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Medula
Published by Universitas Lampung
ISSN : -     EISSN : 97726154     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science, Education,
Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health
Medical Profession Journal of Lampung didirkan pada tahun 2013. Medula hadir memenuhi kebutuhan publikasi jurnal bagi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran, Dosen ataupun klinisi dan profesi lain dibidang kedokteran. Medula diterbitkan dengan frekuensi 4 kali dalam setahun yang tiap nomornya mencakup 30 jenis artikel ilmiah seperti artikel penelitian, laporan kasus, tinjauan pustaka dan lain-lain. Medula sudah memiliki nomor ISSN media cetak sejak tahun 2013
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 972 Documents
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Factors Affecting Academic Stress in Medical Students Literature Review Nirwan, Qurratul Aini; Rahmanisa, Soraya; Daulay, Suryani Agustina; Sari, Ratna Dewi Puspita
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1444

Abstract

A student is an individual who studies at a higher education institution. A medical student is a student who requires dedication and undergoes significant pressure to complete their studies. Medical students are highly vulnerable to academic stress. Stress is a threatening state experienced by an individual, while a stressor is the source of stress. Academic stress occurs when students face academic pressure, such as intensive learning activities. Stressors that can contribute to academic stress include exams, practical sessions, assignments, and time constraints that must be managed within a short period. Academic stress impacts mental health, which in turn affects students' academic performance. Stress induced by psychological pressure causes changes in the body, resulting in two types of responses: slow and fast responses. These responses are linked to two physiological systems: the sympathetic adrenomedullary system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal  HPA   axis. Several factors influence academic stress in medical students, including self-efficacy, hardiness, optimism, achievement motivation, procrastination, and social support. High self-efficacy helps students manage stress, while hardiness strengthens their resilience in facing pressure. Optimism and achievement motivation contribute to students' ability to recover from failure and stay focused on their goals. Conversely, procrastination worsens stress due to delays in completing tasks. Social support from family, friends, and institutions plays a crucial role in reducing stress by providing a sense of security and emotional balance for students.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Teh Hijau pada Bakteri Gram Positif dan Bakteri Gram Negatif Afifah, Syafira Hasna; Apriliana, Ety; Setiawan, Gigih; Berawi, Khairun Nisa
Medula Vol 14 No 12 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i12.1446

Abstract

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin compound found in green tea and is known for its various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity. Research on the antibacterial effects of EGCG shows that this compound has significant potential in inhibiting the growth of various pathogens, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, are more sensitive to EGCG than Gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial mechanism of EGCG in Gram-positive bacteria involves disrupting cell membrane integrity and inhibiting biofilm formation, while in Gram-negative bacteria, EGCG can increase the permeability of the outer membrane and increase the penetration efficiency of antibiotics. However, the main challenge in using EGCG against Gram-negative bacteria is the structural barrier present in the outer membrane, which limits the penetration of the compound. The use of EGCG in combination therapy with antibiotics shows great potential in overcoming antibiotic-resistant infections, strengthening antibacterial activity, and reducing side effects. Although EGCG shows promise as an antibacterial therapy, challenges related to bioavailability, stability, and formulation need to be overcome to optimize its potential in the treatment of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
MIGRAIN DENGAN AURA: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Oktarlina, Rasmi Zakiah; Setiawan, Muhamad Rizky; Karima, Nisa; Sutarto, Sutarto
Medula Vol 14 No 10 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i10.1451

Abstract

Migraine is a neurovascular disorder characterized by recurrent headaches with symptoms such as nausea, phonophobia and photophobia. Factors related to migraine include food, psychosocial and environmental factors. The purpose of this article is to identify migraine trigger factors. The type of research is a literature review. Migraines can occur due to trigger factors including foods with certain ingredients (such as tyramine, chocolate), menstrual cycle, weather, sleep patterns, bright light, and screen time. The prevalence of migraine in the world reaches 10-14% with the highest incidence in North America, Central America and South America. In Indonesia alone, the prevalence of migraine has reached 3.5 million people with the highest coming from individuals aged 15-24 years. Until now, the exact cause of migraines is not known. However, there are many risk factors that can influence the occurrence of migraines. The diagnosis of migraine can be made through the results of the history and physical examination, and if necessary, supporting examinations can also be carried out to rule out other secondary causes that may influence migraine. Efforts to prevent migraines from occurring by controlling and avoiding trigger factors and living a healthy lifestyle. Migraine prevention can be done by avoiding trigger factors and adopting a healthy lifestyle, such as maintaining a regular sleep pattern, managing stress, and consuming a balanced nutritious diet.
Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Menarche Dini pada Remaja Perempuan Hafizha, Syifa; Angraini, Dian Isti; Mayasari, Diana; Perdani, Roro Rukmi Windi
Medula Vol 14 No 12 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i12.1452

Abstract

Adolescence is a critical phase of rapid growth characterized by the maturation of reproductive organs, known as puberty. In females, puberty is marked by the onset of menstruation, with menarche being the first occurrence of menstruation, typically between the ages of 12 and 14 years. However, the average age of menarche in Indonesia has declined over the years, leading to an increase in early menarche cases. Early menarche occurs at an age of < 11 years (9-10 years) that is primarily driven by elevated estrogen levels in the female body. Factors influencing early menarche include genetics, nutritional status, lifestyle, dietary intake, physical activity, stress management, socioeconomic conditions, sexual behavior, and media exposure. This literature review aims to examine the correlation between these factors and the decreasing age of menarche among adolescent girls in Indonesia. Nutritional status and imbalanced dietary patterns are external factors strongly associated with early menarche. Genetic factors, particularly maternal menarche age, significantly influence the likelihood of early menarche in daughters. Low levels of physical activity contribute to increased ovarian activity and elevated estrogen levels, thereby raising the risk of early menarche. Furthermore, insufficient physical activity is directly linked to early menarche. External influences such as media exposure shape sexual behaviors, which may accelerate menarche onset. Poor stress management also disrupts estrogen regulation, further contributing to early menarche.
Potensi Daun Jambu Air (Syzygium aquem) sebagai Fitofarmaka : Literature Review Febrianti, Arlin; Susianti, Susianti; Kusumaningtyas, Intan; Mustofa, Syazili
Medula Vol 14 No 12 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i12.1456

Abstract

Traditional medicine widely utilizes plant extracts from various parts of plants due to their secondary metabolite content, which possesses therapeutic effects. One plant with high pharmacological potential is the water apple leaf (*Syzygium aqueum*), belonging to the Myrtaceae family and commonly found in tropical regions such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and India. Water apple leaves have been used as phytopharmaceuticals because they contain various bioactive compounds that can be extracted and utilized for treating different diseases. The active compounds commonly found in water apple leaves include alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and coumarins. Studies have shown that water apple leaf extracts exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties. Additionally, the bioactive compounds in water apple leaves have the potential to be further developed as natural therapeutic agents for treating degenerative diseases and infections. This pharmacological potential positions water apple leaves as a promising phytopharmaceutical candidate for development in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. However, further research is required to explore the mechanisms of action, efficacy, and potential toxicity of the active compounds in water apple leaves. A comprehensive study in this area will enable the optimization of water apple leaves as a safe and effective natural therapy for various diseases.
Tinjauan Pustaka: Pengaruh Obesitas, Resistensi Insulin dan Sindrom Metabolik dengan Fungsi Tiroid Fala, Arzety Rifda; Windarti, Indri; Jausal, Anisa Nuraisa; Sukohar, Asep
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1459

Abstract

The thyroid gland, located in the neck, is crucial for regulate metabolism, growth, and development by producing hormones like thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones influence various body functions, including heart rate, temperature control, energy production, and fat metabolism. When the thyroid gland doesn't function properly, it can cause conditions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome can disrupt thyroid function. Obesity, characterized by excessive fat accumulation, is a global issue. This study examines how obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome affect thyroid function. A review of fourteen relevant articles found that Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels are positively correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. The underlying mechanism is increased levels of leptin and inflammatory cytokines, which affect TSH production and thyroid function through disruption of T3 feedback. The findings indicate that obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome lead to increased TSH as a compensatory response. This study highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between these conditions for better prevention and health management.
The Role of Between Scenario Quality and Prior Knowledge on the Effectiveness of Tutorial Discussions in Problem-Based Learning (PBL): Literature Review Mu'izabby, Iffah Salma; Oktafany, Oktafany; Ratna, Maya Ganda; Lisiswanti, Rika
Medula Vol 14 No 12 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i12.1460

Abstract

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a learning method that puts students at the centre of the learning process, encouraging them to learn independently through problem solving. One of the main approaches in PBL is tutorial discussion, which plays an important role in promoting deep learning. The effectiveness of tutorial discussions is influenced by three main aspects: the quality of the problem scenario, students' prior knowledge, and tutor performance. The scenario should be authentic, relevant to the students' level of understanding, and able to stimulate independent learning. Students' prior knowledge also affects their contribution to the discussion, as adequate understanding allows for more active engagement. In addition, the tutor's role in facilitating the discussion also influences the success of the PBL method. The quality of the scenario and prior knowledge play an important role in the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) discussions, although their relationship is not always statistically significant. The quality of a well-designed scenario can stimulate meaningful discussions, motivate students, and support the achievement of learning objectives. Prior knowledge, while not necessarily determining the success of the discussion, influences how students integrate new information. Groups with lower prior knowledge can show higher discussion effectiveness through active exploration. Overall, the effectiveness of PBL is influenced by the interaction between the quality of learning design and student characteristics, suggesting the need for a holistic approach in designing PBL scenarios.
Penyuluhan Edukasi Penggunaan Earphone Pasien Poli THT-KL RSUD dr H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2024 Akbar, Tasya; Imanto, Mukhlis
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1462

Abstract

One of the five main senses in humans is the ear which is very necessary to capture the communication delivered. The human ear can only receive sound frequency intensity with a range of about 20 Hz to 20kHz. If the ear is exposed to quite loud noise and for a long period of time, it will cause noise-induced hearing loss. Earphone users who use the device more than 8 hours / week compared to earphone users with a time limit of only a few hours, the results of hearing levels are worse. This activity aims to provide knowledge about education in the use of earphones which is carried out by the ENT-HN Polyclinic of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Hospital, Lampung Province. The activity began with providing counseling and continued with a discussion session. Before and after the counseling, a pre- and post-test was given with an average result of 50 and 82.5, there was a significant increase in knowledge in patients about ear health. Through this activity, it is known that there is an increase in knowledge from patients at the ENT-HN Polyclinic of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Hospital, Lampung Province regarding education in the proper use of earphones in everyday life.
Merokok dan Vaping Sebagai Faktor Resiko Terjadinya Gangguan pada Hati Mubarak, Raka Anzil; Windarti, Indri; Yunianto, Andi Eka
Medula Vol 14 No 11 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i11.1463

Abstract

Conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes (vaping) has a significant impact to health issues worldwide. There are more than 1.1 billion active smokers in the world and 8 million people die each year due to tobacco consumption. E-cigarette use is also increasing. The liver is responsible for metabolism and detoxification, so it is highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of chemical compounds from conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes. This article is a literature study using secondary data from articles in national and international journals sourced from Google Scholar, NCBI, and PubMed. The purpose of this article is to review the relation between smoking, vaping, and the risk of liver disease, with a focus on the components of cigarettes and the mechanisms of liver damage. There are 4000 chemicals contained in cigarettes, including nicotine which are addictives and stimulants. The effects of smoking on the liver are caused by toxic, immunologic, and oncogenic mechanisms. The use of e-cigarettes or vaping is gaining popularity as a safe alternative to conventional cigarettes. However, each e-liquid solution can contain up to 60 chemicals that are harmful to the body. The effects of e-cigarettes on the liver are explained by complex mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired lipid metabolism in the liver. Smoking affects the progression of liver diseases such as Hepatitis, Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (NAFLD), Primary Billier Cholangitis (PBC), and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vaping has an association with the incidence of NAFLD and HCC, but there is not yet strong enough evidence to associate it with the progression of Hepatitis and PBC.
Edukasi Bahaya Penggunaan Cotton Buds: Upaya Pencegahan Risiko Kesehatan Setiawan, Salsabila Alifiyah; Imanto, Mukhlis
Medula Vol 14 No 12 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i12.1466

Abstract

A common practice in the community is to clean the ears independently to remove earwax that is considered annoying. The act of cleaning the ear canal by using ear cotton aids, actually causes the cerumen to be pushed deeper, which can close the tympanic membrane, causing temporary hearing loss. Cleaning the ear itself is inserting objects into the ear canal with the aim of removing earwax is a practice that has the potential to disrupt the natural cleaning mechanism, and is a risk factor for injury to the ear. Community service activities in the form of counseling “Education on the Dangers of Using Cotton Buds” were carried out on Thursday, January 25, 2024 which took place on the 3rd floor of the Poli Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Hospital Lampung Province. This activity was attended by 12 audiences who were patients who were checking themselves to the ENT-KL Poly and Poly on the 3rd floor of the Poly Building of Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Hospital Lampung Province. Pre and Post Tests were conducted as a measuring tool to evaluate the increase in audience knowledge after being given counseling. An increase in percentage was obtained, from 60% in the pretest results and 97% in the post-test results. This counseling activity proved to be effective in increasing community knowledge so it is recommended to be carried out regularly. Lack of knowledge about the dangers of using cotton buds could potentially increase the risk of ear injury. Therefore, it is important to educate the community on the correct way to care for the ears, as well as the dangers of improper use of cotton buds. Through this counseling activity, it is hoped that it can increase public awareness and understanding of the importance of safe and healthy ear care.

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