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Medula
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 97726154     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Medical Profession Journal of Lampung didirkan pada tahun 2013. Medula hadir memenuhi kebutuhan publikasi jurnal bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran, Dosen ataupun klinisi dan profesi lain dibidang kedokteran. Medula diterbitkan dengan frekuensi 4 kali dalam setahun yang tiap nomornya mencakup 30 jenis artikel ilmiah seperti artikel penelitian, laporan kasus, tinjauan pustaka dan lain-lain. Medula sudah memiliki nomor ISSN media cetak sejak tahun 2013
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 27 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula" : 27 Documents clear
The Effectiveness of Phacoemulsification in Cataract Management: Procedures, Benefits, and Challenges Nurhaliza, Rahma; Himayani, Rani; Febriani, Wiwi; Rudiyanto, Waluyo
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1278

Abstract

Cataract is a condition in which the eye's lens, initially clear becomes cloudy, obstructing the passage of light to the retina and causing vision impairments such as blurred vision, reduced visual acuity, and faded color perception. According to WHO data (2022), approximately 2.2 billion people worldwide experience visual impairment, with cataracts being the leading cause of reversible blindness. In Indonesia, the prevalence of cataracts is 1.8%, with an annual incidence rate of 0.1%, and 50% of blindness cases are caused by cataracts. Surgery is the only method to treat cataracts, with phacoemulsification being the most commonly used technique. Phacoemulsification is a cataract surgery technique that employs an ultrasonic tip to break down the cloudy lens, followed by aspiration of the lens fragments. This technique has numerous advantages, including smaller incisions, faster wound healing, good visual acuity outcomes post-surgery, and a lower risk of complications than other surgical methods.
ACNE VULGARIS BERBASIS PATOGENESIS Centya Cheirini; Hendra Tarigan; Aditya, Muhammad; Kurniawan, Betta
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1308

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by polymorphic lesions in the form of comedones, papules, pustules, nodules & cysts in predilection locations. Acne vulgaris is the third most frequent case of the 10 most common skin diseases that often come to health services. The incidence of acne vulgaris can occur due to various factors, including increased androgen hormones, increased sebum production and excessive growth of the Cutibacterium acne bacteria. Cutibacterium acnes bacteria play a role in the inflammatory process which increases the worsening of skin conditions with the enzymes and pro-inflammatory factors produced. Young people are the age who suffer from acne vulgaris more often (85%) with a range of 12-25 years. The diagnosis of acne vulgaris is generally easy to make but therapy results are often unsatisfactory. Medications that are often involved in treating acne vulgaris are the use of topical and systemic antibiotics, retinoids, and anti-clindamycin agents. The purpose of this review article is to find out more about acne vulgaris based on pathogenesis. It is hoped that a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris will be able to provide much better therapeutic options, resulting in optimal improvements in acne vulgaris therapy.  
Literature Review: Antioxidant Activity of Water Apple Leaves (Syzygium aqueum) Justisia, Adilla; Susianti; Jausal, Anisa Nuraisa; Busman, Hendri
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1321

Abstract

Antioxidant is a complex inhibit, prevent or dampen the reactions of free radicals and oxidants, as well as to prevent tissue damage. Antioxidant works by donating one of its electron to oxidant compounds thereby inhibiting the activity of these oxidant compounds. An imbalance between antioxidants and free radicals, where free radicals are more prevalent, can damage molecular organisms and cause oxidative stress that triggers damage to body cells. Oxidative damage to DNA triggers mutations that initiates cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorder, autoimmune diseases, aging processes and several hereditary diseases. Currently, the use of natural antioxidants as traditional treatments is widely consumed by the community. Natural antioxidants are found in several plant sources, it is known to be more affordable and have lower side effects, making it as popular treatment choice in the community. One of the plants with a high antioxidant content is the water apple leaf (Syzygium aqueum) which rich in flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) is a common method to measure antioxidant activity, it works with the principle of hydrogen capture from antioxidants by free radicals. The parameter IC50 is used to represents the sample concentration required to capture 50% of DPPH radicals. Several studies using the DPPH method have shown that water apple leaves have strong antioxidant activity, indicated by its low IC50 value. The lower the IC50 value, the stronger the antioxidant activity.
Faktor Risiko Nyeri Leher Non Spesifik Pamarta, Rachel Dwyana; Setiorini, Anggi; Maulana, Muhammad; Utama, Winda Trijayanthi
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1323

Abstract

Non-specific neck pain is a form of acute, subacute, or chronic neck pain, and there is no abnormal anatomical structure as the cause of the pain. Bad posture habits are a contributing factor to non-specific neck pain. This bad posture will cause muscle tension in the neck which can increase intramuscular pressure which can reduce circulation in the joints, as well as compression of the nervous system and blood vessels around it. This ends in the emergence of pain complaints. The cause of non-specific neck pain is multifactorial consisting of several risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for non-specific neck pain. The method used is article review. Searching for articles both nationally and internationally then summarizing the discussion topics and comparing the results presented in the article. Based on the review that has been done. Non-specific neck pain has a multifactorial cause consisting of several risk factors. Individual factors of non-specific neck pain include gender, age, BMI, and medical history. Work factors include duration of work, length of service, and work posture. Psychological factors include stress, depression, and lack of sleep. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are also risk factors for non-specific neck pain.
The Hubungan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan (PJB) Dengan Status Gizi Pada Balita: Literature Review: Hubungan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan (PJB) Dengan Status Gizi Pada Balita: Literature Review Pertiwi, Nabila Rahma; Berawi, Khairun Nisa
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1348

Abstract

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is a heart condition present at birth, with a global incidence of 9.4 cases per 1,000 live births, and in Indonesia, around 8 cases per 1,000 births. Children with CHD, especially those experiencing malnutrition, are at high risk of growth disorders due to energy imbalance and nutrient deficiencies. Studies on infants with cyanotic and acyanotic CHD show a significant relationship between the type of CHD and the child’s nutritional status. Cyanotic CHD has a greater impact on growth disorders compared to acyanotic CHD, with infants with cyanotic CHD having lower weight and height. The research also indicates that infants with cyanotic CHD have a higher risk of malnutrition due to difficulty meeting their energy needs through food intake. Malnutrition in infants with CHD can be caused by insufficient food intake, inefficient nutrient absorption, and increased energy demands due to the heart working harder. Hypoxemia in cyanotic CHD leads to decreased appetite, increased workload on the heart and lungs, and inefficient thermoregulation, ultimately increasing calorie needs. Additionally, hypoxemia causes changes in body tissue, such as a reduction in fat cells, leading to chronic malnutrition. Increased blood viscosity due to erythrocytosis impedes blood flow and oxygen distribution, worsening the energy imbalance that significantly affects the growth of infants.
Peran Anemia Sebagai Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Resisten pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Nasution, Salwa Salsabila; Kurniati, Intanri; Ratna, Maya Ganda; Ramadhian, M. Ricky
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1354

Abstract

Anemia is one of the most common complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that significantly affects quality of life and prognosis. Anemia is a condition where there is a decrease in iron-rich hemoglobin levels, which functions to circulate oxygen throughout the body. Chronic kidney disease is a kidney condition characterized by abnormalities in kidney structure or function. Men have a 2 times higher risk of developing CKD than women due to their generally poorer lifestyle habits. The condition of insufficient oxygen perfusion to tissues leads to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The RAAS system ultimately produces aldosterone and antidiuretic hormones that cause sodium retention in the body and lead to increased blood pressure. Additionally, anemia can cause changes in blood vessels, where there is an increase in vascular resistance, especially in CKD patients. Studies have also shown that erythropoietin therapy can increase the prevalence of hypertension. Resistant hypertension is a condition where someone suffering from hypertension fails to achieve target blood pressure of <140/80 mmHg in normal individuals and <130/80 mmHg in CKD patients despite adhering to a combination dose of three types of antihypertensive medications. Someone suffering from resistant hypertension must comply with the drug dosage prescribed by the doctor and also improve their lifestyle. This article aims to understand how anemia serves as a risk factor for resistant hypertension in CKD patients. Furthermore, the diagnosis and treatment of resistant hypertension are also discussed in this article.
Challenges and Strategies in Dealing Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Literature Review Nisa, Lutfi Khoirun; Perdani, Roro Rukmi Windi; Graharti, Risti; Wardhani, Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis; Fiana, Dewi Nur; Rahmayani, Fidha
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1356

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children permanently. The exact cause of GSA is not yet known and affects more men than women with a ratio of 4:1. This autism disorder in children appears from birth or a few months after birth, but is often diagnosed when the child is less than 3 years old. Confirmation of GSA diagnosis can use two screening tools, namely DSM-5 and M-CHAT. The management that can be given to children with GSA can be pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2022, 1 in 100 children in the world is diagnosed with autism. Children with GSA have many disorders that can affect their daily activities, both verbally and non-verbally. The main symptoms that are often encountered in children with GSA are difficulties in social interaction, problems in communication, including difficulty learning language or abnormalities in speech, and a tendency to be obsessive about maintaining a consistent daily routine and environment. The prognosis of GSA depends on the severity of each individual and the accompanying disease. This of course makes parents who have children with GSA will be faced with specific challenges in raising their children because children with GSA have different characteristics. Effective strategies that can be carried out to improve disorders in GSA children include the use of visual aids, the creation of a structured daily schedule, good interpersonal communication, the application of the Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) method, integrated sensory therapy, occupational therapy, and play therapy. In addition, to overcome the stress experienced by parents of children with GSA, especially in mothers, it can be done by providing parenting education through psychoeducation.
Peran Shunt Ventrikuloperitoneal dalam Strategi Pengobatan Hidrosefalus Pada Anak : Literature Review Sari, Indah Purnama; Roro Rukmi Windi Perdani; Diana Mayasari; Intanri Kurniati; Fidha Ramayani; Rizki Hanriko; Dewi Nur Fiana
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1357

Abstract

Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain's ventricles, presents a significant challenge in pediatric care. The increased intracranial pressure resulting from this CSF buildup can lead to severe neurological damage if left untreated. Ventricular peritoneal shunt (VP shunt) surgery remains a primary surgical intervention aimed at diverting excess CSF, thereby reducing intracranial pressure and mitigating the risk of irreversible neurological damage. This literature review provides a comprehensive review of the role of VP shunts in the management of pediatric hydrocephalus, encompassing a detailed examination of indications and contraindications for shunt placement, various surgical techniques employed, and the effective management of common post-operative complications such as infection, shunt malfunction (obstruction or overdrainage), and hemorrhage. We meticulously analyze current literature data to assess the effectiveness of VP shunts in improving neurological outcomes, fostering cognitive development, and enhancing the overall quality of life for children affected by hydrocephalus. The analysis will incorporate a review of long-term followup studies to evaluate the durability and efficacy of different shunt types and materials. Case studies and clinical experiences are integrated to provide a nuanced understanding of current clinical practices and to highlight the complexities often encountered in managing this condition. Furthermore, this literature review delves into recent advancements in shunt technology, including the development of programmable valves and less invasive surgical approaches. It also addresses the persistent challenges in optimizing hydrocephalus care, emphasizing the crucial need for a multidisciplinary approach involving neurosurgeons, pediatric neurologists, developmental pediatricians, and other healthcare professionals to ensure holistic and individualized patient care. The ultimate goal is to provide practical, evidence-based guidance for healthcare professionals in the effective and safe management of pediatric hydrocephalus using VP shunts, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Transient Ischemic Attack : Tantangan dalam Mendiagnosis Akuba, Nanda Nurrohim; Susianti; Daulay, Suryani Agustina; Berawi, Khairun Nisa
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1360

Abstract

Stroke is a condition characterized by the rapid development of clinical signs of focal and global neurological deficits, which can worsen and persist for 24 hours or more, potentially leading to death, with no clear cause other than vascular. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is a temporary neurological dysfunction caused by a blockade or reduction in blood perfusion to brain tissue, lasting from a few seconds to minutes, and in some cases, up to 24 hours. Diagnosing TIA is challenging because patients typically present after the TIA has resolved, making it crucial to diagnose TIA clinically before confirming the diagnosis with additional examinations such as CT-Scan or MRI. There are meta-analysis studies that describe the role of certain biomarkers in supporting the diagnosis of TIA. Due to the closely related pathomechanisms between TIA and ischemic stroke, almost all the same biomarkers can be used to diagnose both conditions. There are scoring systems used to identify the risk of stroke in patients with TIA, with the ABCD² score being the most commonly used. Rapid assessment and the implementation of adequate therapy reduce the risk of TIA progressing to ischemic stroke.
Transmisi dan Faktor Risiko Infeksi Helicobacter pylori pada Gastritis: Literature Review: Transmisi dan Faktor Risiko Infeksi Helicobacter pylori pada Gastritis: Literature Review Dharmesti, Rizky Aleyda; Utama, Winda Trijayanthi; Wijaya, Sofyan Musyabiq; Sukohar, Asep
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1368

Abstract

Gastritis a common health issue with high prevalence both globally and nationally. Acute gastritis often associated with lifestyle factors and stress, while chronic gastritis is primarly caused by infection of Helicobacter pylori. This review aims to provide a detail understanding of Helicobacter pylori transmission and risk factor for its infection. This review is a narrative literature review that comparing multiple studies about the topic. Literature was gathered from various database and analyzed to find relevant findings. Result of this study indicate that Helicobacter pylori transmission occurs trough multiple routes such as fecal-oral and oral-oral. Hygiene status and sociodemographic conditions are the most significant risk factor that influence this infection. Chronic gastritis a prevalent condition often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Risk factors for this infection include low socioeconomic status, poor hygiene, inadequate sanitation, and exposure to contaminated environments. H. pylori bacteria can persist for extended periods in specific environments, such as water, food, and dairy products, but struggle to survive in acidic conditions, such as found in yogurt. The prevalence of infection notably higher among children living in areas with poor sanitation and unhygienic food practices. Prevention strategies involve enhancing hygiene standards, improving sanitation, ensuring access to clean water, and promoting health education to minimize the risk of transmission. Early treatment is crucial to restore the gastric mucosa's health and prevent further damage.

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