that certain endophytic bacteria produce bioactive compounds that benefits human health, especially those whom isolated from medicinal plants. Gotu kola or pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) is one of medicinal plant that has many benefits such as treating skin problems, healing wounds, and also known for an antibacterial agent. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of the endophytic bacterial isolates of pegagan against Propionibacterium acnes. The antimicrobial activity test were carried out using the disc diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone within isolate. Endophytic bacteria obtained from previous studies were characterized based on the characteristics of colony morphology, cell morphology and biochemical activity. 19 isolates of endophytic bacteria showed antimicrobial activity against P. acnes, indicated by the formation of inhibition zones ranging from 11.46 to 25.34 mm. Two isolates that had the greatest antibacterial activity, namely isolates number 3 and 17 were identified and belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that endophytic bacteria from pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) leaves has potential as an antibacterial agent against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.
Keanekaragaman Amfibi Ordo Anura Pada Berbagai Habitat di Wilayah Gunung Sawal Ciamis Muhammad Nizar Maulana; Diana Hernawati; Diki Muhamad Chaidir
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.23067

Abstract

AbstrakAnura merupakan salah satu ordo pada kelas amfibi yang sangat peka terhadap kondisi lingkungan dan hidup di berbagai spesies habitat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman anura pada mikrohabitat berbeda di wilayah Gunung Sawal. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksploratif menggunakan Visual Encounter Survey (VES), yaitu berdasarkan perjumpaan amfibi kemudian mengidentifikasi spesies dan mikrohabitat anura yang ditemukan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan enam famili di antaranya Bufonidae, Ranidae, Microhylidae, Dicroglossidae, Megophrydae, dan Rhacophoridae, serta ditemukan 17 spesies dari enam famili tersebut. Dengan jumlah individu keseluruhan yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Chalcorana chalconota dan individu paling sedikit ditemukan yaitu Indosylvirana nicobariensis. Penemuan spesies anura tertinggi ditemukan pada mikrohabitat terestrial, sedangkan habitat yang paling sedikit ditemukan pada berbagai spesies anura adalah habitat fussorial. Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon, semua lokasi penelitian memiliki kategori sedang, sedangkan indeks kemerataan eveness berada dalam kategori stabil.AbstractAnura is one of the orders in the class of amphibians that is very sensitive to environmental conditions and lives in various habitat species. The purpose of this research is to find out the diversity of anura in different microhabitats in the region of Mount Sawal. The research method was conducted by exploratory method using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES), which is based on amphibious encounters and then identifies the species and microhabitats of anura found. Based on the results of the study found six families including Bufonidae, Ranidae, Microhylidae, Dicroglossidae, Megophrydae, and Rhacophoridae, and found 17 species of the six   families. With the most overall number of individuals found is Chalcorana chalconota and the least found individual is Indosylvirana nicobariensis. The highest anura species found in terrestrial microhabitats, while the least habitat found in various anura species is fussorial habitat. Based on Shannon's diversity index values, all research locations had moderate categories, while the Eveness index was in the stable category.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L.) Untuk Feminisasi Ikan Tambakan (Helostoma temminckii) Indah Anggraini Yusanti; Rahma Mulyani; Syaeful Anwar
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.21909

Abstract

 AbstrakAdanya penurunan populasi ikan tambakan betina saat ini diperlukan upaya untuk mendukung keberlangsungan hidup ikan tambakan melalui teknik feminisasi. Feminisasi dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak daun kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L) karena mengandung fitoestrogen alami. Penelitian dilakukan selama 3 bulan di Workshop Pembenihan Ikan Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas PGRI Palembang dan Laboratorium Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas PGRI Palembang. Penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 taraf perlakuan dan 3 ulangan dengan perlakuan 0,5, 10, 20, 40, dan 80 mg/L. Penelitian ini diperoleh hasil perendaman ikan tambakan pada ekstrak kemangi menghasilkan persentase betina tertinggi pada perlakuan P4 (40mg/L) sebesar 85%. Pertambahan bobot ikan tambakan yang optimal diperoleh pada perlakuan P4 sebesar 0,66 g, pertambahan panjang yang optimal diperoleh pada perlakuan P4 sebesar 2,37 cm, sedangkan kelangsungan hidup ikan tambakan tertinggi yang dipelihara selama 30 hari pada perlakuan P4 sebesar 96,66%, dapat disimpulkan perlakuan P4 memberikan efek yang signifikan dalam setiap parameter pengamatan.AbstractThe decline in the population of female kissing gouramy is currently needed efforts to support pursued to support the survival kissing gouramy fish through feminization techniques. Feminization can be done by utilizing extracts from basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L) because they contain natural phytoestogens. The research was conducted for 3 months at the Fish Hatchery Workshop of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, PGRI Palembang University and the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Technology, PGRI Palembang University. The study used the Complete Random Design method with 6 treatment levels and 3 repeats with treatments of 0.5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L. From this study obtained the results of soaking kissing gouramy fish in basil extract result in the highest percentage of females at P4 treatment (40mg/L) which is 85%. The optimal weight gain of kissing gouramy fish is obtained at the P4 treatment of 0.66 g, the optimal length gain is obtained at the P4 treatment of 2.37 cm, while the survival of the highest kissing gouramy maintained for 30 days at P4 treatment was 96.66%, it can be concluded that the P4 treatment gives a significant effect in each observation parameter.
Pohon Bermain Burung Cenderawasih Kuning Besar (Paradisaea apoda) di Hutan Kampung Katan Distrik Obaa Kabupaten Mappi Provinsi Papua Edoward Krisson Raunsay; Maik R Akobiarek; Paul Johan Kawatu; Tanta Tanta
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

AbstrakPohon sebagai habitat bagi satwa tertentu merupakan hal pokok yang tidak dapat terpisahkan antara keduanya. Ketergantungan tersebut berkaitan erat dengan aktivitas apa yang akan dilakukannya. Aktivitas bermain bagi burung Cenderawasih kuning besar (Paradisae apoda) tidak dilakukan pada semua pohon, melainkan pada pohon-pohon tertentu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di hutan Kampung Katan Distrik Obaa Kabupaten Mappi pada bulan Oktober 2020. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh tumbuhan yang ada di hutan Kampung Katan, sedangkan sampelnya adalah semua pohon sebagai tempat bermain burung Cenderawasih kuning besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesies pohon bermain burung Cenderawasih kuning besar (Paradisaea apoda). Eksplorasi merupakan metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data di lapangan dan selanjutnya akan dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 10 pohon bermain bagi P. apoda yang terdiri dari 6 spesies pohon antara lain Adinandra forbesii, Adinandra milletir, Aralia bipinnata, Calophyllum euryphyllum, Flacourtia inermis Bl, dan Myristica sp. P. apoda melakukan aktivitas bermain pada pohon-pohon tertentu. P. apoda bermain pada tajuk bagian bawah, tengah hingga tinggi, dimana spesies jantan lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan betina, serta aktivitas yang dilakukan individu dan berpasangan.AbstractTrees as a habitat for certain animals are the main thing that can’t be separated between the two. This dependence is closely related to what activities will be carried out. Play activities for the great yellow bird of paradise (Paradisae nickname) is not performed on all trees, but on certain trees. This research was conducted in the village forest of Katan, Obaa District, Mappi Regency in October 2020. The population in this study were all plants in the forest of Kampung Katan, while the samples were all trees as a playground for the large yellow bird of paradise. This study aims to determine the species of tree playing the great yellow bird of paradise (Paradisaea nickname). Exploration is a research method used in collecting data in the field and will then be analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that there were 10 trees to play for P. apoda consisting of 6 species of trees, among othersAdinandra forbesii, Adinandra milletir, Aralia bipinnata, Calophyllum euryphyllum, Flacourtia inermis, and Myristica sp. P.apoda play activities on certain trees. P.apoda playing in the lower, middle to high canopy, where the male species is more dominant than the female, as well as activities carried out individually and in pairs.
Assesmen Risiko Ekologi (ARE) Perikanan Tuna Pole and Line di Flores dan Tonda di Flores dan Pelabuhanratu Yonvitner Yonvitner; Mennofatria Boer; Rahmat Kurnia; Destilawati Destilawati
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.14475

Abstract

AbstrakKegiatan perikanan tuna dengan penggunaan alat tangkap pole and line dan tonda berisiko menyebabkan kerentanan (risiko ekologi) yang dapat menganggu keberlanjutan stok tuna. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian menilai kerentanan menjadi parameter risiko ekologi menggunakan pendekatan analisis productivity dan susceptability analysis (PSA) pada jenis ikan tuna sirip kuning (ukuran baby tuna), tongkol, lemadang, dan cakalang. Pengumpulan data biologi dan ekologi dari alat tangkap pole and line dilakukan di Flores dan pancing tonda di Pelabuhanratu. Selanjutnya, analisis laboratorium dilakukan pada Laboratorium Biologi Perikanan, Departemen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan IPB. Hasil analisis produktivitas dan susceptabilitas alat pole and line untuk ikan baby tuna 1,42 dan ikan tongkol 1,98. Nilai ini menunjukkan tingkat kerentanan dan risiko ekologi pada ikan tongkol tergolong tinggi dan ikan baby tuna masih rendah. Analisis PSA dari alat pancing tonda pada ikan baby tuna diperoleh sebesar 2,34; ikan lemadang sebesar 2,34; dan ikan cakalang 2,18. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa kerentanan tinggi dan risiko ekologi pada ketiga jenis ikan tersebut juga tinggi karena penggunaan pancing tonda. Penggunaan alat tangkap pole and line serta pancing tonda pada perikanan tuna menyebabkan tingginya risiko pada ikan tuna sirip kuning (ukuran baby tuna), lemadang, cakalang, dan tongkol. AbstractTuna fishery activities using pole and line fishing gear and tonda have the risk of causing vulnerability (ecological risk) which can disrupt the sustainability of tuna stocks. For this reason, a study was conducted to assess vulnerability which is a parameter of ecological risk using the productivity and susceptibility analysis (PSA) approach to the fish’s species are albacares (baby tuna), mackerel, lemadang, and skipjack. Biological and ecological data collection from pole and line fishing gear was carried out in Flores and trolling and tonda in Pelabuhanratu. Furthermore, laboratory analysis was carried out at the fisheries biology laboratory, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences IPB. The results of productivity and susceptibility analysis of the pole and line for baby tuna and Euthynnus are 1.42 and 1.98.  This value shows the level of vulnerability where the ecological risk of tuna is high and baby tuna also low. The PSA analysis of the tonda for baby tuna was 2.34; lemadang was 2.34; and skipjack was 2.18. This value indicates that the high vulnerability and ecological risk of the three species of fish are also high due to the use of tonda. The use of pole and line fishing gear and tonda lines in tuna fisheries causes a high risk for albacares (baby tuna), mackerel, lemadang, and skipjack.
In-vitro Callus Development and The Bioactive Compounds of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Yulita Nurchayati; Erma Prihastanti; Rini Budihastuti
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.21565

Abstract

 AbstractBioactive compounds in tomatoes can be produced through the development of callus culture. This study aimed to investigate callus development and observe bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in explants and callus. The cotyledon and hypocotyl from the sprouts were induced to form callus on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with NAA 2.5 mg/L combined with kinetin 0.5 mg/L and 2,4 D 1 mg/L. All parts of seedling and callus were analyzed for their bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis, whereas the other bioactive compounds were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry. This research applied a Completely Randomized Design with sample sources of tomato sprout and callus from cotyledon and hypocotyl, with 3 replicates. The result showed that friable callus was able to be developed from both explants through the addition of NAA-Kin to MS medium. The three compounds were observed in callus and all explants. These calluses produced high antioxidant compounds from their pigments and ascorbic acid. The metabolites will be analyzed according to the perspective of their role. Major groups of compounds from GC-MS are dominated by hydrocarbons. Callus culture has a potential as the source of bioactive compounds.AbstrakSenyawa bioaktif pada tomat dapat diproduksi melalui kultur kalus, Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkembangan kalus dan mengobservasi jenis senyawa bioaktif serta aktivitas antioksidan pada eksplan dan kalus. Kotiledon dan hipokotil  dari kecambah diinduksi membentuk kalus di dalam medium MS dengan penambahan NAA 2,5 mg/L dan kinetin 0,5 mg/L, maupun 2,4 D 1 mg/L tunggal.  Semua bagian kecambah dan kalus dianalisis kandungan senyawa bioaktif dan aktivitas antioksidannya dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sementara itu, senyawa bioaktif lainnya diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan Kromatografi Gas-Spektrofotometer Massa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan faktor sumber eksplan : kecambah, kalus yang berasal dari kotiledon maupun dari  hipokotil disertai 3 ulangan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kalus remah dapat berkembang dari semua bagian kecambah pada medium MS dengan penambahan NAA dan kinetin. Terdapat tiga senyawa yang diobservasi baik pada kalus maupun sumber eksplannya. Kalus tersebut menghasilkan senyawa antioksidan yang tinggi, berdasarkan dari kandungan pigmen dan dari asam askorbat. Metabolit-metabolit tersebut akan dianalisis lebih lanjut terhadap peranannya. Kelompok senyawa yang terbanyak dari hasil GC-MS didominasi oleh hidrokarbon. Kultur kalus memiliki potensi sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif tanaman.
Morfologi Daun Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) dan Keanekaragaman Genetiknya Berdasarkan Marka ISSR Fitri Annisa; Priyanti Priyanti; Dasumiati Dasumiati
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.23975

Abstract

 AbstrakData keanekaragaman durian (Durio zibethinus L.) yang terbatas merupakan salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengelolaan dan pengembangannya di Indonesia. Keanekaragaman genetik dapat ditinjau berdasarkan ciri morfologi yang didukung dengan ciri molekuler. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kekerabatan antar aksesi berdasarkan dendrogram yang menggabungkan data morfologi daun dan polimorfisme Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). Pengamatan ciri morfologi mengacu pada deskriptor durian dan ektraksi DNA dengan metode CTAB yang telah dimodifikasi. Setelah berhasil diekstraksi, DNA durian diamplifikasi dengan tujuh primer ISSR untuk analisis polimorfisme. Konstruksi dendrogram yang terbentuk merupakan hasil analisis menggunakan program NTSYS. Berdasarkan 15 ciri morfologi yang diamati terdapat 5 ciri yang sangat membedakan antara kelompok aksesi durian. Lai (D. kutejensis) memiliki daun lebih panjang hingga 24 cm dan lebar hingga 16 cm dibandingkan 28 aksesi durian dengan panjang hingga 16 cm dan lebar hingga 9 cm. Hasil amplifikasi diperoleh sebanyak 35 pita dan 31 pita bersifat polimorfik dengan persentase polimorfisme berkisar antara 66,7–100%. Persentase polimorfisme pada penelitian ini dapat mencapai 100% dengan primer ISSR 842, PKBT 4, dan PKBT 5. Konstruksi dendrogram ciri morfologi mempunyai koefisien kemiripan sebesar 0,56–0,91 dan membentuk dua kelompok yang tidak memisahkan aksesi-aksesi durian dengan Lai. Ciri polimorfisme ISSR dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi dendrogram menjadi dua kelompok dengan koefisien kemiripan sebesar 0,48–0,96. Dendrogram ciri polimorfisme ISSR secara tegas memisahkan aksesi-aksesi durian dengan Lai. Pohon kekerabatan 28 aksesi durian dan Lai di Kecamatan Serpong telah direkonstruksi untuk pertama kalinya.AbstractLimited data on the diversity of durian (Durio zibethinus L.) is one of the obstacles encountered in its management and development in Indonesia. Genetic diversity can be reviewed based on morphological characteristics supported by molecular characteristics. This study aimed to determine the relationship between accessions based on a dendrogram that combines leaf morphology and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) polymorphism data. Observation of morphological features refered to durian descriptors and DNA extraction using the modified CTAB method. After successful extraction, durian DNA was amplified with seven ISSR primers for polymorphism analysis. The dendrogram construction is formed the NTSYS program. Based on the 15 morphological characteristics observed, 5 characteristics greatly distinguished the durian accession group. Lai (D. kutejensis) had longer up to 24 cm and wider up to 16 cm leaves than 28 durian accessions with a length (16 cm) and width (9 cm). The amplification results were obtained 35 bands and 31 out of them were polymorphic with polymorphic PCR product ranged 66.7–100%. The percentage of polymorphism could reach 100% with ISSR 842, PKBT 4, and PKBT 5 primers. The dendrogram construction based on morphological characteristics had an interaction coefficient of 0.56–0.91 and formed two groups which did not separate durian accessions with Lai. The ISSR polymorphism feature can be used to reconstruct the dendrogram into two groups with a slope coefficient of 0.48–0.96. The dendrogram based on the ISSR polymorphism feature explicitly divides durian accessions with Lai. The cluster analysis of 28 durians and Lai accessions in Serpong District has been reconstructed for the first time.
Adaptabilitas dan Stabilitas Hasil Empat Belas Genotip Padi Gogo Pada Tujuh Lokasi Menggunakan AMMI Eko Binnaryo Mei Adi; Heru Wibowo; Sri Indrayani; Yuli Sulistiyowati; Yuliana Galih Dyan Anggraheni; Ambar Yuswi Perdani; Fiqolbi Nuro; Yashanti Berlinda Paradisa; Puspita Deswina; Enung Sri Mulyaningsih; Dody Priadi
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.22953

Abstract

 AbstrakPengujian stabilitas genotip merupakan hal yang penting dalam perakitan varietas padi gogo. Metode pengujian yang sering dilakukan menggunakan analisis ANOVA gabungan yang harus memenuhi normalitas data dan homogenitas ragam. Terkadang data yang diperoleh tidak dapat memenuhi asumsi, sehingga diperlukan analisis alternatif menggunakan metode kualitatif, yaitu Additive Main Effect and Main Interaction (AMMI). Penelitian menggunakan empat belas genotip padi gogo pada tujuh lokasi, dengan rancangan percobaan rancangan acak kelompok. Hasil analisis AMMI1 menunjukkan bahwa didapatkan tujuh genotip dengan nilai rerata produksi di atas rata-rata umum yaitu G29, G31, G33, G34, G35, G37, dan G42 (Inpago 9). Inpago 9 sebagai genotip dengan rata-rata produksi tertinggi di seluruh lokasi. Hasil analisis AMMI2 didapatkan genotip dengan kemampuan adaptasi spesifik lokasi dan beradaptasi pada seluruh lokasi. Dua genotip beradaptasi baik di lokasi Probolinggo yaitu G39 dan G40, sedangkan G29 dan G41 di lokasi Sukadana. Sementara genotip stabil didapatkan tiga genotip yaitu G31, G34, dan G36, namun genotip G36 termasuk genotip dengan produktivitas dibawah rerata genotip pada seluruh lokasi.AbstractGenotype stability is an important factor for varieties development in upland rice. The method for testing stability trial using combine ANOVA with several requirements such as the normality and homogeneity of variance of the data. Sometime to satisfy the assumptions from the acquiring data was not match, so that needed the alternate analysis using qualitative method for stability genotype testing. One of the method is Additive Main Effect and Main Interaction (AMMI). The research was used fourteen upland genotype and seven locations. The result for AMMI1 showed that seven genotype which is have average above the general average are G29, G31, G33, G34, G35, G37, and G42 (Inpago 9). The highest production is achieving by Inpago 9 varieties. While in AMMI2 have two different result. The first result is genotype with specific adaptation and genotype with has general adaptability. Genotype with specific adaptation are G39 and G40 in Probolinggo while G29 and G41 in Sukadana. The second result was genotype with general adaptability or have a good stability are G31, G34, and G36, but for genotype G36 has a poor productivity because the average is below the general average. The result from stability analysis in AMMI2 biplot showed the stability of G31 and G34 has a good stability and higher yield above the average of genotype in all location.
Deteksi dan Kuantifikasi Cemaran Babi pada Sampel Olahan Daging Menggunakan Real-time PCR Seagames Waluyo; Jekmal Malau; Muhareva Raekiansyah; Edwin Yulian; Imam Hardiman
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 16, No 1 (2023): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v16i1.20203

Abstract

 AbstrakMetode pengujian cemaran babi menjadi faktor penting dalam sertifikasi produk halal. Metode yang cepat dan robust diperlukan untuk deteksi dan kuantifikasi cemaran babi. Metode Real-time PCR atau dikenal dengan istilah quantitative PCR (qPCR) merupakan metode alternatif untuk deteksi dan kuantifikasi cemaran babi berdasarkan residu keberadaan DNAnya pada sampel olahan pangan. Metode ekstraksi DNA dan kit amplifikasi yang tahan terhadap inhibitor menjadi kunci keberhasilan penggunaan qPCR untuk pendeteksian dan kuantifikasi cemaran babi. Pendeteksian cemaran DNA dengan probe qPCR digunakan karena mempunyai kelebihan tahan terhadap inhibitor, cepat, spesifik, dan multipel target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan menguantifikasi cemaran DNA babi menggunakan metode ekstraksi DNA secara cepat dan qPCR. Tahapan penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi, deteksi, dan kuantifikasi DNA babi. Sampel berasal dari produk olahan pangan, seperti bakso, sosis, daging burger, siomay, kuah daging, dan daging isi roti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat cemaran babi pada sampel bakso, daging burger, dan kuah bakso. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bakso memiliki persentase kontaminasi sejumlah 25%, sedangkan kuah daging sejumlah 12,5%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat direkomendasikan untuk laboratorium penguji makanan sebagai metode deteksi cemaran babi dalam produk pangan secara cepat dan akurat.AbstractPork contamination testing method is an important factor in halal product certification. A fast and robust method is needed for the detection and quantification of pig contamination. Real-time PCR method or commonly known as quantitative PCR (qPCR) is an alternative method for the detection and quantification of pork contamination based on the pig’s DNA residual presence in processed food samples. DNA extraction method and inhibitor-resistant amplification kit are the keys of successful qPCR implementation for the detection and quantification of pig contamination. Detection of DNA contamination with qPCR probe is used because it has some advantages, such as resistant to inhibitors, fast, specific, and multiple targets. This research aimed to detect and quantify pig’s DNA contamination using rapid DNA extraction method and qPCR. The stages of this research were pig’s DNA extraction, amplification, detection, and quantification. The samples taken from processed food products, such as meatballs, sausage, burgers’ meat, dumplings, meat broth, and meat filled in the bread. The results showed that there was pork contamination in the samples of meatballs, burgers’ meat, and meat broth. The results showed that the meatballs had a contamination percentage of 25%, while the meat broth had a contamination percentage of 12.5%. The results of this study can be a recommendation for food testing laboratories as a method of detecting the pork contamination in food products quickly and accurately.

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